Risk Perceptions of International Female Tourists in India

2015 ◽  
pp. 220-233
Author(s):  
Sushma Chugh
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Women Travelers ◽  
Women Tourists ◽  
International Women

In tourism industry perceptions are major influencing factors of visiting a destination. Tourism products cannot be pre tested prior to purchase. Therefore tourists rely a lot on perceptions and images of a destination. India is generally known for its myriad of culture, spirituality, climate and diversity. Image of India has suffered a tremendous jolt overseas after a few incidents of rapes and crimes have surfaced against women. Keeping this in mind this paper is an attempt to find out the risk perceptions of foreign women travelers to India and whether they consider India a safe destination for women. They were administered questionnaires taking the parameters that Gunn, 1972 had introduced. A sample of 100 international women tourists was selected randomly and on judgement basis. General perception of women tourists about India on safety and security of women was not positive. It was concluded through the survey that though women travelers had security and safety issues in India yet they found the country worth visiting again.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Difference Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Tourism Urbanization in China’s Major Tourist Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10414
Author(s):  
Xia Xie ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Feifei Chen ◽  
Chunshan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Correlation Pattern ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Tourism Urbanization

Tourism is crucial for promoting industrial development and is an important driver of China’s new type of urbanization. A tourism urbanization index system was constructed in three dimensions: the tourism industry, urbanization, and the ecological environment. The spatial–temporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of tourism urbanization in 35 major tourist cities in China from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed using the state space method, standard deviation ellipse, and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results show the following. (1) Over time, the tourism industry index displays an upward trend, the urbanization index exhibits a more obvious upward trend, and the ecological environment index fluctuates strongly. Under the influence of all three factors, the tourism urbanization index shows a fluctuating rising trend. (2) Regarding the spatial distribution pattern, the development center of tourism urbanization shifts to the southeast, and the distribution direction is northeast-southwest. There is a significant agglomeration in global spatial autocorrelation. The local spatial correlation pattern is dominated by correlation characteristics and supplemented by different characteristics. (3) In terms of influencing factors, policy and regional development strategy, tourism resource endowment, economic development level, and traffic conditions are listed in descending order of influencing degree. Finally, we put forward some suggestions.

Trends in U.S. Consumers' Safe Handling and Consumption of Food and Their Risk Perceptions, 1988 through 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1513-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARA B. FEIN ◽  
AMY M. LANDO ◽  
ALAN S. LEVY ◽  
MARIO F. TEISL ◽  
CAROLINE NOBLET
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Safe Food

Although survey results measuring the safety of consumers' food handling and risky food consumption practices have been published for over 20 years, evaluation of trends is impossible because the designs of published studies are not comparable. The Food Safety Surveys used comparable methods to interview U.S. adults by telephone in 1988, 1993, 2001, 2006, and 2010 about food handling (i.e., cross-contamination prevention) and risky consumption practices (eating raw or undercooked foods from animals) and perceived risk from foodborne illness. Sample sizes ranged from 1,620 to 4,547. Responses were analyzed descriptively, and four indices measuring meat, chicken, and egg cross-contamination, fish cross-contamination, risky consumption, and risk perceptions were analyzed using generalized linear models. The extent of media coverage of food safety issues was also examined. We found a substantial improvement in food handling and consumption practices and an increase in perceived risk from foodborne illness between 1993 and 1998. All indices were stable or declined between 1998 and 2006. Between 2006 and 2010, the two safe food handling practice indices increased significantly, but risk perceptions did not change, and safe consumption declined. Women had safer food handling and consumption practices than men. The oldest and youngest respondents and those with the highest education had the least safe food handling behaviors. Changes in safety of practices over the survey years are consistent with the change in the number of media stories about food safety in the periods between surveys. This finding suggests that increased media attention to food safety issues may raise awareness of food safety hazards and increase vigilance in food handling by consumers.

scholarly journals Urban tourism and climate change: Risk perceptions of business tourism stakeholders in Johannesburg, South Africa

Urbani izziv ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol Supplement (30) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayde R. Pandy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Urban Tourism ◽  
Climate Change Risk ◽  
Current State ◽  
Climate Change Responses ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives

The nexus of climate change and cities is acknowledged as of growing importance for inter-disciplinary research. In this article the focus is upon the perceptions of climate change and responses by tourism stakeholders in Johannesburg, South Africa’s leading city and major tourism destination. Using semi-structured qualitative interviews with 30 tourism stakeholders an analysis is undertaken of the risk perceptions of climate change. Overall the results suggest a major disconnect between the climate change threats as openly recognised by Johannesburg city authorities and of the risk perceptions as revealed by local tourism stakeholders. The predominant view articulated by tourism industry stakeholders is that climate change responses and associated sustainability initiatives are something of a ‘nice to have’ rather than a necessity given current the current state of awareness and of climate change risk perceptions by businesses.

scholarly journals Research on the Irrational Behavior of Consumers’ Safe Consumption and Its Influencing Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Minmin Shen ◽  
Ziqiu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Irrational Behavior ◽  
Safe Food

Frequent food safety incidents in recent years have greatly reduced consumers’ trust, and consumers’ demand for safe food has been on the rise. However, there is an inconsistency between the consumers’ willingness and actual purchasing behaviors. Some consumers who have a willingness to purchase safe food ultimately do not produce actual purchasing behaviors, resulting in an “irrational behavior” in the safe food consumer market. In order to better study this phenomenon and identify its inherent logic, we chose to use pork (a typical representative of safety-certified agricultural products) as the object, based on a survey on 844 consumers in the Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province analyzed in July 2017 by RPL (Random Parameters Logit) and binary Logit regression methods from two aspects, i.e. consumer preference for different attributes of safety-certified products and factors affecting safe consumption. The research results show that consumers have a significant preference for pork that has additional attributes such as green food certification, organic food certification, origin information and “No Additives and Veterinary Drug Residue Labeling”; labeling such information on the pork can effectively improve consumers’ trust. Consumers’ inconsistency of purchase intention with purchasing behaviors of safety-certified pork is affected by many factors, such as gender, age, annual household income, the degree of trust in agricultural product quality and a safety certification mark, understanding of safety-certified pork, and the degree of concern on pork quality and safety issues. These factors have all contributed, to varying degrees, to the rising of “irrational behavior” of consumers’ safe consumption, lead to an irrational state of consumption that consumers with a safely certified pork purchase will not necessarily buy a safety-certified pork. Based on the results of two empirical analyses, it can be concluded that pricing and age are the two main influencing factors that lead to the “irrational behavior” of consumers’ safe consumption.

scholarly journals Managerial Risk Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Evidence from the Forestry Sector in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6811
Author(s):  
Feifei Lu ◽  
Zhaohua Wang ◽  
Anne Toppinen ◽  
Dalia D’Amato ◽  
Zuomin Wen
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Managerial Risk ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Csr Disclosure ◽  
Corporate Social

Understanding how managers perceive risks in the decision-making process of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure is vital, especially in sectors with high social and environmental demands on sustainability. The main aim of this study was to explore the impact of managerial risk perceptions and influencing factors on CSR disclosure in the forestry sector of China and to improve the sustainable development of forestry. Utilizing survey data of 214 managers from Chinese forestry enterprises, we analyzed how manager backgrounds, including six variables (gender, age, education level, degree major, number of years working as a manager, and work experience) related to the managers’ risk perceptions of CSR disclosure via a two-stage model. The analyses of the two-stage model revealed that the influence factors differ in the two stages of risk perception. According to our results, influencing factors were not the same at various stages of the CSR reporting process. This requires decision makers to take practical driving factors into account and select managers with different characteristics to carry out the CSR disclosure of forestry enterprises.

scholarly journals Coupling Coordination and Influencing Factors among Tourism Carbon Emission, Tourism Economic and Tourism Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1601
Author(s):  
Yue Pan ◽  
Gangmin Weng ◽  
Conghui Li ◽  
Jianpu Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Compound System ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Emission Efficiency ◽  
The Core ◽  
Coordination Degree

To discuss the coupling coordination relationship among tourism carbon emissions, economic development and regional innovation it is not only necessary to realize the green development of tourism economy, but also great significance for the tourism industry to take a low-carbon path. Taking the 30 provinces of China for example, this paper calculated the tourism carbon emission efficiency based on the super-efficiency Slacks based measure and Data envelope analyse (SBM-DEA) model from 2007 to 2017, and on this basis, defined a compound system that consists of tourism carbon emissions, tourism economic development and tourism regional innovation. Further, the coupling coordination degree model and dynamic degree model were used to explore its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of balanced development, and this paper distinguished the core influencing factors by Geodetector model. The results showed that (1) during the study period, the tourism carbon emission efficiency showed a reciprocating trend of first rising and then falling, mainly due to the change of pure technical efficiency. (2) The coupling coordination degree developed towards a good trend, while there were significant differences among provinces, showing a gradient distribution pattern of decreasing from east to west. Additionally, (3) the core driving factors varied over time, however, in general, the influence from high to low were as follows: technological innovation, economic development, urbanization, environmental pollution control, and industrial structure. Finally, some policy recommendations were put forward to further promote the coupling coordination degree.

scholarly journals A Critique of Contribution of Tourism to Jobs in Southern African Development Community (SADC): Implications for Post COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Southern African Development Community ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
African Development ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan province in China in December 2019 and its subsequent spread throughout the world brought the tourism industry to a standstill. Businesses closed down and large numbers of workers including those in the tourism industry lost their jobs. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) experienced similar challenges that occurred at the global level. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact that COVID-19 had on jobs in the tourism industry in the SADC region. The study employed a desk research approach. The study showed that the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector has set back the gains that the region had accumulated over the twenty three years of working together as one destination since the formation of the Regional Tourism Organization of Southern Africa (RETOSA) in 1997. A number of governments in the region responded by implementing measures that were aimed at cushioning tourism enterprises from the impact of the pandemic. All the subsectors of the tourism industry had to undertake a range of cost cutting measure to mitigate the impact of the pandemic the majority of which negatively affected employees in the sector. The study recommends that the public and private sector in the region closely work together to develop and implement policies and strategies that will create traveller confidence on the destination with regard to health and safety issues. It is further recommended that the governments of the region continue to assist business enterprises to enable them to be effective partners in the post COVID-19 programmes that each country will roll out. Keywords: COVID-19, Tourism, SADC, Jobs, Enterprises, Africa

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