scholarly journals Behaviour and body patterns of Octopus vulgaris facing a baited trap: first-capture assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. e003
Author(s):  
Marta Dominguez-Lopez ◽  
Guillermo Follana-Berná ◽  
Pablo Arechavala-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Body Postures ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Population Consequences ◽  
Body Patterns ◽  
First Time

This study highlights for the first time individual differences in ethology and vulnerability of Octopus vulgaris (i.e. body postures, movements and skin displays) facing passive baited traps. Common octopus exposed to a baited trap during three consecutive first-capture tests exhibited diverse behavioural and body pattern sequences resembling when the octopus searches for and hunts its wild prey. Overall, they first visually recognized new objects or potential preys and rapidly moved out of the den, exploring, grabbing and approaching the trap with the arms (chemotactile exploration), and capturing the bait with the arms and feeding on top over long periods inside the trap. Simultaneously, O. vulgaris displayed diverse skin textural and chromatic signs, the regular pattern being the most frequent and long-lasting, followed by broad mottle, passing cloud and dark patterns. All individuals (n=8) caught the bait at least once, although only five octopuses (62.5%) entered the trap in all three tests. In addition, high variability among individuals was observed regarding behaviour and body patterns during the first-capture tests, which might evidence different individual temperaments or life-history traits. Differences in behavioural responses at individual level might have population consequences due to fisheries-induced selection, although there is a high necessity to assess how behavioural traits might play an important role in life-history traits of this species harvested by small-scale trap fisheries.

scholarly journals Environmentally Modulated Repeat Evolution of Polymorphic Arctic Charr Life History Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Grenier ◽  
Aslak Smalås ◽  
Runar Kjær ◽  
Rune Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sympatric Morphs

Sympatric Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L. 1758), morphs have flexible but repeated life history strategies tested across five Norwegian lakes. In several Scandinavian polymorphic Arctic charr populations differentiated by their diet and habitat use, a large littoral omnivorous (LO) morph commonly cooccurs with a smaller profundal spawning (PB/PZ) morph. A third, large piscivorous (PP) morph is also known to occur within a portion of Arctic charr populations in the profundal habitat along with the PB/PZ individuals. Life history traits, such as age at maturity, growth, and diet are known to differ among coexisting morphs. Notably, the PP morph was the longest morph with the oldest age at maturity while the PB/PZ morph showed the shortest lengths overall and youngest age with LO morph being intermediate in both traits. Growth parameters differed across all the morphs. When examining growth within morph groups, the LO morph was found to have different growth across all lakes, while similar reproductive investments and different energy acquisition patterns were seen within the PB/PZ and PP morphs. These results suggest repeat evolution in several life history strategies of reproductively isolated Arctic charr sympatric morphs, notably for the first time in the PP morph, while also highlighting the importance of the local environment in modulating life history traits.

Spatiotemporal variation in maturation: a case study with American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1688-1699
Author(s):  
Nan Zheng ◽  
Matthew Robertson ◽  
Noel Cadigan ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Joanne Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Fisheries management usually does not explicitly account for spatial variation in life history traits within populations. However, for some stocks this spatial variation may be substantial. We develop a spatiotemporal generalized linear model and fit the model to a long time series of maturation data for American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland and Labrador. The spatiotemporal correlation structure improves estimation of small-scale spatiotemporal variation in maturity across locations and times with limited or few samples. We test how American plaice maturity varies at three different spatial resolutions. We find improvements in model fit when decreasing spatial scales for higher spatial resolution due to high levels of spatial heterogeneity in American plaice maturity at age and size. Modeling variation in life history traits at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales is necessary for understanding population dynamics and developing appropriate fisheries management strategies.

scholarly journals Louse (Insecta: Phthiraptera) infestations of the Amur Falcon (Falco amurensis) and the Red-footed Falcon

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Sándor Piross ◽  
Péter Fehérvári ◽  
Zoltán Vas ◽  
Szabolcs Solt ◽  
Éva Horváth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Life History ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Louse Species ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
First Time

Abstract Little is known about the louse species harboured by Red-footed and Amur Falcons despite the fact that various life-history traits of these hosts make them good model species to study host-parasite interactions. We collected lice samples from fully grown Amur (n=20) and Red-footed Falcons (n=59), and from nestlings of Red-footed Falcons (n=179) in four countries: Hungary, India, Italy and South Africa. We identified 3 louse species on both host species, namely Degeeriella rufa, Colpocephalum subzerafae and Laembothrion tinnunculi. The latter species has never been found on these hosts. Comparing population parameters of lice between hosts we found significantly higher prevalence levels of D. rufa and C. subzerafae on Amur Falcons. Adult Red-footed Falcons had higher D. rufa prevalence compared to C. subzerafae. For the first time we also show inter-annual shift in prevalence and intensity levels of these species on Red-footed Falcons; in 2012 on adult hosts C. subzerafae had higher intensity levels than D. rufa, however in 2014 D. rufa had significantly higher intensity compared to C. subzerafae. In case of nestlings both louse species had significantly higher preva lence levels than in 2014. The exact causes of such inter-annual shifts are yet to be understood.

scholarly journals Small-scale spatial variation in population- and individual-level reproductive parameters of the blue-legged hermit crabClibanarius tricolor

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3004 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Baeza ◽  
Donald C. Behringer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
History Of

Management of the few regulated ornamental fisheries relies on inadequate information about the life history of the target species. Herein, we investigated the reproductive biology of the most heavily traded marine invertebrate in the western Atlantic; the blue-legged hermit crabClibanarius tricolor. We report on density, individual-level, and population-level reproductive parameters in 14 populations spanning the Florida Keys. In C. tricolor, abundance, population-level, and individual-level reproductive parameters exhibited substantial small-scale spatial variation in the Florida Keys. For instance, the proportion of brooding females varied between 10–94% across localities. In females, average (±SD) fecundity varied between 184 (±54) and 614 (±301) embryos crab-1 across populations. Fecundity usually increases with female body size in hermit crabs. However, we found no effect of female body size on fecundity in three of the populations. Altogether, our observations suggest that C. tricolor may fit a source-sink metapopulation dynamic in the Florida Keys with low reproductive intensity and absence of a parental body size—fecundity relationship resulting in net reproductive loses at some localities. We argue in favor of additional studies describing population dynamics and other aspects of the natural history of C. tricolor (e.g., development type, larval duration) to reveal ‘source’ populations, capable of exporting larvae to nearby populations. Our observations imply that future studies aimed at assessing standing stocks or describing other aspects of the life history of this hermit crab need to focus on multiple localities simultaneously. This and future studies on the reproductive biology of this species will form the baseline for models aimed at assessing the stock condition and sustainability of this heavily harvested crustacean.

scholarly journals Small-scale spatial and temporal variation of life-history traits of common frogs (Rana temporaria) in sub-Arctic Finland

Polar Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1581-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Cogălniceanu ◽  
Raluca I. Băncilă ◽  
Rodica Plăiaşu ◽  
Daniela Roşioru ◽  
Juha Merilä
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Small Scale

Impact of density and sex-dependent larval competition on selected life history traits ofDrosophila melanogaster(Diptera: Drosophilidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Sohini Singha Roy ◽  
Gautam Aditya ◽  
Sujay Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
Competitive Behaviour ◽  
The Individual

AbstractAn assessment of the effects of competitive behaviour and sex on seven selected life history traits ofDrosophila melanogasterMeigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) was made under precisely regulated larval density. Contrary to the conditions of crowding, as considered in many previous studies, the low scale of density enabled assessment of the life history traits at the individual level with higher precision and low variations. The 0-day-old first instars were reared with the relative density of 1,2, 3, and 4 individuals with optimal food until the adults emerged. The life history traits like age at pupation, age at eclosion, adult body weight, adult body length, wing length, and adult survival were used as response variables. Both the density and sex of the competitors were considered as predictors of the life history traits and a stronger effect was evident in the female sex than in males, which is statistically significant. Result also revealed the effect of competitive behaviour was more intense in case of same sex competitors than of opposite sex. In all instances, the life history traits exhibited a trend of decreasing function with the increasing larval rearing density, in compliance with the norms of density-dependent effects on development ofDrosophilaFallén and similar insects.

scholarly journals Small-scale spatial variation in evolvability for life-history traits in the storm petrel

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIN-YEON KIM ◽  
ANA SANZ-AGUILAR ◽  
EDUARDO MÍNGUEZ ◽  
DANIEL ORO
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Storm Petrel

A revision of Mantidactylus microtis and M. microtympanum, and a comparison with other large Madagascan stream frogs (Anura: Mantellidae: Mantellinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1105 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCO ANDREONE ◽  
RONALD A. NUSSBAUM
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Femoral Glands ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
First Time

We revise two stream frogs, Mantidactylus microtis and M. microtympanum, providing data on its known distribution and life history traits, based upon observations in nature. For M. microtis we show for the first time photographs of the live individuals, while for M. microtympanum we also describe its putative tadpoles. The transfer of microtis from Boophis to Mantidactylus is formally justified by morphological and ecological traits, e.g., the lack of nuptial pads, the torrenticolous life style and the low number of eggs. Mantidactylus microtis shares some characters with M. microtympanum: distribution (both live in south-eastern Madagascar), natural history (both are stream frogs), morphology (wide digital expansions, lack of femoral glands, presence of a mostly unforked omosternum, cryptic dorsal colouration, small tympanum, and presence of a derived cloacal structure). Mantidactylus microtympanum differs from the species of the subgenus Mantidactylus (M. grandidieri and M. guttulatus), to which it was so far ascribed, for the lack (vs. presence) of femoral glands, and presence of expanded (vs. moderately expanded) fingertips. Whether M. microtis and M. microtympanum are phylogenetically related, or their overall similarity is due to convergence, is discussed.

Deriving population scaling rules from individual-level metabolism and life history traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémy Denéchère ◽  
P. Daniël van Denderen ◽  
Ken Haste Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Individual Level
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