Intellectual Capital Measurement and Reporting Models

2015 ◽  
pp. 117-139
Author(s):  
Jamal A. Nazari
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Common ◽  
Suggested Classification

This chapter extends the earlier study of Bontis (2001) by critically reviewing the existing methods to measure and report intellectual capital. Bontis's (2001) study contributed significantly to the intellectual capital measurement and reporting literature. However, despite the growth in the field of IC and development and introduction of several new approaches to measure and report intellectual capital, no recent study has synthesized the IC measurement and reporting models. The objective of this chapter is to fill this gap in the literature by providing a critical review of 28 IC measurement models. To achieve this objective, the author partially adopts Sveiby's (2007) suggested classification scheme for categorizing the existing measurement models. The classification will enable the reader to uncover the common attributes of each model and to contrast the dissimilarities.

Meaningful and Physically Consistent Efficiency Definition for Positive Displacement Pumps - Continuation of the Critical Review of ISO 4391 and ISO 4409

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schänzle ◽  
Peter F. Pelz
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Dead Volume ◽  
Specific Enthalpy ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Displacement Pump ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
The Common ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract ISO 4391:1984 gives the common efficiency definition for positive displacement machines. ISO 4409:2019 uses this efficiency definition to specify the procedure for efficiency measurements. If the machine conditions do not correspond with an incompressible flow due to operation at high pressure levels, the compressibility of the fluid and the dead volume of a pump must be taken into account. On this point, ISO 4391:1984 is physically inconsistent. Achten et. al. address this issue in their paper at FPMC 2019 presenting a critical review of ISO 4409:2007. They introduce new definitions of the overall efficiency as well as the mechanical-hydraulic efficiency. At the same time, they question the validity of the volumetric efficiency definition. Li and Barkei continue on this issue in their paper at FPMC 2020 and give a new efficiency definition based on the introduction of a new quantity Φ which describes the volume specific enthalpy of the conveyed fluid. The motivation of this paper is to contribute to the ongoing and fruitful discussion. Our approach starts with the most general efficiency definition, namely the isentropic efficiency. Subsequently, we make assumptions concerning the fluid properties with respect to the compressibility of the conveyed fluid. On the basis of the ideal cycle of a positive displacement pump and the p-v diagram, we derive physically consistent and more meaningful representations of the overall, the mechanical-hydraulic and the volumetric efficiency that address the inconsistency of ISO 4391:1984. Furthermore, we compare our findings with the existing results of Achten et. al. and Li and Barkei.

The business model and intellectual capital in the value creation of firms

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ujwary-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Citation Impact ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Common

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze business model (BM) and intellectual capital (IC) of a firm with a focus on their common elements. The common bases in the field of strategic management for these two concepts are, among others, resource-based view, knowledge-based view, intellectual capital-based view, dynamic capabilities, and configurational approach. It indicates areas in which these two concepts can benefit from each other, e.g. in classification of components, their configuration, or dynamic approach. This general review examines the following research questions: What are the common concepts for the BM and IC? What are their common components? What does the dynamic approach to IC and BM mean? Design/methodology/approach The Web of Science™ Core Collection database was selected for the period 1975-2014 and the Journal of Intellectual Capital (JIC) indexed in Scopus® (Elsevier) was incorporated into the analysis for the period it had been indexed by Scopus (1990-2015). These databases were selected because they offer a reliable overview of historical data regarding journals, articles, and citation impact. The key filter criteria were the presence of the phrases “business model” or “intellectual capital” in the article title, abstract, and key words in order to narrow down the selection to the most appropriate results for the research area. Findings This paper investigates two concepts from the point of view of their underpinnings in management, definitions, and components, as well as value creation. Analysis of the foundations in management allows the author to present a cohesive model, which depicts a comprehensive approach to analysis of these two concepts. Many common elements have been identified and investigated. Originality/value First, it provides an indication of the common underpinnings of the analyzed concepts within the framework of strategic management and proposals for their development toward resource, knowledge, and IC accumulation, combination and heterogeneity-based views. Second, it presents an analysis of the BM and IC components, showing common elements between them. Third, it provides a description and analysis of dynamic view of BM and IC components in a value creation context.

A Comparative Analysis and Critical Review of Summarization Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 4167-4171
Author(s):  
Mausumi Goswami ◽  
M. Niranjanamurthy ◽  
Anlin Assisi ◽  
Sanjana Pillai ◽  
Christy Sunny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Text Summarization ◽  
Unstructured Data ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Digital Evolution ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Common ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

Unstructured data is outcome of various major business applications. Summarizing unstructured data is considered as a significant task in this era of smart digital evolution. Text summarization is basically done using the common approaches on the basis of certain predefined rules. Text summarization is a branch of text mining which helps in bringing together the main content of the text from the original text or document. This work was an attempt to understand the existing literature and make a critical review on the pros and cons of the methods used. A gap analysis is also included after inspecting various methods. A comparative study of intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation techniques is included. A methodology is proposed for text summarization using machine learning.

scholarly journals Management Knowledge Assets: A Review of the Models Used to Measure and Report Intellectual Capital

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 15-44
Author(s):  
Michael So ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sustainable Advantage ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Contemporary organisations in both public and private sector are often examined not only in terms of their core functional business but also in how they have adapted to a knowledge-based and innovation-driven economy. As such, knowledge-based assets are considered as a source of sustainable advantage. The magnitude of change in the proportion of value creation by these intangible investments has caused a paradigm shift and the recognition of an increasingly important role for intellectual capital (IC). There is also a growing interest in developing business reporting models that are more comprehensive than that of traditional accounting-based reporting, which has been shown to be inadequate to report the value of intellectual capital. Researchers and academics have attempted to build models for IC reporting. In this paper, eleven IC measurement models are critically reviewed and a framework of IC valuation and reporting based on capabilities is suggested. The capabilities enhanced by IC could be reported in combination with the tangible assets in an IC capability balance sheet. The IC capability model offers a clear starting point for a new thinking in evaluating intangible assets as a firm business resource.

Exploring Novel Strategies for Lipid-Based Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Sabna Kotta ◽  
Navneet Sharma ◽  
Prateek Raturi ◽  
Mohd Aleem ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
The Common ◽  
Do So

Currently, the concept of lipid-based drug delivery systems has gained much interest because of their capability to deliver drugs which dissolve sparingly in water or insoluble in nature. Several methods of lipid-based drug delivery exist, and each method has its own advantages as well as limitations. The primary objective of the formulation development is to improve the bioavailability of the drug. The nano-sized lipid-based drug delivery systems have enough potential to do so. This article addresses the various barriers to the transportation of drugs through certain routes and also the common excipients which used to develop the lipid-based drug delivery systems. It provides a thorough overview of the lipid formulation classification scheme (LFCS) and also deals with several formulation & evaluation aspects of lipid-based drug delivery system. Further, it focuses on the formulations which are already available in the market and their regulatory concerns, respectively.

Critical Review and Analysis of Air-Travel Demand

2010 ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Karlaftis
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Airline Networks ◽  
Air Travel Demand ◽  
Data Requirements

Demand forecasting may be the most critical factor in the development of airports and airline networks. This chapter reviews various approaches used to forecast air travel and airport demand forecasting. It classifies existing methods according to the modeling approach used to evaluate the available data; then, the forecasting approaches are viewed in relation to data requirements. Finally, a new matrix classification scheme is introduced that combines both the data available and the technique used to evaluate this data in a more concise and manner.

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