Ethics for the IT Professional

2012 ◽  
pp. 8-18
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Code ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
It Ethics

This chapter focuses on ethics for the IT professional. The learning objectives for this chapter are to understand basic ethical principles relating to IT, to develop a framework that supports making informed decisions regarding ethical problems, to apply an ethical code in typical situations, and to understand future trends relating to IT ethics. The author includes material on each of these topics and also sections with conclusions and references. After having mastered the material in this chapter, a reader will have a much-better understanding of ethical principles relating to the IT profession. But, more importantly, a reader will be able to make practical use of that knowledge by applying it in the workplace to solve ethical dilemmas.

scholarly journals Ethical dilemmas in perinatology

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Serap Kırıcı ◽  
Necla Canbulat Şahiner ◽  
Demet Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Applications

The development of science and technology and in parallel with this, advancements in new applications in health area, confront nurses with ethical problems. It is considerably important that nurses decide based on the ethical problems and ethical principles they face and the effective professional care. Perinatology nursing   are the area, in which the ethical dilemmas are most experienced.  Due  to the fact that  nurses  do not mostly  have   freedom of choice  and the environmental factors,  they are obliged to make a choice  between professional obligation and ethical responsibility  Approach  in obstetric care has to be conducted by considering   the health of  both mother  and baby.  Although the legal regulations, policies, and cooperation with women organizations concerning women enhance quality of care, they influence nursing applications. While the nurses working in the area of perinatology realize the consultancy, educator, and care roles in their every sorts of intervention and decisions in presenting health service, it is highly important for them to behave in the framework of ethical principles. Due to the fact that nurses are the closest health profession members to the patient, have the changing roles and responsibilities in their working areas, and sometimes make decisions and applications on the name of patients, they face to the ethical problems and experience confliction. Therefore, nurses need guidance and support about solution of ethical problems. In this study; ethical dilemmas the nurses working on the perinatology area face and how to be acted in the face of these dilemmas were discussed.  ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Bilim ve teknolojinin gelişmesi, buna paralel olarak sağlık alanında yeni uygulamalarda ilerlemeler hemşireleri etik sorunlarla karşı karşıya bırakmaktadır. Hemşirelerin, karşılaştıkları etik sorunlara etik ilkelere dayanarak karar vermesi ve etkili profesyonel bakım oldukça önemlidir. Perinatoloji hemşireliği etik ikilemlerin en çok yaşandığı alandır. Hemşirelerin çoğu kez seçme hakkının olmaması ve çevresel faktörler nedeniyle kendilerini mesleki yükümlülük ve ahlaki sorumluluk arasında ikilemde bulmalarına neden olmaktadır. Obstetrik bakımda yaklaşım hem annenin hem de bebeğin yararı düşünülerek yapılmalıdır. Kadınları ilgilendiren yasal düzenlemeler, politikalar, kadın kuruluşlarıyla işbirliği yapılması bakım kalitesini artırmakla birlikte hemşirelik uygulamalarını etkilemektedir. Perinatoloji alanında çalışan hemşireler sağlık hizmeti sunmadaki her türlü müdahale ve kararlarında, aynı zamanda danışmanlık, eğitici ve bakım rollerini gerçekleştirirken etik ilkeler çerçevesinde davranış göstermeleri oldukça önemlidir. Hemşireler hastaya en yakın sağlık meslek üyeleri olmaları, çalışma alanlarında değişen rol ve sorumlulukları, kimi zaman hastalar adına karar verme ve uygulamalarda bulunmalarından dolayı etik sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalmakta ve çatışma yaşamaktadır. Bu nedenle etik sorunların çözümü konusunda hemşirelerin rehberliğe ve desteğe gereksinimleri vardır. Bu derlemede perinatoloji alanında çalışan hemşirelerin karşılaştıkları etik ikilemeler ve bu ikilemler karşısında nasıl hareket edilmesi gerektiği amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Ethics in Academic Advising

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Lowenstein ◽  
Thomas J. Grites
Keyword(s):  
Academic Advising ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Academic Advisors ◽  
Ethical Problems

Academic advisors confront many ethical problems and benefit from being able to draw on a system of ethical principles. Such principles, to be credible, should be philosophically defensible and not merely reflective of individual tastes. This article proposes such a set of principles, shows how they can be used to cope with ethical dilemmas, and explains why such dilemmas cannot be prevented. These principles are intended to be useful in training academic advisors but are not intended to create a code of ethics for advising.

Automated argument adjudication to solve ethical problems in multi-agent environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-335
Author(s):  
Selmer Bringsjord ◽  
Naveen Sundar Govindarajulu ◽  
Michael Giancola
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Problem ◽  
Propositional Content ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Artificial Agent ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Multi Agent

Abstract Suppose an artificial agent a adj {a}_{\text{adj}} , as time unfolds, (i) receives from multiple artificial agents (which may, in turn, themselves have received from yet other such agents…) propositional content, and (ii) must solve an ethical problem on the basis of what it has received. How should a adj {a}_{\text{adj}} adjudicate what it has received in order to produce such a solution? We consider an environment infused with logicist artificial agents a 1 , a 2 , … , a n {a}_{1},{a}_{2},\ldots ,{a}_{n} that sense and report their findings to “adjudicator” agents who must solve ethical problems. (Many if not most of these agents may be robots.) In such an environment, inconsistency is a virtual guarantee: a adj {a}_{\text{adj}} may, for instance, receive a report from a 1 {a}_{1} that proposition ϕ \phi holds, then from a 2 {a}_{2} that ¬ ϕ \neg \phi holds, and then from a 3 {a}_{3} that neither ϕ \phi nor ¬ ϕ \neg \phi should be believed, but rather ψ \psi instead, at some level of likelihood. We further assume that agents receiving such incompatible reports will nonetheless sometimes simply need, before long, to make decisions on the basis of these reports, in order to try to solve ethical problems. We provide a solution to such a quandary: AI capable of adjudicating competing reports from subsidiary agents through time, and delivering to humans a rational, ethically correct (relative to underlying ethical principles) recommendation based upon such adjudication. To illuminate our solution, we anchor it to a particular scenario.

scholarly journals Ethical issues relating to qualitative research

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jelsma ◽  
S. Clow
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Scientific Rigour ◽  
Hands On

Qualitative research or naturalistic research has moved from the sidelines into the mainstream of health research and an increasing number of qualitative research proposals are being presented for ethical review Qualitative research presents ethical problems that which are unique to the intensive hands-on paradigm which characterises naturalistic research. This paper briefly outlines the most common methodologies used in this research. The four ethical principles of benevolence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice will be used as a framework to explore specific ethical issues related to this form of inquiry. The need for scientific rigour will also be explored as research that is scientifically unsound can never be ethical.

ETHICAL ISSUES AND THE CORONAVIRUS EPIDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Oleg Letov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
English Language ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Analytical Review

The article is an analytical review of English-language articles on contemporary ethical issues related to the coronavirus epidemic. Such principles of biomedical ethics as respect for the freedom of the patient, non-harm are analyzed. A precautionary approach is formulated, the main norms of which are practicality, impartiality, proportionality and justification. It is emphasized that public health advice and action should be part of a broader effort to gain and maintain confidence in the action taken. Reasonable trust requires a serious attitude to the ethical problems associated with the implementation of the intended ethical principles.

scholarly journals An ethical dilemma in psychotherapy

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 466-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Holmes ◽  
Gwen Adshead ◽  
Jeanette Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Case History ◽  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Principles Of Justice

This paper examines the ethical principles of justice and autonomy in psychotherapy. A case history is presented which illustrates how ethical dilemmas concerning the type of psychotherapy to be offered are powerfully influenced by often unconscious counter-transference feelings in the resource allocators. The question of how autonomous a psychotherapy patient can be, when unconscious motivations could be affecting rational choice, is also explored and possible answers provided.

Ethics of Incongruity: moral tension generators in clinical medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Kontos
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Right Action ◽  
Patients Experience

Affectively uncomfortable concern, anxiety, indecisionand disputation over ‘right’ action are among the expressions of moral tension associated with ethical dilemmas. Moral tension is generated and experienced by people. While ethical principles, rules and situations must be worked through in any dilemma, each occurs against a backdrop of people who enact them and stand much to gain or lose depending on how they are applied and resolved. This paper attempts to develop a taxonomy of moral tension based on its intrapersonal and interpersonal sources and expressions. The proposed ‘ethics of incongruity’ (EoI) outlines ways in which values, actions and needs can find themselves mismatched in morally relevant ways between patients and their clinicians, their own psychologies and their societies. Patient–clinician incongruities may manifest as discord, value misalignment and deception. Patient–patient (ie, intrapersonal) incongruities may manifest as incapacity, akrasia and self-deception. Patient–society incongruities may manifest as disenfranchisement, disaffiliation and disregard. Brief explanations of the incongruities in this scheme are provided, as are suggestions on working within them. Using concepts from moral philosophy when applicable, these suggestions may either ease direct resolution of problems arising from the incongruities, or make sense of the moral tension that arises from the human context of the ethical dilemma at hand. This presentation of content and resolution methods for the EOI is no doubt incomplete. Hopefully, refinement of this preliminary proposal will follow, particularly from clinicians, as the ones who, along with their patients, experience medical ethics in directly tension-inducing ways.

scholarly journals A Historic View of the US Business Ethical Laws and Implications for Developing Countries like China

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-guo Zhu ◽  
Wen-zhong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Us History ◽  
Ethical Behaviors ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times ◽  
Institutional Construction

<p>In the nearly 150 years of the US history, following big historical events or business ethical dilemmas, the business ethical laws have evolved gradually, which can be divided into 11 stages in 4 levels. In each stage, the emphases or governance purposes of the business ethical laws differ greatly, but tend to bear the sign of the times. Through the systematic review and analysis, the paper concludes that in a specific era of the history, when facing a specific ethical dilemma, the government or regulatory authority will develop and perfect the related regulations or norms of business ethical behaviors in line with the feature of the period so as to effectively prevent or solve the ethical problems in the business environment. The practice of the US institutional construction may be of some enlightenment for developing countries like China.</p>

A Qualitative Metasynthesis From Nurses' Perspective When Dealing With Ethical Dilemmas and Ethical Problems in End-of-Life Care

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Karlsson ◽  
Ingela Berggren ◽  
Anne Kasén ◽  
Carola Wärnå-Furu ◽  
Maud Söderlund
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Ethical Problems
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