Ethos, Pathos, and Logos of Doing Business Abroad

2014 ◽  
pp. 255-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Tran
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
Radical Innovation ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Fifth Dimension ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Marketing Activities

Marketing, by definition, is the performance of business activities of directing the flow of products and services from producer to consumer. By definition, international marketing is the performance of marketing activities across two or more countries. Transcultural marketing, by definition, is the performance of business activities of directing the flow of products and services from producer to consumer across two or more countries’ core ethos, pathos, and logos. The root of all countries’ core ethos, pathos, and logos is its culture. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze transcultural marketing for incremental and radical innovation based on the key factor of culture in transcultural. As such, Geert Hofstede’s five dimensions of national culture are utilized and analyzed in relation to transcultural marketing. Hofstede’s fifth dimension is long-term orientation (and) is the most difficult because it is the newest of the dimensions and the least familiar to Western researchers.

Ethos, Pathos, and Logos of Doing Business Abroad

2016 ◽  
pp. 1601-1626
Author(s):  
Ben Tran
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
Radical Innovation ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Fifth Dimension ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Marketing Activities

Marketing, by definition, is the performance of business activities of directing the flow of products and services from producer to consumer. By definition, international marketing is the performance of marketing activities across two or more countries. Transcultural marketing, by definition, is the performance of business activities of directing the flow of products and services from producer to consumer across two or more countries' core ethos, pathos, and logos. The root of all countries' core ethos, pathos, and logos is its culture. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze transcultural marketing for incremental and radical innovation based on the key factor of culture in transcultural. As such, Geert Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture are utilized and analyzed in relation to transcultural marketing. Hofstede's fifth dimension is long-term orientation (and) is the most difficult because it is the newest of the dimensions and the least familiar to Western researchers.

Gender Differences in Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Among a Kuwaiti Sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S503-S504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. AlAnezi ◽  
B. Alansari
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha

IntroductionHofstede's model of cultural dimensions has become the most widely accepted and most frequently cited model for cross-cultural research. His cultural dimensions included power distance index (PDI), individualism vs. collectivism (IDV), masculinity vs. femininity (MAS), uncertainty avoidance index (UAI), and long-term vs. short-term orientation (LTO).ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to explore gender related differences in the Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture for work-related values among a sample from Kuwait.MethodsThe participants were 540 first year secondary school Kuwaiti teachers (270 males: mean age = 28.95 ± 2.47; 270 females: mean age = 28.20 ± 2.04). The Arabic version of the Values Survey Module, VSM 08 was administered to participants. Data analysis include independent sample t-test was used to examine gender differences in Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture.ResultsInternal consistency was satisfactory for the Power Distance, Individualism vs. Collectivism, Masculinity vs. Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Long-term vs. Short-term Orientation subscales respectively (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82, 0.84, 0.90, 0.74, 0.87) for males and (Cronbach's alpha = 0.77, 0.90, 0.83, 0.80, 0.88) for females. The results revealed significant gender differences where the males obtained a higher score than females on individualism (t = 2.95, P < 0.002), and masculinity (t = 2.77, P < 0.005), while females obtained a higher score than males on power distance (t = 4.48, P < 0.000), and long-term orientation (t = 4.13, P < 0.000).ConclusionThese findings suggest that the gender differences exist for cultural dimensions, and provide insight on leadership characteristics.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Professional Commitment And Whistleblowing Intention: The Role Of National Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Rustiarini ◽  
Anik Yuesti ◽  
Ni Putu Shinta Dewi
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Professional Commitment ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Whistleblowing Intention

This study aims to identify the effect of professional commitment on whistleblowing intentions. This study also analyzes the role of Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture as moderating variable, including power distance, collectivism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation. This study used a survey method. The primary data collection was through a questionnaire distributed to 92 auditors in accounting firms in Bali Province. The result shows that professional commitment positively affects whistleblowing intention. The moderating variable's roles are power distance and collectivism's culture weaken professional commitment and whistleblowing intention relationship. Two other cultures, namely masculinity and a long-term orientation, are proven to strengthen the relationship between professional commitment and whistleblowing intention. Contrary, uncertainty avoidance culture has no significant effect. Theoretically, this study confirms the role of the national culture in the auditing context. This result practically adds insight to regulators and accounting firm leaders in formulating regulations regarding the appropriate whistleblowing system for organizations. There are two limitations. First, this study uses a survey method. This method allows for social desirability bias for sensitive variables, such as whistleblowing. This study also uses the national culture popularized by Hofstede about forty years ago. Thus, further research might use other popular models.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Carbon Disclosure Project Scores and Global 500 Companies: A Perspective From National Culture

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110145
Author(s):  
Sadiye Oktay ◽  
Serdar Bozkurt ◽  
Kübra Yazıcı
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Carbon Disclosure Project ◽  
The Social ◽  
Security Values ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to examine the relationship between voluntary carbon disclosures and national cultures of Global 500 companies that direct the world economy. The research is essential in terms of showing the results of the Paris agreement, which is considered to have an impact on climate change, one of the most outstanding variables affecting sustainability, in the national context. Our study is one of the few on the sustainability theories (stakeholder, legitimacy, signaling, and system) and the relationship between carbon disclosures and the context of national culture both. As a consequence of this research, the relationships between Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) data and the national culture to which Global 500 companies belong were determined. In this context, CDP climate scores also differ in five dimensions (uncertainty avoidance, individualism, power distance, long-term orientation, indulgence) other than Hofstede’s masculinity dimension. CDP’s water security values differ only in the social aspect to avoid uncertainty. Also, we find that the Paris agreement makes a difference in carbon disclosures.

A Reconsideration of Hofstede’s Fifth Dimension: New Flexibility Versus Monumentalism Data From 54 Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Minkov ◽  
Michael H. Bond ◽  
Pinaki Dutt ◽  
Michael Schachner ◽  
Oswaldo Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Fifth Dimension ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Self Consistency ◽  
East West ◽  
Better Than

Hofstede’s “long-term orientation” (LTO) may be one of the most important dimensions of national culture, as it highlights differences on a continuum from East Asia to Africa and Latin America, strongly associated with differences in educational achievement. However, LTO’s structure lacks theoretical coherence. We show that a statistically similar, and theoretically more focused and coherent, dimension of national culture, called “flexibility versus monumentalism,” or vice versa, can be extracted from national differences in self-enhancement and self-stability or self-consistency, as well as a willingness to help people. Using data from nearly 53,000 respondents recruited probabilistically from 54 countries, we provide a new national flexibility-versus-monumentalism index that measures key cultural differences on the world’s East–West geographic axis and predicts educational achievement better than LTO or any other known dimension of national culture.

scholarly journals Developing a Service Culture

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Simon Hudson ◽  
Louise Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Customer Expectations ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Difference

Service quality has been increasingly identified as a key factor in differentiating service products and building a competitive advantage in tourism. The process by which customers evaluate a purchase, thereby determining satisfaction and likelihood of repurchase, is important to all marketers, but especially to services marketers because, unlike their manufacturing counterparts, they have fewer objective measures of quality by which to judge their production. Service quality can be defined as customers’ perceptions of the service component of a product, and these perceptions are said to be based on five dimensions: reliability, assurance, empathy, responsiveness, and tangibles (Parasuraman et al., 1988). Many researchers believe that an outgrowth of service quality is customer satisfaction, measured as the difference between the service that a customer expects and the perceived quality of what is actually delivered (Reichheld & Sasser, 1990). Satisfying customers has always been a key component of the tourism industry, but never before has it been so critical. In these uncertain times, and with increased competition, knowing how to win and keep customers is the single most important business skill that anyone can learn. Customer satisfaction and loyalty are the keys to long-term profitability, and keeping the customer happy is everybody’s business. Becoming customer-centered and exceeding customer expectations are requirements for business success. Well-publicized research shows that companies can increase profits from 25 to 85 per cent by retaining just five per cent more of their customers (Reichheld & Sasser, 1990), and research indicates that merely ‘satisfying’ customers is no longer enough to ensure loyalty (Heskett et al., 1997). This means that it is not enough just to please customers. Each customer should become so delighted with all elements of their association with an organization that buying from someone else is unthinkable.

Attachment of oral bacteria to titanium surfaces: An SEM study

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
J. E. Laffoon ◽  
R. L. Anderson ◽  
J. C. Keller ◽  
C. D. Wu-Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Technical Problem ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Titanium Surfaces

Titanium (Ti) dental implants have been used widely for many years. Long term implant failures are related, in part, to the development of peri-implantitis frequently associated with bacteria. Bacterial adherence and colonization have been considered a key factor in the pathogenesis of many biomaterial based infections. Without the initial attachment of oral bacteria to Ti-implant surfaces, subsequent polymicrobial accumulation and colonization leading to peri-implant disease cannot occur. The overall goal of this study is to examine the implant-oral bacterial interfaces and gain a greater understanding of their attachment characteristics and mechanisms. Since the detailed cell surface ultrastructure involved in attachment is only discernible at the electron microscopy level, the study is complicated by the technical problem of obtaining titanium implant and attached bacterial cells in the same ultra-thin sections. In this study, a technique was developed to facilitate the study of Ti implant-bacteria interface.Discs of polymerized Spurr’s resin (12 mm x 5 mm) were formed to a thickness of approximately 3 mm using an EM block holder (Fig. 1). Titanium was then deposited by vacuum deposition to a film thickness of 300Å (Fig. 2).

Designing a CRM Framework for online & offline sports footwear retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cueva ◽  
Guillem Rufian ◽  
Maria Gabriela Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

The use of Customer Relationship Managers to foster customers loyalty has become one of the most common business strategies in the past years.  However, CRM solutions do not fill the abundance of happily ever-after relationships that business needs, and each client’s perception is different in the buying process.  Therefore, the experience must be precise, in order to extend the loyalty period of a customer as much as possible. One of the economic sectors in which CRM’s have improved this experience is retailing, where the personalized attention to the customer is a key factor.  However, brick and mortar experiences are not enough to be aware in how environmental changes could affect the industry trends in the long term.  A base unified theoretical framework must be taken into consideration, in order to develop an adaptable model for constructing or implementing CRMs into companies. Thanks to this approximation, the information is complemented, and the outcome will increment the quality in any Marketing/Sales initiative. The goal of this article is to explore the different factors grouped by three main domains within the impact of service quality, from a consumer’s perspective, in both on-line and off-line retailing sector.  Secondly, we plan to go a step further and extract base guidelines about previous analysis for designing CRM’s solutions focused on the loyalty of the customers for a specific retailing sector and its product: Sports Running Shoes.

Marketing For Sustainability: A Conceptual Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Pankaj Jain
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Green Marketing ◽  
Marketing Social ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Marketing Principles

This paper is an attempt to put forward a roadmap to attain sustainable marketing through social marketing, green marketing and critical marketing. Social Marketing is an approach to decide the marketing strategies and activities keeping society’s long term welfare in the mind. Social and ethical concerns are at the centre of social marketing. Green Marketing is an approach to develop and market environmentally safer products and services in and introducing sustainability efforts in various marketing and business processes. At last, Critical Marketing is an approach that calls for analyzing marketing principles, techniques and theory using a critical theory based approach. This approach helps in regulating and controlling marketing activities with a focus on sustainability as it challenges and questions the existing capitalist and marketing systems so as to achieve a more sustainable marketing system.

scholarly journals The Comparative Study of Cultural Differences of Slovak Inbound Tourists: A Need of Innovations

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 373-383
Author(s):  
Iveta Fodranová ◽  
Viera Kubičková
Keyword(s):  
Power Distance ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Linguistic Group ◽  
Slovak Population ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The Comparative Study

Abstract The aim of this article was to identify the cause of the negative attitude of Slovak population towards visitors by comparing the differences in national cultures on six primary Hofstede’s dimensions: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation and indulgence and provide comparison with Slovakia. The results revealed high score on power distance and masculinity. The high score of this two dimensions′ correlates with elements of expressions of superiority and negatively affects not only the way of communication between people from the same cultural and linguistic group, but also with individuals that come from a different cultural environment. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop a smarter marketing approach - strive for innovation and unique marketing activities for a more efficient communication.

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