Stages of E-Government Maturity Models

2014 ◽  
pp. 228-246
Author(s):  
Hakikur Rahman ◽  
Isabel Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Maturity Models ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Model ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Proposed Model

E-Government and e-Governance are the two terms within the governance system that need to be attended through clarity, distinctness, and justification. No matter how the stages of the governance system evolve, where they have been applied, and in which stages they are at a present moment, these two prominently distinct elements of the governance systems are yet to be watched closely and minutely. After synthesizing existing e-Government maturity models and exploring relevant literature, this chapter proposes a new model that may guide e-Government implementation in a developing world context. It is expected that the proposed model would assist researchers, academics, and policy makers in establishing sustained e-Government model in emerging and developing economies.

scholarly journals Urban development project goals and the role of professional ignorance: ambiguous policy objectives and their consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Styhre ◽  
Sara Brorström
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Governance System ◽  
First Line ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Project Participants

PurposeDrawing on the literature on professional ignorance, here defined in affirmative terms as the capacity to act regardless of the incompleteness of available information in organizations and professional communities, the article reports empirical material from an urban development project wherein policy makers' instructions are vague and, in certain domains, inconsistent with market conditions.Design/methodology/approachUrban development projects regularly include uncertainty and risk taking, and policy makers' stated objectives regarding project goals may be incomplete or merely signal a political ambition. In such situations, first-line project participants need to make decisions as if uncertainties regarding policy objectives are manageable and preferably minimal. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the proposition that professional ignorance is a key mechanism in incomplete or imperfect governance systems.FindingsProject participants actively questioned policy but acted on the instructions just the same, which is indicative of how professional ignorance is supportive of governance system that relies on first-line market actors and agencies to implement also incomplete or vaguely stated policy objectives. Incomplete policies derive from challenges in political deliberation and bargaining processes, uncertainty regarding the future and shifting preferences among policy makers and constituencies more widely. In practice, incomplete policies regularly include issues for first-level actors (e.g. on the urban development project level) to handle and to reconcile in their day-to-day work.Originality/valueOn basis of an empirical study of a major urban development project, the study contributes to a growing literature that recognizes the value of professional ignorance in governance systems and in project management practice. The study invites further scholarly research that takes an affirmative of professional ignorance but without overlooking its risks and potential malfunctions.

scholarly journals Agriculture Credit in Developing Economies: A Review of Relevant Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Yadav ◽  
Anil K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Rural Finance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rural Credit Markets ◽  
Study Methodology

<p>This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of 110 studies on agriculture credit in developing countries during 1995 to 2015. The literature has been classified and presented on the basis of time period, country of study, methodology used, issues covered, and sources of study. Agriculture credit has gained interest of policy makers and researchers in developing economies in recent years with raising concerns of issues like food security and rising population. However, the situation of small and marginal farmers is still vulnerable and they lack timely and adequate access to institutional sources of finance. Non-institutional sources of credit are still dominant in rural credit markets; while the role of micro-finance appears dubious. This study will prove helpful for policy makers and future researchers who wish to study diverse issues in rural finance in general and agriculture credit in particular.</p>

scholarly journals Bureaucratic and Political Collaboration Towards a Good Governance System

BESTUUR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Nurfaika Ishak ◽  
Rahmad Ramadhan Hasibuan ◽  
Tri Suhendra Arbani
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Know How ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Recruitment System ◽  
The Relationship

<p>This research  aims to know how is the synergy of bureaucracy and politics in realizing good governance. More specifically, what are the factors that influence the relationship between bureaucracy and politics in realizing good governance system. This study used a qualitative approach which is give description about the issues. The data collection technique used is literature study by examining and analyzing relevant literature such as books, journal articles, laws and regulations focusing bureaucracy, politics, and good governance systems. The results of the research showed that the synergy between bureaucracy and politics is absolutely necessary to realize good governance system. In addition, factors that affects relationships between them are aspect of authority/ power, human resources, and recruitment system. Bureaucracy and politics must be placed in the same stage to prevent superiority between bureaucracy and politics. A balanced relationship can be transformed into juridical restrictions. The empowerment of professionals in filling bureaucracy and politics must be prioritized in order to reduce corruption and nepotism that occurs in irrational recruitment systems.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Bureaucracy; Good Governance; Politics.</p>

scholarly journals What Prompts Small and Medium Enterprises to Implement CSR? A Qualitative Insight from an Emerging Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengming Zou ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Safdar Sial ◽  
Alina Badulescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Customer Behavior ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Management Commitment ◽  
Top Management Commitment ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Depth Interviews

The topic of corporate social responsibility (henceforth referred to as CSR) has been a central topic during the last decade, but the majority of the existing literature discusses CSR relationship with large organizations. Whereas, its contribution in small and medium enterprises (henceforth referred to as SME) sector has received little attention. There have been some studies that focused on CSR activities in SME sector quantitatively in the context of developing economies like Pakistan, but the fact is, to date, SME sector of Pakistan is not participating actively in CSR-related activities due to some constraints. The present study is a pioneer attempt, to explore CSR barriers that restrict SME sector of Pakistan from practicing CSR initiatives. For this reason, the present study explores these barriers qualitatively in order to gain in-depth knowledge of different CSR barriers. In doing so, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews from 9 SMEs in Lahore city of Pakistan. We performed thematic analysis, which produced five relevant themes of CSR barriers, including: Lack of resources, lack of regulations, lack of top management commitment, lack of CSR knowledge, and passive customer behavior. Our analysis further showed that lack of resources is the most related barrier that hinder SMEs to be engaged in CSR activities. This paper contributes to CSR literature in emerging economies’ context. Through an increased awareness of barriers, policy makers and practitioners may take necessary steps to improve CSR practices in SMEs.

scholarly journals Content Dependent Representation Selection Model for Systems Based on MPEG DASH

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1843
Author(s):  
Jelena Vlaović ◽  
Snježana Rimac-Drlje ◽  
Drago Žagar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Video Encoding ◽  
Adaptation Algorithm ◽  
Subjective Testing ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Mathematical Model

A standard called MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG DASH) ensures the interoperability between different streaming services and the highest possible video quality in changing network conditions. The solutions described in the available literature that focus on video segmentation are mostly proprietary, use a high amount of computational power, lack the methodology, model notation, information needed for reproduction, or do not consider the spatial and temporal activity of video sequences. This paper presents a new model for selecting optimal parameters and number of representations for video encoding and segmentation, based on a measure of the spatial and temporal activity of the video content. The model was developed for the H.264 encoder, using Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) objective metrics as well as Spatial Information (SI) and Temporal Information (TI) as measures of video spatial and temporal activity. The methodology that we used to develop the mathematical model is also presented in detail so that it can be applied to adapt the mathematical model to another type of an encoder or a set of encoding parameters. The efficiency of the segmentation made by the proposed model was tested using the Basic Adaptation algorithm (BAA) and Segment Aware Rate Adaptation (SARA) algorithm as well as two different network scenarios. In comparison to the segmentation available in the relevant literature, the segmentation based on the proposed model obtains better SSIM values in 92% of cases and subjective testing showed that it achieves better results in 83.3% of cases.

RoRePo: Detecting the role information and relative position information for contexts in multi-turn dialogue generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 10003-10015
Author(s):  
Zibang Gan ◽  
Biqing Zeng ◽  
Lianglun Cheng ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Heng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Role Ambiguity ◽  
Position Information ◽  
New Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Relevant Context ◽  
Position Representation ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
Relative Position Information

In multi-turn dialogue generation, dialogue contexts have been shown to have an important influence on the reasoning of the next round of dialogue. A multi-turn dialogue between two people should be able to give a reasonable response according to the relevant context. However, the widely used hierarchical recurrent encoder-decoder model and the latest model that detecting the relevant contexts with self-attention are facing the same problem. Their given response doesn’t match the identity of the current speaker, which we call it role ambiguity. In this paper, we propose a new model, named RoRePo, to tackle this problem by detecting the role information and relative position information. Firstly, as a part of the decoder input, we add a role embedding to identity different speakers. Secondly, we incorporate self-attention mechanism with relative position representation to dialogue context understanding. Besides, the design of our model architecture considers the influence of latent variables in generating more diverse responses. Experimental results of our evaluations on the DailyDialog and DSTC7_AVSD datasets show that our proposed model advances in multi-turn dialogue generation.

scholarly journals Conceptual framework for increasing legitimacy and trust of sustainability governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Stupak ◽  
Maha Mansoor ◽  
C. Tattersall Smith
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Sustainability Governance ◽  
Sustainable Societies ◽  
Key Terms

AbstractWhile the quantity of sustainability governance initiatives and systems has increased dramatically, crises persist over whether specific governance systems can be trusted as legitimate regulators of the sustainability of economic activities. This paper focuses on conceptual tools to improve our understanding of these crises as well as the facilitating factors and barriers for sustainability governance to play a role in transitioning to profoundly more sustainable societies than those that currently exist. Bioenergy is used throughout the paper as an example to aid contextually in understanding the theoretical and abstract arguments. We first define eight premises upon which our argumentation is developed. We then define sustainability, sustainability transition, legitimacy, and trust as a premise for obtaining effectiveness in communication and minimising risks associated with misunderstanding key terms. We proceed to examine the literature on “good governance” in order to reflect upon what defines "good sustainability governance" and what makes governance systems successful in achieving their goals. We propose input, output, and throughput legitimacy as three principles constituting “good” sustainability governance and propose associated open-ended criteria as a basis for developing operational standards for assessing the quality of a sustainability governance system or complex. As sustainability governance systems must develop to remain relevant, we also suggest an adaptive governance model, where continuous re-evaluation of the sustainability governance system design supports the system in remaining “good” in conditions that are complex and dynamic. Finally, we pull from the literature in a broad range of sciences to propose a conceptual “governance research framework” that aims to facilitate an integrated understanding of how the design of sustainability governance systems influences the legitimacy and trust granted to them by relevant actors. The framework is intended to enhance the adaptive features of sustainability governance systems so as to allow the identification of the causes of existing and emerging sustainability governance crises and finding solutions to them. Knowledge generated from its use may form a basis for providing policy recommendations on how to practically solve complex legitimacy and trust crises related to sustainability governance.

Forecasting the impacts of climate variability: lessons from the rainfed corn market in Ceará, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARIASTER B. CHIMELI ◽  
FRANCISCO DE ASSIS DE SOUZA FILHO ◽  
MARCOS COSTA HOLANDA ◽  
FRANCIS CARLO PETTERINI
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Forecast Models ◽  
Climatic Impacts ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACTA number of studies show that climatic shocks have significant economic impacts in several regions of the world, especially in, but not limited to, developing economies. In this paper we focus on a drought-related indicator of well-being and emergency spending in the Brazilian semi-arid zone – rainfed corn market – and estimate aggregate behavioral and forecast models for this market conditional on local climate determinants. We find encouraging evidence that our approach can help policy makers buy time to help them prepare for drought mitigating actions. The analysis is applicable to economies elsewhere in the world and climatic impacts other than those caused by droughts.

A Novel Iterated Function System-Based Model for Coloured Image Encryption

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Amine Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Iterated Function System ◽  
Mathematical Concept ◽  
Logistic Equation ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Symmetric Encryption ◽  
New Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Iterated Function ◽  
Chaotic Cryptography

Chaotic cryptography has been a well-studied domain over the last few years. Many works have been done, and the researchers are still getting benefit from this incredible mathematical concept. This paper proposes a new model for coloured image encryption using simple but efficient chaotic equations. The proposed model consists of a symmetric encryption scheme in which it uses the logistic equation to generate secrete keys then an affine recursive transformation to encrypt pixels' values. The experimentations show good results, and theoretic discussion proves the efficiency of the proposed model.

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