scholarly journals Energy-Scape Web-Based Application is an Effective Tool to Overcome the Basic Knowledge of Architects Toward Renewable Energy Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Rania Ruhdy Moussa ◽  
Khaled Mohamed Dewidar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Optimum Type ◽  
The Impact

In last few years, research on renewables were shifted from integrating renewable energy (RE) with buildings into integrating renewable energy (RE) within urban environment due to the large occupies of urban areas in comparing to the building foot print. Urban areas such as urban landscape areas have a great potential in generating huge amount of energy that could satisfy the needs of urban neighbor-hoods. The presented research identify the properties of a new elements called Energy-scape elements (ESE) that integrates RE devices with urban landscape el-ements. This research focuses on analyzing the efficiency of web-based applica-tion called “Energy-scape software” (ESS) and compare its efficiency with Ener-gy-scape database (ESD) through a qualitative method. The research concludes that Energy-scape software (ESS) application is an effective tool for implement-ing Energy-scape elements (ESE) and it overcome the basic knowledge of archi-tects and landscape designers toward renewable properties. Moreover, it identi-fies the optimum type and location of Energy-scape elements (ESE) within a spe-cific project, and it calculates the impact of using Energy-scape elements (ESE) in term of energy-savings.

scholarly journals Lighting System Modernization as a Source of Green Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2771
Author(s):  
Leszek Kotulski ◽  
Artur Basiura ◽  
Igor Wojnicki ◽  
Sebastian Siuchta
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Lighting Retrofit

The use of formal methods and artificial intelligence has made it possible to automatically design outdoor lighting. Quick design for large cities, in a matter of hours instead of weeks, and analysis of various optimization criteria enables to save energy and tune profit stream from lighting retrofit. Since outdoor lighting is of a large scale, having luminaires on every street in urban areas, and since it needs to be retrofitted every 10 to 15 years, choosing proper parameters and light sources leads to significant energy savings. This paper presents the concept and calculations of Levelized Cost of Electricity for outdoor lighting retrofit. It is understood as cost of energy savings, it is in the range from 23.06 to 54.64 EUR/MWh, based on real-world cases. This makes street and road lighting modernization process the best green “energy source” if compared with the 2018 Fraunhofer Institute cost of electricity renewable energy technologies ranking. This indicates that investment in lighting retrofit is more economically and ecologically viable than investment in new renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential of Nontraditional Water Sources for Landscape Irrigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul I. Cabrera ◽  
James E. Altland ◽  
Genhua Niu
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
The Impact

Scarcity and competition for good quality and potable water resources are limiting their use for urban landscape irrigation, with several nontraditional sources being potentially available for these activities. Some of these alternative sources include rainwater, stormwater, brackish aquifer water, municipal reclaimed water (MRW), air-conditioning (A/C) condensates, and residential graywater. Knowledge on their inherent chemical profile and properties, and associated regional and temporal variability, is needed to assess their irrigation quality and potential short- and long-term effects on landscape plants and soils and to implement best management practices that successfully deal with their quality issues. The primary challenges with the use of these sources are largely associated with high concentrations of total salts and undesirable specific ions [sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), boron (B), and bicarbonate (HCO3−) alkalinity]. Although the impact of these alternative water sources has been largely devoted to human health, plant growth and aesthetic quality, and soil physicochemical properties, there is emergent interest in evaluating their effects on soil biological properties and in natural ecosystems neighboring the urban areas where they are applied.

scholarly journals Use of Automated Change Detection and VGI Sources for Identifying and Validating Urban Land Use Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-M. Olteanu-Raimond ◽  
L. See ◽  
M. Schultz ◽  
G. Foody ◽  
M. Riffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
User Profiles ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Impact

Land use and land cover (LULC) mapping is often undertaken by national mapping agencies, where these LULC products are used for different types of monitoring and reporting applications. Updating of LULC databases is often done on a multi-year cycle due to the high costs involved, so changes are only detected when mapping exercises are repeated. Consequently, the information on LULC can quickly become outdated and hence may be incorrect in some areas. In the current era of big data and Earth observation, change detection algorithms can be used to identify changes in urban areas, which can then be used to automatically update LULC databases on a more continuous basis. However, the change detection algorithm must be validated before the changes can be committed to authoritative databases such as those produced by national mapping agencies. This paper outlines a change detection algorithm for identifying construction sites, which represent ongoing changes in LU, developed in the framework of the LandSense project. We then use volunteered geographic information (VGI) captured through the use of mapathons from a range of different groups of contributors to validate these changes. In total, 105 contributors were involved in the mapathons, producing a total of 2778 observations. The 105 contributors were grouped according to six different user-profiles and were analyzed to understand the impact of the experience of the users on the accuracy assessment. Overall, the results show that the change detection algorithm is able to identify changes in residential land use to an adequate level of accuracy (85%) but changes in infrastructure and industrial sites had lower accuracies (57% and 75 %, respectively), requiring further improvements. In terms of user profiles, the experts in LULC from local authorities, researchers in LULC at the French national mapping agency (IGN), and first-year students with a basic knowledge of geographic information systems had the highest overall accuracies (86.2%, 93.2%, and 85.2%, respectively). Differences in how the users approach the task also emerged, e.g., local authorities used knowledge and context to try to identify types of change while those with no knowledge of LULC (i.e., normal citizens) were quicker to choose ‘Unknown’ when the visual interpretation of a class was more difficult.

scholarly journals Towards Energy Self-consumption and Self-sufficiency in Urban Energy Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Valeria Todeschi ◽  
Paolo Marocco ◽  
Guglielmina Mutani ◽  
Andrea Lanzini ◽  
Massimo Santarelli
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Local Energy ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Battery Systems ◽  
The Impact

In Europe, 70% of citizens live in urban areas and consume around 75% of the primary energy supply. In order to reduce the impact of energy consumption and improve the competitiveness of local energy systems, Energy Communities may help to address the challenges of urban sustainability and energy security through local energy production and self-consumption. Solar, biomass and wind are the main sources of renewable energy that are generally used in cities. However, not all the sources available in urban environment are usable, due to the limited availability, or other technical or non-technical limits and constraints. In order to promote renewable energy technologies in buildings it is necessary to consider architectural, cultural, energy, technical and economic feasibility. This work defines a methodology for the optimal design of grid connected PV-battery systems in urban environments. The model was applied to two districts located in the city of Turin with the aim of evaluating the technical feasibility of combining multiple residential users at city level. The purpose of this work is to promote self-consumption and self-sufficiency from the network, using the integration of solar energy with PV-battery systems, and to reduce electrical losses in favor of both the single user and the distribution system. Results show that different values of self-sufficiency and self-consumption can be reached depending on the shape and dimension of each building. It was shown that it is possible to satisfy the current requirements to become an Energy Community in an urban environment with good levels of self-sufficiency.

scholarly journals The use of green walls and the impact on air quality and life standard

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00096
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Wesołowska ◽  
Marta Laska
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Air Pollutions ◽  
Green Walls ◽  
The Impact

People living in urban areas are exposed to a number of threats related with dense urban tissue and high number of vehicles. These include air pollutions, traffic noise and high temperatures. In addition, large cities are struggling with high energy consumption for heating and cooling purposes. One of the possibilities to reduce the mentioned undesirable effects is the use of vegetation on the walls. Plants absorbs the pollutants of air, produced the oxygen, mounted on external walls create thermal insulation and positively affect the psychological aspect. Green walls can be used both indoors and outdoors. The article presents literature review on green walls, describes their benefits and presents the calculations SPBT and possible energy savings taking into account the transmission losses for small residential building.

scholarly journals Konstruksi Sosial Masyarakat terhadap Pemandu Karaoke: Studi Kasus di Desa Botorejo Kecamatan Wonosalam Kabupaten Demak

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Dewi Ratna Sari ◽  
Kuncoro Bayu Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

<div><p class="ABSTRAKen">Karaoke houses that many found in urban areas, nowadays also find into rural areas. The existence of karaoke houses can not be separated from the profession of "karaoke guide", and they often get bad stigma by the public. This study aims to: (1) find out how social construction Botorejo people against karaoke guides; (2) to know the background of the formation of social construction of the community towards karaoke guides, and (3) to know the impact of the social construction on the social relation between the karaoke guide and Botorejo people. This research uses qualitative method with case study approach. Location in Botorejo Village, Wonosalam District, Demak Regency. The data gets from karaoke guides, visitors karaoke houses, managers karaoke houses and people who live in Botorejo Village. The results of the study found that the Karaoke Guides constructed by Botorejo people as “bad women”, the background of the socialconstruction of the Botorejo people is due to the daily habits of karaoke guides and because of the media's reference to the existence of karaoke guides. The impact of social construction on social relations between people with karaoke guides is a latent conflict, social careless relation, and apriori images by the Botorejo people. </p></div>

scholarly journals Urban Commerce and Protected Cultural Landscape

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Griñán Montealegre ◽  
Mónica López Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Historical Landscape ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

From the analysis of the urban landscape, the investigation focuses on the role of commerce in historical urban areas and their relations at present with the landscape, in relation to the preservation of heritage values. Trade plays an essential role in historical urban areas, both in its past and in its present, since it is part of the urban landscape, creating it and modifying it but also preserving it. The historical protected urban areas contain diverse elements that reflect the impact of the commercial activity existing in the city throughout history. At present, the urban landscape of commercial activity is made up of a multiplicity of typologies and formats. Trade interacts with the historical landscape in which it is developed and the heritage values of that landscape, using them to strengthen its strategies of attraction, differentiation and sales. The shop owners contribute to the preservation of historic urban areas by maintaining the commercial function in them. Therefore, we affirm that the role of commercial activity in the preservation of urban protected areas is essential. However, further research is needed because the scientific community specializing in the management of cultural heritage has not deepened in this aspect.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Optimal Sizing and Management of Off-Grid Solar/Wind/Diesel and Battery Energy Systems for Remote Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Thirunavukkarasu ◽  
Yashwant Sawle
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
The Impact

Electrification in rural areas is relatively costly compared to urban areas. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify the best combination of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) to satisfy the load demand in a sustainable and cost-efficient way. The techno-economic study of stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic–wind turbine–diesel–battery-converter energy systems based on the hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) simulation has been analyzed for various locations in the Tamil Nadu state, India. Various combinations of the systems have been compared and analyzed based on the performance of their technical parameters, costs, the electrical power production of each source, and unmet load. The findings indicated that the off-grid solar–wind–diesel–battery configuration is the most economical for all the sites among other system configurations. Comparing with conventional diesel generators among all the locations, a combination of solar/wind/diesel/battery is the economically best design for Thoothukudi, with the least and most reliable solution in terms of net present cost and cost of energy. Also, the impact of intermittent variables becomes significant, so sensitivity analysis for the various parameters has been carried out. The study finds that the least cost of electricity and the net present cost of electricity for Thoothukudi are achieved at 0.266 $/kWh and 138,197 $, respectively. This is economical compared to a stand-alone diesel system where the obtained COE is $1.88 and the NPC is $977523. In the stand-alone diesel operating mode, 41854 kg of CO2 is produced, which is higher than CO2 emissions associated with any other renewable energy systems. According to the results, the Kanyakumari location outperforms in terms of producing environmental pollutants with emission of 1,020 kg/y CO2 at their best. Moreover, the results of the proposed study imply that the proposed renewable energy system in remote sites could be a more economical measure.

Impact of E-Commerce on the Urban Landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Sotheeswari Somasundram
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
City Logistics ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Home Deliveries ◽  
Logistic Chain ◽  
The Impact

Consumers in large cities are projected to contribute 81% to global consumption in 2030 with B2C e-commerce sales growth projected to increase globally by 24% in 2020. The inquiry of the present study is to understand the impact of this growth on the urban landscape. Three key areas influenced by e-commerce which in turn impact the urban landscape, city logistics, warehousing, and retail experience. Rising home deliveries impact city logistics where delivery trucks contribute to traffic congestion and environmental hazards. E-commerce influences locational demand for warehouses differently, depending on the section of the logistic chain. The positive gains include reduced damage to road infrastructures and higher valuation of logistics real estate in urban areas. The final area, retail experience, influences the sustainability of malls in urban areas. Malls in urban centers could remain relevant by reconfiguring retail spaces to accommodate temporary guide stores and pop-up stores instead of anchor tenants.

AUGALŲ ĮTAKOS PASTATO ARCHITEKTŪRINEI RAIŠKAI MIESTOVAIZDYJE EKOLOGINIAI IR KOMPOZICINIAI ASPEKTAI

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
Petras Grecevičius ◽  
Algimantas M. Olšauskas ◽  
Ramunė Urbonienė
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Impact

In the last few years, a negative impact on the environmental values of the Lithuanian urban landscape was made by an increasingly growing urbanization: more densely situated buildings, growing areas of solid concrete or other surface, less and less space for greenery. Soon, roofs shall be equipped not only with antennas, but also with solar collectors and small wind turbines. All this will undoubtedly have an impact on the architectural expression of buildings and landscapes and in the near future, the impact will become even more significant. To achieve high aesthetic value and ecological stability of Lithuanian urban landscapes, the necessary number of studies are required as well as regulatory planning and legislative measures to guarantee the high quality of landscapes not only in the coming years, but in the long term as well. Dust and gas polluted air creates major threat to human health in urban areas. Atmospheric air saturated with harmful substances penetrates into residential housing, hospitals, educational institutions and classrooms, and industrial premises. Indoor air is saturated with chemicals and substances, such as xylene, benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia, acetone and others, are released by building materials and furniture. Besides, there is also human and bio-depleted air. Free planting of trees and shrubs, flowers, grass, balcony attached trays, and plants in pots at the premises is no longer sufficient in urban areas.. Drastic architectural and urbanistic measures are required to help people in the city to restore the natural environment. We are children of nature and we have to move closer to it. To hide urban monotony, considerable efforts have to be made: plans – our friends – should take their places on building roofs and walls, balconies and terraces. This article analyses some of sustainable development issues particular to a Lithuanian city and associated with new technologies pertaining to urban landscape, urban spaces and architectural buildings, architecture, and environment. Some preliminary proposals for possible solutions to improve the basic architecture of buildings and townscapes to enrich the life of new high-quality brands are offered. Santrauka Pastaruoju laikotarpiu Lietuvos miestų kraštovaizdyje vis labiau daugėja urbanizacijos ženklų, darančių negatyvų poveikį aplinkos estetinėms vertybėms ir gyvenimo kokybei. Tankėja užstatymas, vis mažiau vietos lieka želdiniams, didėja kietų betoninių ar kt. paviršių plotas. Ant pastatų stogų įrengiami pavieniai saulės kolektoriai, antenos, mažosios vėjo jėgainės ir kt. Augalai išstumiami iš renovuojamų daugiabučių pastatų kiemų prioritetą suteikiant automobiliams. Nebelieka vietos vaikų žaidimų aikštelėms. Pastatų viduje oro kokybė ne geresnė kaip kieme ar gatvėje. Visa tai neabejotinai daro įtaką architektūrinei pastatų bei miestovaizdžių raiškai bei žmonių sveikatai. Ateityje, tankėjant užstatymui miesto centrinėse dalyse, ta įtaka dar labiau didės. Dulkėmis ir dujomis užterštas oras kelia didžiulę grėsmę žmonių sveikatai. Atmosferos oras, prisotintas kenksmingų medžiagų, skverbiasi į gyvenamuosius būstus, ligonių palatas, mokymo įstaigų klases ir auditorijas, gamybines patalpas. Jau nebepakanka laisvus plotus miestuose apsodinti medžiais ir krūmais, gėlėmis, apsėti žole. Būtinos kardinalios priemonės, padedančios žmogui mieste sugrąžinti natūralią gamtinę aplinką. Siekiant aukštos Lietuvos miestų kraštovaizdžių estetinės vertės, ekologinio stabilumo, būtini sisteminiai architektūriniai ir urbanistiniai tyrimai, taip pat pastatų ir kvartalų, pastatų aplinkos projektavimą reglamentuojančios, planavimo bei teisinės priemonės, kurios garantuotų aukštą kraštovaizdžio kokybę ne tik artimiausiais metais bet ir perspektyvoje. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami kai kurie Lietuvos miestų darnaus vystymosi aspektai susieti su naujų kraštovaizdžio technologijų įtaka urbanizuotų miesto erdvių aplinkai, pateikiami preliminarūs siūlymai, kaip naujus aplinkos elementus kuo tinkamiau išnaudoti gerinant pastatų architektūrą, miesto vaizdą, gyvenimo kokybę.

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