Optimal Patent Design

2013 ◽  
pp. 280-302
Author(s):  
Anthony Brabazon
Keyword(s):  
Product Space ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Technological Advance ◽  
Patent Policy ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Patent Design ◽  
Patent Breadth

Patents provide a patentee with a degree of monopoly power over a region of product space. The “breadth” and “duration” of patents are policy choices. Increasing patent breadth and duration will ceteris paribus increase the rent, which an individual inventor could earn from a commercially successful invention. However, the precise nature of the relationship between patent policy and the rate of societal technical advance, which is stimulated by a given patent design, is not well understood. In this chapter, the authors novelly investigate this issue using an agent-based modeling approach. The simulation results obtained raise questions about the real utility of patent policy in promoting technological advance and suggest that other policy instruments are actually more important.

Examining the Myth of Money with Agent-Based Modelling

2008 ◽  
pp. 252-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Yamadera
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Classical Economic ◽  
Theories Of Money

This chapter presents an agent-based computational model of the emergence of money. It is based on classical economic theories of money, advocating that money is a symbol of credibility. The most interesting and mysterious feature of money is a departure of its face value from its intrinsic value. People accept and appreciate a piece of paper because it is believed as money. The model examines how such belief creates money in a society. Further more, by incorporating spatial activities of agents into the simulations, the model can examine various hypotheses which were difficult to be examined in previous approaches. The simulation results show that parameters such as credibility and communication between agents will affect the outcomes. The model not only provides the foundation for more generalized theory of money, but also demonstrates that agent-based modeling can be an effective tool to examine various hypotheses of social sciences.

scholarly journals Agent-Based Modeling of the Formation and Prevention of Residential Diffusion on Urban Edges

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12500
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Nagai ◽  
Setsuya Kurahashi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Travel

This paper presents an exploratory urban dynamics agent-based model (ABM) that simulates the relationship between the introduction of a hub facility open to residents, the interaction promotion around it, and transport policies on the sustainability of urban development through the autonomous actions of individual residents. By contrasting the model results with theoretical and empirical insights from actual cities, the validity of modeling the formation of residential diffusion on urban edges based on individual gain-maximizing daily travel and residential relocation is explained. The major contribution of the model is that it offers a new perspective on the bottom-up control of residential diffusion on urban edges, with benefits for productive human interactions at the microscale. Specifically, the model experimentally suggests the existence of a trade-off between increasing human interactions, through the introduction of an open hub attracting diverse activities and promotion of interaction around it, as well as the progression of residential diffusion. The model also suggests that the direction of urbanization is the result of collective action, and sustainable urbanization may be achieved through concerted efforts.

Research on Continuous Reconnaissance Capability of UAV Formation in Multi-Target Situation

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 246-249
Author(s):  
Qi Wang Huang ◽  
Xiao Bo Li ◽  
Qun Li ◽  
Yi Fan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Line Method ◽  
Simulation Results

The efficiency of continuous reconnaissance of UAV formation will be changed with the number of UAVs, the detectability of UAV and target strength. The crossing line method is used to evaluate the efficiency of continuous reconnaissance of UAV formation. In this paper, the reconnaissance system of UAV formation in multi-target situation is analyzed using the method of Agent Based Modeling and Simulation (ABMS); and then the influence of the number of UAV, the detectability of UAV and target strength on reconnaissance effectiveness is also analyzed. Simulation results show that the number of UAVs and the detectability of UAV have a significant influence on the capability of continuous reconnaissance.

VALIDATION AND AGENT-BASED MODELING: A PRACTICE OF CONTRASTING SIMULATION RESULTS WITH EMPIRICAL DATA

2011 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 515-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK C. S. LIU
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Perfect Matching ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Simulation Results

As an emerging approach to explore the dynamics of voter preference, agent-based modeling (ABM) highlights new opportunities for intellectual exchange across disciplines, such as mathematics, political science, communication studies, and computer science. By aiming to contribute to cross-disciplinary communication for a better application of this approach, this paper summarizes what scholars have done about internal and external validation and presents a comparison between statistical analysis based on datasets generated in a laboratory and analysis based on corresponding empirical datasets. The results of the comparison suggest that, although there is no perfect matching, the comparison reveals some similarities in terms of increase or decrease in the proportion of different types of agents. This result further implies that an internally valid ABM model may lead to a certain level of external validity.

scholarly journals Estimated Time to Restoration of Hurricane Sandy in a Future Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6502
Author(s):  
Tara C. Walsh ◽  
David W. Wanik ◽  
Emmanouil N. Anagnostou ◽  
Jonathan E. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Power outage restoration following extreme storms is a complicated process that couples engineering processes and human decisions. Emergency managers typically rely on past experiences and have limited access to computer simulations to aid in decision-making. Climate scientists predict that although hurricane frequency may decrease, the intensity of storms may increase. Increased damage from hurricanes will result in new restoration challenges that emergency managers may not have experience solving. Our study uses agent-based modeling (ABM) to determine how restoration might have been impacted for 30 different scenarios of Hurricane Sandy for a climate in 2112 (Sandy2112). These Sandy2112 scenarios were obtained from a previous study that modeled how outages from Hurricane Sandy in 2012 might have been affected in the future as climate change intensified both wind and precipitation hazards. As the number of outages increases, so does the expected estimated time to restoration for each storm. The impact of increasing crews is also studied to determine the relationship between the number of crews and outage durations (or restoration curves). Both the number of outages and the number of crews impact the variability in time to restoration. Our results can help emergency managers and policy makers plan for future hurricanes that are likely to become stronger and more impactful to critical infrastructure.

scholarly journals Agent-based Modeling and Simulation for Evacuation of Landslides Natural Disaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Afta Ramadhan Zayn ◽  
Fatwa Ramdani ◽  
Fitra Abdurrachman Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Agent Technology ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Negative Impacts

Landslides are natural disasters that pose a threat which is quite high in the area of Batu, East Java, Indonesia. The occurrence of landslides has a negative impact on environmental damage and even fatalities. These impacts can arise due to a lack of planning in disaster management preparedness. Therefore better planning is needed to minimize the negative impacts that arise. Improvement of planning can be done by conducting evacuation simulations. However, the existing evacuation simulation is still static with one scenario that is done repeatedly. Therefore, a more dynamic evacuation simulation is needed to represent the various parties involved in it and to apply various scenarios. Such dynamic simulations can be facilitated using agent technology. Agents can describe autonomous behaviour and can communicate in their environment to achieve a goal. Apply the capabilities of these agents by modelling and simulating the evacuation process can provide an illustration for a more dynamic process of landslide evacuation. This research presents an agent-based landslide evacuation model and the simulation results from this model. The results are concerned that, by using agent technology can apply simulations with various conditions. So with these results can be used as a reference in the handling of natural disasters that occur landslides.

scholarly journals Unfixed Movement Route Model, Non-Overcrowding and Social Distancing Reduce the Spread of COVID-19 in Sporting Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8212
Author(s):  
Bote Qi ◽  
Jingwang Tan ◽  
Qingwen Zhang ◽  
Meng Cao ◽  
Xingxiong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Sports Facilities ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Simulation Results

Localized outbreaks of COVID-19 have been reported in sporting facilities. This study used the Agent-based Modeling (ABM) method to analyze the transmission rate of COVID-19 in different sporting models, sporting spaces per capita, and situations of gathering, which contributes to understanding how COVID-19 transmits in sports facilities. The simulation results show that the transmission rate of COVID-19 was higher under the Fixed Movement Route (FMR) than under the Unfixed Movement Route (UMR) in 10 different sporting spaces per capita (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 m2) (p = 0.000). For both FMR and UMR, the larger the sporting space per capita, the lower the virus transmission rate. Additionally, when the sporting space per capita increases from 4 m2 to 5 m2, the virus transmission rate decreases most significantly (p = 0.000). In the FMR model with a per capita sporting space of 5 m2, minimizing gathering (no more than three people) could significantly slow down the transmission rate of the COVID-19 virus (p < 0.05). This study concluded that: (1) The UMR model is suggested in training facilities or playing grounds; (2) The sporting space should be non-overcrowding, and it is recommended that the sporting space per capita in the sporting grounds should not be less than 5 m2; (3) It is important to maintain safe social distancing and minimize gathering (no more than three people) when exercising.

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