Botnets

Recent malicious attempts are intended to get financial benefits through a large pool of compromised hosts, which are called software robots or simply bots. A group of bots, referred to as a botnet, is remotely controllable by a server and can be used for sending spam emails, stealing personal information, and launching DDoS attacks. Growing popularity of botnets compels to find proper countermeasures, but existing defense mechanisms hardly catch up with the speed of botnet technologies. Bots are constantly and automatically changing their signatures to successfully avoid the detection. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the weaknesses of existing defense mechanisms to find the gap and then design new framework of botnet detection that integrates effective approaches. To get a deep insight into the inner-working of botnets and to understand their architecture, the authors analyze some sophisticated sample botnets. In this chapter, they propose a comprehensive botnet analysis and reporting framework that is based on sound theoretical background.

On modeling and simulation of game theory-based defense mechanisms against DoS and DDoS attacks

Proceedings of the 2010 Spring Simulation Multiconference on - SpringSim '10 ◽

10.1145/1878537.1878703 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Qishi Wu ◽

Sajjan Shiva ◽

Sankardas Roy ◽

Charles Ellis ◽

Vivek Datla

Keyword(s):

Game Theory ◽

Modeling And Simulation ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Ddos Attacks

Understanding the disclosure of personal data online

Information and Computer Security ◽

10.1108/ics-10-2020-0168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Heather J. Parker ◽

Stephen Flowerday

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Information Disclosure ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Personal Information ◽

Personal Data ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Content Type ◽

Privacy Violation ◽

The Cost ◽

Purpose Social media has created a new level of interconnected communication. However, the use of online platforms brings about various ways in which a user’s personal data can be put at risk. This study aims to investigate what drives the disclosure of personal information online and whether an increase in awareness of the value of personal information motivates users to safeguard their information. Design/methodology/approach Fourteen university students participated in a mixed-methods experiment, where responses to Likert-type scale items were combined with responses to interview questions to provide insight into the cost–benefit analysis users conduct when disclosing information online. Findings Overall, the findings indicate that users are able to disregard their concerns due to a resigned and apathetic attitude towards privacy. Furthermore, subjective norms enhanced by fear of missing out (FOMO) further allows users to overlook potential risks to their information in order to avoid social isolation and sanction. Alternatively, an increased awareness of the personal value of information and having experienced a previous privacy violation encourage the protection of information and limited disclosure. Originality/value This study provides insight into privacy and information disclosure on social media in South Africa. To the knowledge of the researchers, this is the first study to include a combination of the theory of planned behaviour and the privacy calculus model, together with the antecedent factors of personal valuation of information, trust in the social media provider, FOMO.

Top ten South African companies’ disclosure of materiality determination process and material issues in integrated reports

Journal of Intellectual Capital ◽

10.1108/jic-01-2017-0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 230-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Natasja Steenkamp

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Integrated Reporting ◽

Content Type ◽

Sustainable Performance ◽

Award Winning ◽

Reporting Framework ◽

Determination Process ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop guidelines of what award winning companies, leading practice in integrated reporting (IR) disclose in their integrated reports about material issues and their materiality determination processes. Also, to provide insight into what they disclose about their perception of materiality. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis was conducted to investigate what the top 10 South African companies of the 2015 Ernst and Young Excellence in Integrated Reporting Awards disclosed in their 2014 and 2015 integrated reports about their materiality determination processes, material issues and what materiality means to them. Thematic analyses were conducted in developing guidelines. Findings All except one company applied the International Integrated Reporting Framework. The materiality determination processes, material issues and companies’ descriptions of materiality are diverse. Material issues most companies identified relate to employees, social and environmental issues, customers and sustainable performance. Practical implications The proposed guidelines will provide useful strategies for organisations embarking on the IR journey about what issues could be considered as material and therefore included in integrated reports. It also proposes activities companies can undertake to identify, evaluate and prioritise material issues and execute their materiality determination process. Originality/value This paper is the first to develop guidelines of material matters and materiality determination processes. It also adds to existing literature on IR practice and the application of materiality.

Strategy on the Upward Slope

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198840299.013.30 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 456-473

Author(s):

Joshua Shifrinson

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Grand Strategy ◽

Future Research ◽

Rise Of China ◽

Upward Slope ◽

Grand Strategies ◽

The Rise Of China ◽

Substantial Interest ◽

Insight Into ◽

When a great power rises, what strategies does it adopt and why? Despite substantial interest in these questions due to concerns surrounding the rise of China and concomitant decline of the United States, research on rising state grand strategy remains underdeveloped. Not only do analysts lack a consistent way of describing how risers’ grand strategies vary, but insight into the drivers of rising state strategy remains inchoate. Accordingly, this chapter analyzes existing research, highlights the problems rising states confront in crafting grand strategy, advances a new framework for discussing strategy, and suggests avenues for future research.

Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development - Management Techniques for Employee Engagement in Contemporary Organizations ◽

Employee Engagement

10.4018/978-1-5225-7799-7.ch001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Ashish Gupta ◽

Anushree Tandon ◽

Darshana Barman

Keyword(s):

Organizational Performance ◽

Employee Engagement ◽

Academic Discipline ◽

Competitive Market ◽

Financial Benefits ◽

Modern organizations are moving towards more sustainable models by utilizing the power of employees to attain their objectives. Organizations are engaging their employees in various activities to ensure their level of commitment towards employers. Positive employee engagement has been linked to a growth in terms of organizational performance, financial benefits, and reduced attrition. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the concept of employee engagement in today's competitive market and to know about the various engagement practices adopted by the global leaders. This study is an attempt to address this need by giving a brief insight into the evolution of employee engagement as an academic discipline, the broad approaches adopted to characterize employee engagement, and the resultants dimensions identified through the studies. The authors also attempt to provide an insight into industrial attempts to execute employee engagement initiatives through brief cases.

The Influence of Social Networks on Communication Satisfaction within the Organizations

Handbook of Research on Business Social Networking ◽

10.4018/978-1-61350-168-9.ch029 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 545-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danijela Lalic ◽

Ugljesa Marjanovic ◽

Bojan Lalic

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Information And Communication Technologies ◽

Communication Technologies ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Communication Satisfaction ◽

Communication Management ◽

Communication Processes ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Insight Into ◽

Today, technological achievements that significantly influence communication management are Social Networks in virtual environment. The latest research clearly indicates that this trend is going to last in the future. It is considered as a fact that there are many changes and innovations in the field of information and communication technologies during the past few decades. Development of communication technologies has provided a new framework for organizing corporate communication processes, both internally and externally. Channels for the transfer of relevant information had been faced with huge technological improvement, but fact analysis and former research do not provide insight into specific motivation patterns for usage of Social Networks among employees, nor into their influence on Communication Satisfaction within the organizations.

Harold Garnet Callan. 5 March 1917 — 3 November 1993 Elected FRS 1963

Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society ◽

10.1098/rsbm.2003.0006 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 107-118

Author(s):

Joseph G. Gall

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Air Force ◽

Personal Information ◽

World War ◽

Royal Air Force ◽

Professional Career ◽

The Usa ◽

Chief Interest ◽

The University ◽

With the death of Harold Garnet (‘Mick’) Callan on 3 November 1993, the community of cell biologists lost one of the twentieth century's most profound and colourful students of chromosomes. During his 50-year scientific career the study of chromosomes and genes went from purely descriptive and morphological to deeply analytical and molecular. Steeped by training in the earlier tradition, Callan nevertheless contributed enormously to this revolution with his meticulous studies on the giant chromosomes of amphibians, all the while maintaining that he was a ‘mere cytologist’ on whom much of the molecular analysis was lost. Mick Callan and I were professional colleagues and close personal friends whose careers intersected at many points. We visited and worked in each other's laboratories, we published together, we generated a voluminous correspondence (much of it in the days when letters were handwritten), and our families enjoyed many good times together in Scotland and the USA. My most difficult task in writing this biography has been to extract from the vast amount of public and personal information in my possession those parts of Mick Callan's life and work that will be of chief interest to a broader audience. I have been helped in this by a 30 000-word autobiography written by him near the end of his life, covering the period from his birth in 1917 to the end of World War II in 1945. This account provides considerable insight into the factors that shaped his later professional career and is an engrossing account of the life of a boy in prewar England and a young man at Oxford and in the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the worst days of the war. Callan's autobiography has been deposited in the University library, St Andrews, Scotland.

Lightweight WLCG Sites

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201921407019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 214 ◽

pp. 07019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mayank Sharma ◽

Maarten Litmaath ◽

Eraldo Silva Junior ◽

Renato Santana

Keyword(s):

Grid Services ◽

Management Tools ◽

Batch Systems ◽

Common Interface ◽

Container Orchestration ◽

A Site ◽

Automation Tools ◽

Orchestration Tools ◽

Insight Into ◽

This article describes a new framework, called SIMPLE, for settingup and maintaining classic WLCG sites with minimal operational efforts and insights needed into the WLCG middleware. The framework provides a single common interface to install and configure any of its supported grid services, such as Compute Elements, Batch Systems, Worker Nodes and miscellaneous middleware packages. It leverages modern container orchestration tools like Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, and confiuration management tools like Puppet, Ansible, to automate deployment of the WLCG services on behalf of a site admin. The framework is modular and extensible by design. Therefore, it is easy to add support for more grid services as well as infrastructure automation tools to accommodate diverse scenarios at different sites. We provide insight into the design of the framework and our efforts towards development, release and deployment of its first implementation featuring CREAM E, TORQUE Batch System and TORQUE based Worker Nodes.

Defense Mechanisms against DDoS Attacks in SDN Environment

IEEE Communications Magazine ◽

10.1109/mcom.2017.1600970 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

pp. 175-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Kubra Kalkan ◽

Gurkan Gur ◽

Fatih Alagoz

Keyword(s):

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Ddos Attacks

Factoren Die Het Onthouden Van Vreemdtalige Woorden Beinvloeden

Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen ◽

10.1075/ttwia.11.15par ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 227-245

Author(s):

Caroline Schouten-Van Parreren

Keyword(s):

Foreign Language ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Memory Systems ◽

Theoretical Background ◽

Foreign Languages ◽

New Words ◽

Psychological Conditions ◽

Unknown Words ◽

Insight Into ◽

Good Retention

In the recent literature on the methodology of foreign language teaching there is a growing consensus that new words should be presented in texts and not in vocabularies. The theoretical background of this assumption is explained through Van Parreren's theory of trace systems in memory. In particular it is argued that a good retention of new words requires that the traces of meaningfully related words be connected in many diffe-rent ways. Words in texts are already so connected (whereas words in vo-cabularies etc. are not). Moreover it is also possible to treat words in texts in a number of different ways. Although it is thus generally acknowledged that presenting words in texts is preferable, little is known about the nature of the psychological processes of comprehending and retaining new words when presented in texts. In order to gain insight into these processes a qualitative investigation was carried out. Texts in different foreign languages were read by adult subjects. These texts contained several words unknown to them. These words were tested twice: after a short and after a longer interval. While recalling the meaning of the words the subjects had to think aloud. These recall protocols were qualitatively analysed with respect to a number of questions. It was concluded that presenting words in texts offer many possibilities to ''embed" words in meaningful memory systems. However some linguistic and psychological conditions (concerning the text and the treatment of the text by the subjects) have to be taken into ac-count. In particular attention has to be paid only to a part of the unknown words, i.e. to the words in linguistically favourable positions. As a fa-vourable psychological condition for comprehension and retention diversity of treatment of the target words by the subjects seems to be required.