scholarly journals A Critique of Contribution of Tourism to Jobs in Southern African Development Community (SADC): Implications for Post COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Southern African Development Community ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
African Development ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan province in China in December 2019 and its subsequent spread throughout the world brought the tourism industry to a standstill. Businesses closed down and large numbers of workers including those in the tourism industry lost their jobs. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) experienced similar challenges that occurred at the global level. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact that COVID-19 had on jobs in the tourism industry in the SADC region. The study employed a desk research approach. The study showed that the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector has set back the gains that the region had accumulated over the twenty three years of working together as one destination since the formation of the Regional Tourism Organization of Southern Africa (RETOSA) in 1997. A number of governments in the region responded by implementing measures that were aimed at cushioning tourism enterprises from the impact of the pandemic. All the subsectors of the tourism industry had to undertake a range of cost cutting measure to mitigate the impact of the pandemic the majority of which negatively affected employees in the sector. The study recommends that the public and private sector in the region closely work together to develop and implement policies and strategies that will create traveller confidence on the destination with regard to health and safety issues. It is further recommended that the governments of the region continue to assist business enterprises to enable them to be effective partners in the post COVID-19 programmes that each country will roll out. Keywords: COVID-19, Tourism, SADC, Jobs, Enterprises, Africa

The Impact of Religion and Culture on Leadership Styles of Women Policy-Makers in the Education Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Shadiya Mohamad Saleh Baqutayan ◽  
Fauziah Raji
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Women Leaders ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Gender Culture ◽  
Education Industry ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact

This qualitative study is purposive in sampling and explored a small number of women leaders in the education industry who are policymakers of Malay Muslim origin of their experiences in leadership positions. Policymaking here involved policies at the micro-level, which related more to their institutions and organizations. The researcher examined the women's leadership styles and the factors that influenced how they lead explicitly. Likewise, the researcher focused on how gender, culture, and religion may relate to women's experiences. Basic interpretive and descriptive qualitative research methods were employed. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews. Participants interviewed included nine women leaders in the public and private sector who were either teachers/lecturers or administrators in the education industry. These women held positions within the top echelon of their organization or institution. The finding of this research indicated that gender, religion, and culture play an important role in women's leadership experiences, therefore, themes emerged around influences on the women's approaches to leadership, with particular emphasis on the role of the larger environment in impacting women's leadership behaviors. To further focus on the impact of culture and religion on women's leadership styles, the researcher conducted a focused discussion group on the second group of Malay Muslim women leaders. This group of women leaders compromised mainly of women leaders who are department and section heads but still involved in policymaking decisions albeit within their department or sections. This study can provide insight into the landscape of women‘s leadership roles and how to support these leaders.

scholarly journals WHETHER FDI OR EXPORTS ENHANCE INNOVATION: EVIDENCE FROM INDIAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS, 2001-2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Krishan SINGH ◽  
Dr. Sandeep Kaur BHATIA
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Foreign Capital Inflows ◽  
Indian Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact

The economic reforms of 1991 resulted in an increased inflow of FDI into theIndian economy. However, for the invention of new techniques and skills, there is a greatneed to invest on R&D, requires a huge amount of capital, which can be available throughFDI inflows. Technology has been imported in heavy amount after the implementation ofliberalization policies. Therefore, the present study intends to know whether FDIcontributes to the Indian manufacturing sector through R&D or not. The average growthof the manufacturing sector in India (7.93 per cent) has been found considerably higherduring the second decade of reforms (2001-2012) as compared to first decade reforms(1991-2000). In the context of this, the present study has tried to examine the trends andpatterns of FDI and R&D in manufacturing firms of India during the second decade ofreforms (2001-12) and also, to analyze the impact of FDI and exports on R&D inmanufacturing firms of India through fixed effect model. The results suggest that R&D hasbeen significantly impacted by the import of capital goods, foreign equity, disembodiedtechnology, and export intensity during the second decade of liberalization period. Thepresent study suggests that greater approvals for foreign capital inflows are required inIndia, for enhancing the R&D in the manufacturing sector. There must be an appropriatecoordination between public and private sector, which can improve the R&D expenditureof manufacturing firms of India.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MARKET CAPITAL ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TOURIST INDUSTRY: EXPERIENCE OF THE EU AND OTHER COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
M. Troian ◽  
V. Shkola ◽  
M. Domashenko ◽  
T. Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
World Order ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the tourism industry faced a crisis that could be the worst in history. In recent years, the tourism industry has been one of the fastest-growing industries, sometimes faster than the world economy as a whole. 2019 has brought unprecedented changes to the world order, affecting all socio-ecological and economic ties. What are the consequences of and will have global tourism in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, which countries and regions of the world will suffer the greatest losses, what threatens and what are the benefits of the tourism crisis that will bring a "new order" to the tourism industry, what innovative management anti-crisis measures should be applied by world governments and non-governmental organizations to overcome the unprecedented tourism crisis - all these issues remain acute and have identified the research topic. The paper examines the methodological developments and recommendations for overcoming the tourism crisis in Europe caused by the pandemic virus COVID-19, namely, the article identifies the basics and consequences of the pandemic impact on market capital on the example of tourism in Europe and the world, shows that the global tourism industry is one of the main factors in the formation of market capital, studied market capital as a component of intellectual capital on the example of tourism in the EU, outlined the prospects for global tourism, developed a system of measures to overcome the global crisis through tourism SWOT-analysis. Namely: enhanced multilateral cooperation and strong support are important for the resumption of tourism; the speed of adaptation of governments at all levels and the private sector involved in the tourism sector and the ability to respond quickly and adapt to the crisis; providing targeted and affordable government support as quickly and efficiently as possible for vulnerable tourism enterprises, workers and tourists; ensuring policy clarity and taking measures to limit uncertainty; invention and development of more sustainable and sustainable (socio-ecological-economic) models of tourism; development of tourism education and legislation.

The future of travel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Simon Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Travel

Most experts would agree that recovery from the COVID-19 crisis will be slow (see Figure 6.2), in large part due to the impact that the crisis has had on the global travel and tourism industry (Romei, 2020). Until there is vaccine, the virus will influence nearly every sector of travel from transportation, destination and resorts, to the accommodations, attractions, events and restaurants. The first section of this chapter looks at the future for these different sectors, a future heavily influenced by technology and a heightened emphasis on health and safety. The second part of the chapter focuses on a theme that has been prevalent in this book – the need for adaptability or ‘COVID-aptability’. Consumer demands and behavior will be permanently altered by the pandemic, and all stakeholders in the travel industry will need to adapt. One part of adaptability is redesigning servicescapes – a necessity for many after the lockdown, and this is the subject of the penultimate section of the chapter. The conclusion looks at lessons learned from this crisis.

Covid-19 Crisis Management Responses of Small Tourism Firms in South Africa

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Booyens ◽  
Christian M. Rogerson ◽  
Jayne M. Rogerson ◽  
Tom Baum
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

Although the literature on COVID-19 is expanding, particularly in relation to crisis management responses pursued by large tourism enterprises, currently few studies exist on the responses of small tourism firms and more specifically of the crisis management practices of small and microaccom modation establishments. The aim in this study is to investigate the business management responses of small tourism firms to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and restrictions in South Africa. Themes of concern are whether enterprises have been able to sustain operations and adopt certain coping mechanisms or management strategies to mitigate the pandemic’s impact. The article reports on an interview survey of small and microenterprises engaged in accommodation services (N = 75) in South Africa under lockdown restrictions as a means of assessing the responses and coping strategies during an unprecedented crisis of this core component of the country’s tourism industry. Among key findings are that small and microlodging firms that have suffered severe financial losses because of the COVID-19 shock have few viable mechanisms to cope with the impact of the crisis and that government support to aid recovery has been insufficient in South Africa. This research contributes to the limited body of international scholarship that examines how small and microaccommodation firms, a major group and contributor of many economies, are navigating the unprecedented COVID-19 environment.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Public and Private Sector Organizations about the Impact of Training and Management Development Programmes on Organizational Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Khan ◽  
Bhavika Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Management Development ◽  
Organizational Productivity ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Emerging Market Countries ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact

India has become one of the fastest growing economies in the world over the last two decades, undoubtedly aided in this performance by economic reforms. The striking aspect of India’s recent growth has been the dynamism of the service sector, while, in contrast, manufacturing has been much less robust, contrary to the experience in other emerging market countries, where manufacturing has grown much faster than GDP. Present study is focused on a comparative evaluation of two steel giants in India i.e. SAIL and TATA steel. The study reveals that training and MDP have positive correlation with employee development, employee satisfaction and organizational productivity whereas it has been found that private sector managers (TATA Steel) have more positive opinion for training and MDP in comparison with public sector enterprise (SAIL)

scholarly journals The impact of supervisor-nurse relationships, patient role clarity, and autonomy upon job satisfaction: Public and private sector nurses

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Shacklock ◽  
Yvonne Brunetto ◽  
Rod Farr-Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Role Clarity ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Patient Role ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the Australian healthcare sector, many changes in the public sector have affected nurse management and thereby, nurses. Yet it is unclear whether such efficiency measures, based on private sector business models, have impacted private sector nurses in similar ways. This paper examines four important issues for nurses: supervisor–subordinate relationships; perceptions of autonomy; role clarity in relation to patients; and job satisfaction. The paper uses an embedded mixed methods research design to examine the four issues and then compares similarities and differences between public and private sector nurses. The findings suggest supervisor–subordinate relationships, patient role clarity and autonomy significantly predict job satisfaction. The private sector nurses reported more satisfaction than public sector nurses with their supervisor–subordinate relationships, plus higher perceptions of patient role clarity and autonomy, and hence, higher levels of job satisfaction. The findings raise questions about whether present management practices (especially public sector) optimise service delivery productivity.

scholarly journals Liquidity and Off-Balance Sheet Items: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Sector Banks in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pushkala ◽  
J. Mahamayi ◽  
K. A. Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reserve Ratio ◽  
Of Greece

Liquidity is the life-line of every business. Banking business’ liquidity was the bone of contention during the economic crisis of Greece and the downfall of Finance Behemoth like Lehman Brothers. Banking Sector-Illiquidity was the epicentre of such crisis. Globally, the Off-Balance Sheet Exposure played a vital role in managing liquidity and solvency issues of commercial banks. This research paper explores the concepts, aspects, analysis of liquidity and the impact of Off-Balance Sheet Items on Liquidity and Solvency. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the liquidity aspects of Public and Private Sector banks towards scrutinizing whether the ownership has any influence on the liquidity and solvency aspects of the banking structure, under the backdrop of Off-Balance Sheet Exposure. Besides, it looks into the unpredictability of RBI’s policies on liquidity like Cash Reserve Ratio, Statutory Liquidity Ratio etc.

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