Skilled Human Resources in the Health Sectors and Impacts of New Health Technologies on Health Workforce in Developing Economies

2013 ◽  
pp. 23-50
Author(s):  
Ahmed Driouchi
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
New Instruments

This chapter focuses on the importance of human health resources in relation to current and future trends in health. It is based on a syntheses of reports, publications, and economic development processes related to the increasing needs for skilled human resources in health systems that are under both high demand and also under the requirements of new health technologies. A special emphasis is placed on developing countries where a series of constraints could lead to limits in providing access to health care and a shortage of skilled labor. The human resources related risks at both levels of developed and developing economies are also discussed even though emergent and developed countries have generated new instruments to limit the negative effects of these constraints. Finally, if the expansion of access to new health technologies could be achieved within the world global health system framework, requirements of increasingly needed human resources and skills are shown.

Skilled Human Resources in the Health Sectors and Impacts of New Health Technologies on Health Workforce in Developing Economies

2016 ◽  
pp. 2230-2256
Author(s):  
Ahmed Driouchi
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
New Instruments

This chapter focuses on the importance of human health resources in relation to current and future trends in health. It is based on a syntheses of reports, publications, and economic development processes related to the increasing needs for skilled human resources in health systems that are under both high demand and also under the requirements of new health technologies. A special emphasis is placed on developing countries where a series of constraints could lead to limits in providing access to health care and a shortage of skilled labor. The human resources related risks at both levels of developed and developing economies are also discussed even though emergent and developed countries have generated new instruments to limit the negative effects of these constraints. Finally, if the expansion of access to new health technologies could be achieved within the world global health system framework, requirements of increasingly needed human resources and skills are shown.

Market Pitfalls and Economics of New Health Technologies in Developing Economies

2012 ◽  
pp. 377-394
Author(s):  
Ahmed Driouchi ◽  
Karim Malki ◽  
Nada Zouag
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Economics Of Health ◽  
New Instruments ◽  
Health System Framework

The objective of this chapter is to provide evidence on “how” market processes are not fully helping developing economies benefit from new health technologies. This is achieved based on publications related to economics of health and impacts of new technologies. Patenting, anti-commons tragedy, neglected health hazards, risks, and limited research constitute the major sources of market pitfalls discussed in this chapter. A special emphasis is placed on developing countries where a series of pitfalls lead to market failures that affect access to new technologies and thus to better health systems. The related risks at both levels of developed and developing economies are discussed even though emergent and developed countries have generated new instruments to limit the negative effects of these constraints. Examples and cases are used to illustrate the pitfalls and the on-going continuing emergence of old diseases, among others. Finally, the expansion of access to new health technologies is suggested to be achieved within the world global health system framework with a more active involvement of countries.

Prune-belly syndrome in Africa: An analysis and systematic review of cases, etiology, treatment, and outcomes

2020 ◽  
pp. 205141582090319
Author(s):  
Kerri Keet ◽  
Brandon Michael Henry ◽  
R Shane Tubbs
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Prune Belly Syndrome ◽  
Associated Anomalies ◽  
Prune Belly ◽  
Access To Health

Background: Prune-belly syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a spectrum of three anomalies: bilateral undescended testes, dilated urinary tract, and anterior abdominal muscle deficiency. Objectives: In developing countries, inadequate access to health care may affect treatment and outcomes of prune-belly syndrome. This study’s goal was to review the anatomical features, etiology, genetics, management, and outcomes of cases in Africa. Methods: PubMed was searched to identify case reports and case studies describing prune-belly syndrome in Africa. Data collected from each study included the number of cases, age at diagnosis, sex, description of the abdominal muscles, testes, and urinary tract, as well as associated anomalies, management, and long-term outcomes. Results: A total of 16 publications that reported 58 cases in African countries were included. The prevalence of female patients (15.5%) was higher than in developed countries (3%). The abdominal muscles were deficient in all cases, and bilateral cryptorchidism was present in nearly all males (96%). Distension of the bladder was common, with normal anatomy reported in only one case. Bilateral hydroureters and hydronephrosis also were present in the majority of cases. Only six cases (10.3%) had no associated anomalies, such as musculoskeletal or cardiovascular. Karyotyping was performed in only three cases (5.2%) because of limited hospital facilities. Six parents (10.3%) declined treatment for their children, 12 cases (20.7%) were managed conservatively, and 25 (43.1%) received surgical intervention. Patients’ mortality rate was higher than in developed countries. Conclusion: Diagnosis and treatment of prune-belly syndrome remains a challenge in Africa, in which multiple factors, such as access to health care and cultural beliefs, affect mortality rates and outcomes. Patient education and support groups may improve compliance with treatment. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicenter audit.

scholarly journals Improvement of Equality in the Distribution of Human Resources in Polish Healthcare

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Rój
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Gini Coefficients

Human resources are the major input of health systems therefore the equitable distribution of human resources in health care remain critical in making progress towards the goal of universal health coverage and thus to sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the health care human resources distribution across regions of Poland between 2010 and 2017 and estimate the level of equity. This research by applying to Polish conditions will allow to fill in the gap in existing literature. Data was derived from the Knowledge Database Health and Health Care of Statistic Poland and Polish Statistical Yearbook. In purpose to examine the distribution of health resources against population size and geographic size in Poland, the Gini coefficient calculated based on the Lorenz Curve was engaged. This study has several major findings. The amount of most types of human resources – as apart from internist, obstetrics and gynecology, occupational medicine - when expressed as number of them per 10,000 population or 1 square km increased in 2017 compared to 2010. Moreover, for most types of health care human resources the level of access slightly changed during analysied period as Gini coefficients decreased. However, the geographical distribution of all types of human resources is less equitable then in case of population distribution. The most troublesome is relatively lower equity in case of oncologist, family medicine and occupational medicine and cardiologist in both population and geographical distribution. Thus this research provides some implications for policy and practice. As the main reason to establish National Health Fund (which meant the centralization of the system) in Poland was to to eliminate regional differences in access to health care, thus this research confirms that still some more corrective actions, in this field, should be undertaken.

A Nation of Uninsured Immigrants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Illingworth ◽  
Wendy E. Parmet
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Benefits ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Treat All ◽  
Care System

The United States is unique among developed countries in not providing health insurance to all of its citizens. But newcomers, both legal and undocumented, are far more likely to be uninsured than natives. This chapter reviews US law, including the Affordable Care Act, regarding immigrants’ access to health insurance, exposing the conflicting and inconsistent policies towards including immigrants within the nation’s health care system. These policies not only reduce immigrants’ access to health care, they add significant complexity to the US health care system, and create a range of health and economic costs to immigrants and natives alike. The chapter focuses in particular on the practice of medical repatriation, whereby hospitals send seriously ill immigrants to their countries of origin, explaining how the conflicting edicts of US health law encourage the practice by requiring hospitals to treat all emergency patients regardless of citizenship or insurance status, while denying many immigrants public benefits for nonemergency care.

scholarly journals Women and COVID-19: reflections for a sexual and reproductive rights-based obstetric care

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Braz de Oliveira Paes ◽  
Natália Rejane Salim ◽  
Natália Sevilha Stofel ◽  
Márcia Regina Cangiani Fabbro
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Rights ◽  
Childbirth Care

ABSTRACT Objective: This essay aims to reflect on the repercussions of the pandemic in obstetric care in the light of sexual and reproductive rights, focusing on delivery and birth care. Results: The reflection shows that the pandemic has accentuated the violation of these rights, which is evidenced by racial inequalities in maternal mortality, as well as restrictions and interventions in childbirth care without scientific evidence, detour of resources, interruption of services, reduced human resources, shortage of medicines and supplies, and imbalances in the provision of health services. Conclusion: It is concluded obstetric care faces even greater barriers in access to health care, just as the pandemic of COVID-19 highlighted inequities, disproportionately impacting vulnerable populations whose human rights are less protected.

Blood Glucose Disorders and Access to Health Care Services Among Adults Aged 30 to 69 Years in Chi Linh, Hai Duong, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 45S-52S ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Hoang Lan ◽  
Le Tu Hoang ◽  
Nguyen Thuy Linh ◽  
Bui Thi Tu Quyen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glycaemia ◽  
Access To Health

Planning for control of diabetes in Vietnam needs valid information about the burden of diseases in general population. This study employed a cross-sectional design among population aged 30 to 69 years to measure the burden of type 2 diabetes and gaps in access to health care to explore the negative effects of rapid economic growth and urbanization in Chi Linh in recent years. A total of 594 adults were interviewed and had their fasting blood glucose tested. Results indicated that the prevalence of impaired fasting glycaemia was 11.8% and of diabetes was 12.1%. Only 16.8% diabetes cases detected in this study were diagnosed before, indicating a high level of unmet needs for detecting/managing diabetes in Chi Linh population. Significant associated factors with abnormal blood glucose included age and body mass index level. Without effective intervention programs for diabetes control and management, its burden will continue raising in the coming years. Chi Linh need to strengthen the diagnostic/treatment services at primary health care levels to ensure that people at early stage of raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose can be detected and provided with proper management to avoid serious complications, and to reduce hospital overload at central level.

Legal Issues for E-Government in Developing Countries

2011 ◽  
pp. 1154-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Rate Of Evolution ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Effective Use

The development of government online should be seen as an evolutionary process (Morison, 2003). The rate of evolution depends on complex factors (Morison, 2003), including perceived incompatibilities between cultures and technologies, an idealistic preference for self-reliance, and a simple lack of economic or human resources to acquire and utilise the technology. Notwithstanding these causes, effective use of ICTs is biased by race, gender, and location. However, the technologies have been developed to a large extent in and for the cultural and social norms of a small number of developed countries. Although there are global flows of knowledge, skills, and artefacts from the epicenters of e-government in the industrialised world to transitional and developing economies, these flows are more unidirectional transfers than bidirectional exchanges (Minogue, 2001). This article attempts to provide a cognitive map of two of the major issues. First, it provides an overview of the legal issues related to e-government from the perspective of developing countries, and second, it critically examines how far technology leapfrogging could serve as an alternative pathway toward development of e-government in developing countries.

Health Care Reform and the Health of Performing Artists in the US

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
Ralph A Manchester
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Performing Artists ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Problems

Health care in the United States is beset by three critical problems: cost, quality, and coverage. We have by far the most expensive health care in the world, spending about 17% of our Gross Domestic Product, or over $7,000/person; most other developed countries spend about 8 to 10% of their GDP on health care.1 Despite spending that much money, the health status of Americans is far from the best in the world, whether one looks at infant mortality,2 life expectancy,3 or survival among people with various diseases. 4 Underlying both problems is the fact that over 15% of the US population does not have health insurance,5 which means they do not have access to health care when it can be delivered most effectively at the lowest cost. While this should be of great concern to anyone who lives in this country, those of us who are invested in the health of performing artists should be especially interested in this issue. For a variety of reasons, performing artists are probably more likely to lack health insurance than is the case for the population at large.

scholarly journals Right to Health of Female Prisoners: A Critical Analysis of KP Prison Act in the Light of International Human Rights Law

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Sana Zakir ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel Khan ◽  
Sumayya Feroz
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Multiple Issues

The paper explores the study of female prisoners who are facing multiple issues regarding health by taking into consideration the rights given to them under international law and how far those rights are available to them within local laws. The miserable conditions of prisoners around the world need no elaborations, particularly in less developed countries are taken into account; it speaks volumes of human right violations. Reviews on the conditions of female prisoners across the globe and how incarceration affects their health is being discussed with special reference to Mandela and Bangkok Rules passed by the United Nations. The study addresses an understanding of whether the available legislative framework in the form of KP prison Act 1894 in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa safeguards the rights of access to health care for female prisoners or not. In the end, various suggestions and strategies are given to make a step forward in resolving this issue.

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