A revision of Mantidactylus microtis and M. microtympanum, and a comparison with other large Madagascan stream frogs (Anura: Mantellidae: Mantellinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1105 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCO ANDREONE ◽  
RONALD A. NUSSBAUM
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Femoral Glands ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
First Time

We revise two stream frogs, Mantidactylus microtis and M. microtympanum, providing data on its known distribution and life history traits, based upon observations in nature. For M. microtis we show for the first time photographs of the live individuals, while for M. microtympanum we also describe its putative tadpoles. The transfer of microtis from Boophis to Mantidactylus is formally justified by morphological and ecological traits, e.g., the lack of nuptial pads, the torrenticolous life style and the low number of eggs. Mantidactylus microtis shares some characters with M. microtympanum: distribution (both live in south-eastern Madagascar), natural history (both are stream frogs), morphology (wide digital expansions, lack of femoral glands, presence of a mostly unforked omosternum, cryptic dorsal colouration, small tympanum, and presence of a derived cloacal structure). Mantidactylus microtympanum differs from the species of the subgenus Mantidactylus (M. grandidieri and M. guttulatus), to which it was so far ascribed, for the lack (vs. presence) of femoral glands, and presence of expanded (vs. moderately expanded) fingertips. Whether M. microtis and M. microtympanum are phylogenetically related, or their overall similarity is due to convergence, is discussed.

Spatiotemporal variation in life history traits of three small fishes in streams of south-eastern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Lourenço ◽  
U. P. Souza ◽  
I. M. Fernandes ◽  
M. Petrere
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil

scholarly journals Environmentally Modulated Repeat Evolution of Polymorphic Arctic Charr Life History Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Grenier ◽  
Aslak Smalås ◽  
Runar Kjær ◽  
Rune Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sympatric Morphs

Sympatric Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L. 1758), morphs have flexible but repeated life history strategies tested across five Norwegian lakes. In several Scandinavian polymorphic Arctic charr populations differentiated by their diet and habitat use, a large littoral omnivorous (LO) morph commonly cooccurs with a smaller profundal spawning (PB/PZ) morph. A third, large piscivorous (PP) morph is also known to occur within a portion of Arctic charr populations in the profundal habitat along with the PB/PZ individuals. Life history traits, such as age at maturity, growth, and diet are known to differ among coexisting morphs. Notably, the PP morph was the longest morph with the oldest age at maturity while the PB/PZ morph showed the shortest lengths overall and youngest age with LO morph being intermediate in both traits. Growth parameters differed across all the morphs. When examining growth within morph groups, the LO morph was found to have different growth across all lakes, while similar reproductive investments and different energy acquisition patterns were seen within the PB/PZ and PP morphs. These results suggest repeat evolution in several life history strategies of reproductively isolated Arctic charr sympatric morphs, notably for the first time in the PP morph, while also highlighting the importance of the local environment in modulating life history traits.

scholarly journals Louse (Insecta: Phthiraptera) infestations of the Amur Falcon (Falco amurensis) and the Red-footed Falcon

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Sándor Piross ◽  
Péter Fehérvári ◽  
Zoltán Vas ◽  
Szabolcs Solt ◽  
Éva Horváth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Life History ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Louse Species ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
First Time

Abstract Little is known about the louse species harboured by Red-footed and Amur Falcons despite the fact that various life-history traits of these hosts make them good model species to study host-parasite interactions. We collected lice samples from fully grown Amur (n=20) and Red-footed Falcons (n=59), and from nestlings of Red-footed Falcons (n=179) in four countries: Hungary, India, Italy and South Africa. We identified 3 louse species on both host species, namely Degeeriella rufa, Colpocephalum subzerafae and Laembothrion tinnunculi. The latter species has never been found on these hosts. Comparing population parameters of lice between hosts we found significantly higher prevalence levels of D. rufa and C. subzerafae on Amur Falcons. Adult Red-footed Falcons had higher D. rufa prevalence compared to C. subzerafae. For the first time we also show inter-annual shift in prevalence and intensity levels of these species on Red-footed Falcons; in 2012 on adult hosts C. subzerafae had higher intensity levels than D. rufa, however in 2014 D. rufa had significantly higher intensity compared to C. subzerafae. In case of nestlings both louse species had significantly higher preva lence levels than in 2014. The exact causes of such inter-annual shifts are yet to be understood.

Regional differences in the reproductive parameters of the sparsely-spotted stingaree, Urolophus paucimaculatus, from south-eastern Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian I. Trinnie ◽  
Terence I. Walker ◽  
Paul L. Jones ◽  
Laurie J. Laurenson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Size At Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Maternal Condition ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Whether spatial variation occurs in the life-history traits of chondrichthyan species is important to fisheries modelling and assessments. A study on the reproductive parameters of Urolophus paucimaculatus from four separate regions across south-eastern Australia found regional differences in maximum total length (TL), size-at-maturity, size-at-maternity and litter sizes. Inshore embayments (Port Phillip Bay (PPB) and Corner Inlet (CI)) appear to allow for larger TLs (females and males) than do offshore areas (Lakes Entrance (LE) and Western Bass Strait (WBS)). Size-at-maturity and size-at-maternity decreased across longitude from west (PPB) to east (LE) and seasonality of parturition and ovulation occurred earlier in PPB (August–October) than in LE (September–December). Maximum litter size correlated with maximum TL (six in PPB, five in each of CI and LE, and four in WBS). There was uncertainty in classifying females for maternal condition because the reproductive cycle appears to range from a continuous annual cycle to a non-continuous biennial cycle. Much of the uncertainty arises from the ambiguity of observation of non-pregnant mature females, which have either aborted through capture and handling, or are in a ‘resting year’ between pregnancies. Most likely, the majority are reproducing annually with an unknown proportion of females non-continuous and resting between pregnancies.

Comparing Early Life History Strategies of Pomatomus saltatrix: a Global Approach

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Juanes ◽  
JA Hare ◽  
AG Miskiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Pomatomus Saltatrix ◽  
South Eastern

Pomatomus saltatrix (Pisces:Pomatomidae) is a highly migratory, continental-shelf species with a worldwide subtropical distribution including the eastern coast of North America, the Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, north-western Africa, the eastern coast of South America, the south-eastern coast of South Africa, and the south-eastern and south-westem coasts of Australia. This paper summarizes available life history information from the different regions where P. saltatrix occurs, with a focus on the early life history. The basic physical oceanography of these regions is also reviewed to elucidate patterns in larval transport. Comparison of these populations suggests that there are commonalties: adults migrate to spawning grounds; eggs and larvae are typically advected along-shore to juvenile nursery habitats; juveniles recruit to inshore habitats at a similar size, and there they grow rapidly and are mainly piscivorous, feeding primarily on atherinids and engraulids. There are also a number of life history traits that are quite variable among populations: the number of annual reproductive peaks, the number of juvenile cohorts, adult growth patterns and reproductive parameters. Comparison of these life history patterns leads to several non-exclusive hypotheses as to the adaptive significance of variations in life history traits. The goal is to identify areas where more research is needed to assess the degree to which populations of a global species are adapted to their local environment.

scholarly journals Behaviour and body patterns of Octopus vulgaris facing a baited trap: first-capture assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. e003
Author(s):  
Marta Dominguez-Lopez ◽  
Guillermo Follana-Berná ◽  
Pablo Arechavala-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Body Postures ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Population Consequences ◽  
Body Patterns ◽  
First Time

This study highlights for the first time individual differences in ethology and vulnerability of Octopus vulgaris (i.e. body postures, movements and skin displays) facing passive baited traps. Common octopus exposed to a baited trap during three consecutive first-capture tests exhibited diverse behavioural and body pattern sequences resembling when the octopus searches for and hunts its wild prey. Overall, they first visually recognized new objects or potential preys and rapidly moved out of the den, exploring, grabbing and approaching the trap with the arms (chemotactile exploration), and capturing the bait with the arms and feeding on top over long periods inside the trap. Simultaneously, O. vulgaris displayed diverse skin textural and chromatic signs, the regular pattern being the most frequent and long-lasting, followed by broad mottle, passing cloud and dark patterns. All individuals (n=8) caught the bait at least once, although only five octopuses (62.5%) entered the trap in all three tests. In addition, high variability among individuals was observed regarding behaviour and body patterns during the first-capture tests, which might evidence different individual temperaments or life-history traits. Differences in behavioural responses at individual level might have population consequences due to fisheries-induced selection, although there is a high necessity to assess how behavioural traits might play an important role in life-history traits of this species harvested by small-scale trap fisheries.

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