scholarly journals The Comparative Study of Cultural Differences of Slovak Inbound Tourists: A Need of Innovations

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 373-383
Author(s):  
Iveta Fodranová ◽  
Viera Kubičková
Keyword(s):  
Power Distance ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Linguistic Group ◽  
Slovak Population ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The Comparative Study

Abstract The aim of this article was to identify the cause of the negative attitude of Slovak population towards visitors by comparing the differences in national cultures on six primary Hofstede’s dimensions: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation and indulgence and provide comparison with Slovakia. The results revealed high score on power distance and masculinity. The high score of this two dimensions′ correlates with elements of expressions of superiority and negatively affects not only the way of communication between people from the same cultural and linguistic group, but also with individuals that come from a different cultural environment. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop a smarter marketing approach - strive for innovation and unique marketing activities for a more efficient communication.

How do national cultures impact the operations strategy process?

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1937-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Lee Park ◽  
Ely Laureano Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Operations Strategy ◽  
Manufacturing Strategy ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Aspects

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the extent to which different patterns of cross-functional integration and the operations strategy (OS) process may be explained by national cultures differences.Design/methodology/approachPerceptual survey data from 105 manufacturing plants in four countries were used to validate the constructs and to test the hypotheses. The plants are located in two Western and two Eastern countries with different industrialization and development backgrounds (Brazil, China, Germany and South Korea). CFA validated the constructs, and ANOVA andt-tests evaluated the differences between levels of four Hofstede’s elements (i.e. power distance, individualism vs collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and long-term vs short-term orientation) on the OS process enablers (i.e. leadership for cross-functional integration and functional integration) and elements (i.e. manufacturing strategy linkage to corporate strategy and formulation of manufacturing strategy).FindingsResults suggest that different OS and OM processes are present in different national cultures. Leadership for cross-functional integration and manufacturing strategy linkage to corporate strategy differ between levels of power distance, individualism vs collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. Functional integration and formulation of manufacturing strategy also present differences according to the degree of individualism vs collectivism and long-term orientation.Originality/valueResults indicate that national culture is a key aspect for the OS process. Prior studies usually do not consider cultural aspects. Therefore, the OS process varies in different countries and contexts. Managers need to adjust their OS process when they are developing a global OS.

scholarly journals Culture and profitability: empirical evidence at a European level

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 580-588
Author(s):  
Maria Manuela Martins ◽  
Ilídio Tomás Lopes
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Lower Uncertainty

Organizational cultures distinguish different organizations within the same country or countries. When comparing the organizations within the same country differences in national cultures are not relevant but become relevant in comparison between different countries. This paper intends to evidence whether the profitability of companies can be influenced by the national culture. In order to characterize the culture of each country, we used the Hofstede measure of cultural dimensions (1. Power Distance (PDI); 2. Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI); 3. Individualism (IDV); 4. Masculinity (MAS); 5. Long-Term Orientation (LTO); and 6. Indulgence vs Restraint (IND)). Sample was based on the 500 largest European companies rated by the Financial Times 2015. Profitability was measured by the ratios Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Statistical tests were performed to test whether the means of the variables used to measure profitability are statistically equal. The results indicate that companies with higher profitability are from countries with lower Power Distance, lower Uncertainty Avoidance, Long-Term Orientation, and Higher Indulgence

scholarly journals Reinforcement of Brands Inspired by Faith with the Paradox of Cultural Divergence in Indian FMCG Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
P. Baba Gnanakumar
Keyword(s):  
Power Distance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Art Of Living ◽  
Cause Related Marketing ◽  
Fast Moving Consumer Goods ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Social Endorsement

Self-esteem values, with the new art of living, in the minds of Indians, lead to establish faith among the spiritual organization. Later on, the spiritual organization branded their names and market the products in their branded name. These brands, which are inspired by faith and created by Indian spiritual gurus have even disrupted the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) market by being customer-centric instead of being geared by lucrative returns. It is in this context this research is motivated: to find the cultural divergence factors that lead to change the consumption pattern of FMCG and how Indian spiritual gurus are segmenting the market. The research concludes that cultural divergence variables such as power distance, collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation influence the brands that are inspired by faith. Spiritual gurus in India are using sociocultural marketing activities such as social endorsement and cause-related marketing strategies for segmenting the markets.

Brand and firm values in distinct national cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1737-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Chowdhury ◽  
Wootae Chun ◽  
Sungchul Choi ◽  
Kurtis Friend
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Values ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe objective of this article is to investigate the moderating role of national cultures in the relationship between brand value and firm value.Design/methodology/approachThis article examines the topic in the context of different national cultural attributes, including individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, power distance, and long-term orientation. We use brand values of the Financial Times Global 500 companies and national cultural values reported by Hofstede, GLOBE, and Schwartz.FindingsResults exhibit that brands are more value-additive to companies in highly individualistic cultures. Furthermore, a valuable brand contributes more to firm value in countries with low uncertainty avoidance, high masculine, low power distance, and short-term oriented cultures.Originality/valueThe evidence suggests that while a valuable brand contributes to firm value, the level of its effect on firm value varies by national cultures.

Marketing For Sustainability: A Conceptual Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Pankaj Jain
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Green Marketing ◽  
Marketing Social ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Marketing Principles

This paper is an attempt to put forward a roadmap to attain sustainable marketing through social marketing, green marketing and critical marketing. Social Marketing is an approach to decide the marketing strategies and activities keeping society’s long term welfare in the mind. Social and ethical concerns are at the centre of social marketing. Green Marketing is an approach to develop and market environmentally safer products and services in and introducing sustainability efforts in various marketing and business processes. At last, Critical Marketing is an approach that calls for analyzing marketing principles, techniques and theory using a critical theory based approach. This approach helps in regulating and controlling marketing activities with a focus on sustainability as it challenges and questions the existing capitalist and marketing systems so as to achieve a more sustainable marketing system.

scholarly journals The Return of Large Carnivores and Extensive Farming Systems: A Review of Stakeholders’ Perception at an EU Level

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735
Author(s):  
Marcello Franchini ◽  
Mirco Corazzin ◽  
Stefano Bovolenta ◽  
Stefano Filacorda
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Large Carnivore ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Extensive Farming ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Conflicts between large carnivores and human activities undermine both the maintenance of livestock practices as well as the conservation of carnivores across Europe. Because large carnivore management is driven by a common EU policy, the purpose of this research was to assess stakeholders’ perception towards bears and wolves at an EU level. We conducted a systematic search and subsequent analysis of 40 peer-reviewed studies collected from 1990 to September 2020 within Member States of the EU. Rural inhabitants and hunters exhibited the most negative attitude compared to urban inhabitants and conservationists, whose attitude was more positive. We showed that direct experience with predators as a consequence of ongoing re-colonization may have affected the degree of acceptance of certain categories and that the long-term coexistence between humans and carnivores does not necessarily imply increased tolerance. To encourage coexistence, we recommend monitoring changes in attitudes over time relative to carnivore population dynamics.

scholarly journals Three faces of the online leftists: An exploratory study based on case observations and big-data analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-101
Author(s):  
Yong Gui ◽  
Ronggui Huang ◽  
Yi Ding
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
Method Approach

Left-leaning social thoughts are not a unitary and coherent theoretical system, and leftists can be divided into divergent groups. Based on inductive qualitative observations, this article proposes a theoretical typology of two dimensions of theoretical resources and position orientations to describe left-wing social thoughts communicated in online space. Empirically, we used a mixed approach, an integration of case observations and big-data analyses of Weibo tweets, to investigate three types of left-leaning social thoughts. The identified left-leaning social thoughts include state-centered leftism, populist leftism, and liberal leftism, which are consistent with the proposed theoretical typology. State-centered leftism features strong support of the state and the current regime and a negative attitude toward the West, populist leftism is characterized by unequivocal affirmation of the revolutionary legacy and support for disadvantaged grassroots, and liberal leftism harbors a grassroots position and a decided affirmation of individual rights. In addition, we used supervised machine learning and social network analysis techniques to identify online communities that harbor the afore-mentioned left-leaning social thoughts and analyzed the interaction patterns within and across communities as well as the evolutions of community structures. We found that during the study period of 2012–2014, the liberal leftists gradually declined and the corresponding communities dissolved; the interactions between populist leftists and state-centered leftists intensified, and the ideational cleavage between these two camps increased the online confrontations. This article demonstrates that the mixed method approach of integrating traditional methods with big-data analytics has enormous potential in the sub-discipline of digital sociology.

Corporate hypocrisy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Alfonso Garzón Castrillón
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Moral Hypocrisy ◽  
Brand Reputation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Temporal Direction ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Made In

This review article aimed to contribute to the understanding of the importance of coherence between saying and acting to prevent companies from being perceived from the perspective of business hypocrisy and affecting the brand, reputation, trust and credibility in the company. It was carried out based on the Methodi Ordinatio, addressing its theoretical origins and then approaching the concept, later venturing into the different studies that have approached it from corporate social responsibility (CSR), ethics; reputation, interest groups (stakeholders), and communication, subsequently in relation to the consequences that it generates in world-known organizations, their statements and the criticism made, subsequently an analysis of three aspects or facets is made in which it is presented namely: moral hypocrisy; behavioral hypocrisy and how to attribute business hypocrisy, the next point presents a typology that involves two dimensions: an orientation that refers to the attention span, in the short and long term of participants when making or responding to accusations of hypocrisy and a temporal direction, which refers to the point of comparison, past or future, finally reaches some conclusions, and some practical implications.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN DALAM PERSAINGAN DESTINASI PARIWISATA

Pringgitan ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhartapa Suhartapa
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Marketing Program ◽  
Marketing Function ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Selling Process ◽  
Target Markets

Tourism destination marketing activities begin by selecting target markets, and these activities are referred to as the segmenting and targeting process. Meanwhile, activities to acquire, maintain and develop target markets are called the selling process. And the last thing is creating, delivering and communicating the destination offering is called the positioning process. The process of tourism activities can be in the form of long-term decisions or strategic levels which include the branding, segmenting, targeting, selling and positioning processes. Meanwhile, the short-term activity process or the tactical level is usually called a marketing program in the form of various maneuvers so that the predetermined marketing strategy can run well. Meanwhile, tactical activities, which are usually called marketing programs, are short-term processes aimed at making the marketing strategy run as determined. Activities that are tactical in this marketing program are decisions about the marketing mix. Competition for tourism destinations can be carried out through strategies that optimize the functions of tourism destinations. Like other industries, the function of a tourism destination can be in the form of an operational function and a marketing function. Keywords: Marketing Strategy, Competitive Strategy, Tourism Destination

Emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial intentions: an exploratory meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Miao ◽  
Ronald H. Humphrey ◽  
Shanshan Qian ◽  
Jeffrey M. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Meta Analyses

Purpose The topic of entrepreneurial intention, which refers to a person’s degree of interest in creating a new business venture, has received close scrutiny in the entrepreneurship literature. The empirical results regarding the relation between emotional intelligence (EI) and entrepreneurial intention were nevertheless mixed across studies. Based on fit theory and trait activation theory, the purpose of this paper is to explain the fundamental reason for the mixed findings in the extant literature thus far. Design/methodology/approach Random-effects meta-analyses, based on 12 studies (along with 12 effect sizes), were performed to not only investigate the overall relation between EI and entrepreneurial intention but also to examine the moderators (i.e. individualism (vs collectivism), masculinity (vs femininity), power distance, long-term orientation (vs short-term orientation), uncertainty avoidance, and indulgence (vs restraint)) that influence this relation. Findings The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that EI is positively related to entrepreneurial intention; the positive relationship between EI and entrepreneurial intention is stronger in long-term-oriented cultures; and the positive relationship between EI and entrepreneurial intention does not significantly differ based on a culture’s level of collectivism, masculinity, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and indulgence. Originality/value This meta-analysis advances the current understanding of the relation between EI and entrepreneurial intention from cross-cultural perspectives.

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