Dynamics of Collaboration between U.S. Foundations and African Universities

2016 ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Fabrice Jaumont
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Donor Funding ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Recent Project ◽  
The Relationship

The question of interest in this chapter is the recent project referred to as the Partnership for Higher Education in Africa, and the partner Foundations' goal to contribute to the transformation of a select number of universities in selected African countries. Can public universities in sub-Saharan Africa fully accept the solutions proposed by a private donorship from the West? In exploring the question this chapter draws upon the theoretical frameworks of neo-institutionalism and resource dependency to analyze the related issues. It also reviews, within a neo-institutional perspective, the long-standing debate on U.S. foundations' international activities, and discusses these foundations' perceived influence over Africa's higher education system. Applied to the relationship between U.S. foundations and African universities, this lens seeks to shed new light on the debate about donor funding and its influence on educational reforms.

Dynamics of Collaboration between U.S. Foundations and African Universities

2020 ◽  
pp. 370-384
Author(s):  
Fabrice Jaumont
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Donor Funding ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Recent Project ◽  
The Relationship

The question of interest in this chapter is the recent project referred to as the Partnership for Higher Education in Africa, and the partner Foundations' goal to contribute to the transformation of a select number of universities in selected African countries. Can public universities in sub-Saharan Africa fully accept the solutions proposed by a private donorship from the West? In exploring the question this chapter draws upon the theoretical frameworks of neo-institutionalism and resource dependency to analyze the related issues. It also reviews, within a neo-institutional perspective, the long-standing debate on U.S. foundations' international activities, and discusses these foundations' perceived influence over Africa's higher education system. Applied to the relationship between U.S. foundations and African universities, this lens seeks to shed new light on the debate about donor funding and its influence on educational reforms.

scholarly journals Constructing a measure of health literacy in Sub-Saharan African countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-915
Author(s):  
Heather F McClintock ◽  
Julia M Alber ◽  
Sarah J Schrauben ◽  
Carmella M Mazzola ◽  
Douglas J Wiebe
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
National Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Health Literacy

Abstract We sought to develop and evaluate a health literacy measure in a multi-national study and to examine demographic characteristics associated with health literacy. Data were obtained from Demographic Health Surveys conducted between 2006–15 in 14 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Surveys were the same in all countries but translated to local languages as appropriate. We identified eight questions that corresponded to the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) definition of health literacy. Factor analysis was used to extract one measure of health literacy. Logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics and health literacy. A total of 224 751 individuals between the ages of 15 and 49 years were included. The derived health literacy measure demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.72) and good content validity. The prevalence of high health literacy overall was 35.77%; females 34.08% and males 39.17%; less than or equal to primary education 8.93%, some secondary education 69.40% and ≥complete secondary 84.35%. High health literacy varied across nations, from 8.51% in Niger to 63.89% in Namibia. This is the first known study to evaluate a measure of health literacy relying on the NAM definition utilizing a large sample from 14 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our study derived a robust indicator of NAM-defined health literacy. This indicator could be used to examine determinants and outcomes of health literacy in additional countries.

scholarly journals Willingness to Pay for Condoms among Men in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Evans ◽  
Kuyosh Kadirov ◽  
Ibou Thior ◽  
Ramakrishnan Ganesan ◽  
Alec Ulasevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Donor Funding ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Tool Building ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be among the greatest public health threats worldwide, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Condom use remains an essential intervention to eradicate AIDS, and condom use is now higher than ever. However, free and subsidized condom funding is declining. Research on how to create healthy markets based on willingness to pay for condoms is critically important. This research has three primary aims: (1) willingness of free condom users in five African countries to pay for socially marketed condoms; (2) the relationship between specific population variables and condom brand marketing efforts and willingness to pay; and (3) potential opportunities to improve condom uptake. Nationally representative samples of at least 1200 respondents were collected in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. We collected data on a range of demographic factors, including condom use, sexual behavior, awareness of condom brands, and willingness to pay. We estimated multivariate linear regression models and found that free condom users are overwhelmingly willing to pay for condoms overall (over 90% in Nigeria) with variability by country. Free users were consistently less willing to pay for condoms if they had a positive identification with their free brand in Kenya and Zimbabwe, suggesting that condom branding is a critical strategy. Ability to pay was negatively correlated with willingness, but users who could not obtain free condoms were willing to pay for them in Kenya and Zimbabwe. In a landscape of declining donor funding, this research suggests opportunities to use scarce funds for important efforts such as campaigns to increase demand, branding of condoms, and coordination with commercial condom manufacturers to build a healthy total market approach for the product. Free condoms remain an important HIV/AIDS prevention tool. Building a robust market for paid condoms in SSA is a public health priority.

Proximity and Power Factors in Western Coverage of the Sub-Saharan AIDS Crisis

2003 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Alley Swain
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Aids Crisis ◽  
World Report ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

This content analysis explores the relationship between proximity/power status factors and news coverage of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa in the elite press of the United States and Britain. Coverage from six publications— Time, Newsweek, U.S. News & World Report, The Economist, New York Times, and London Times—was compared with reported AIDS incidence in the hardest-hit African countries over two decades. AIDS coverage was related to year of publication, country of origin, and former colony status. Strongest predictors of coverage included military spending, scientific research, GDP, GNP, population, government type, and number of highways. Proximity and power status factors may mediate the flow of capital (information, money, and goods) between dominant and dependent nations.

scholarly journals Relationship between Public Debt Burden and Health Expenditure in Sub-Saharan African Countries: The Role of Institutional Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusmawati Said ◽  
Abdullahi Sani Morai
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

The historically lower level of public health expenditure of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries could be partly explained by the mounting debt burden of this region. This consumes a sizable proportion of their domestic resources to debt servicing and potentially decreases their overall budgetary allocations to various sectors in the economy and health expenditure in particular. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach on a sample of 43 sub-Saharan African countries, we examined the relationship between the public debt burden and health expenditure highlighting the role of institutional quality for the period 2000 – 2014. The empirical result confirms that the relationship between public debt burden and health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa is negative. Interestingly, however, the marginal effect of the relationship between the public debt burden and health expenditure has shown that such a negative relationship turns out to be positive when the quality of the institutions is at maximum. This suggests that the relationship between the public debt burden and health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa is a function of institutional quality.  Therefore, to minimize the negative impact of public debt on health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa, governments should take determine stand to minimize its debt accumulation and intensify efforts toward the improvement of institutional quality in the region comprehensively.

scholarly journals The Role of Feminist Standpoint and Intersectionality Epistemologies in Providing Insights into the Causes of Gender Disparity in Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Enyonam Brigitte Norgbey
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Feminist Standpoint ◽  
Sub Saharan

Higher education plays a critical role in society’s development, particularly in the current era of globalization in which knowledge-based innovations are critical for development. However, women’s underrepresentation in higher education remains a persistent issue of concern, particularly, in sub-Saharan Africa. The gender gap in higher education is created by complex interconnected sets of deep-rooted factors. A clear understanding of the underlying causes of gender inequality in higher education is necessary to develop effective interventions to overcome this disparity. Feminist standpoint and feminist intersectionality epistemologies have been used to provide insights into gender disparities in higher education. Drawing on existing published literature, I will discuss the conceptual and theoretical frameworks of these two feminist epistemologies and explore the methodological implications of these epistemologies for critically examining gender disparities in higher education in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. Keywords: epistemology, feminism, gender, higher education, intersectionality

scholarly journals The appropriation of policy changes in higher education by students in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of the Bachelor-Master-Doctorate reform in Burkina Faso

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Ramd ◽  
Pierre Lapointe ◽  
Martial Demb
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Internationalization Of Higher Education ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
African Countries ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Sub Saharan

Faced with the imperative to adapt to an environment marked by the internationalization of higher education and education policy transfers, universities in French-speaking sub-Saharan African countries adopted in 2006 a new policy called

Uninettuno University for Refugees: a Model of Network for an Education without Boundaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 454-466
Author(s):  
Maria Amata Garito
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The University

In the European countries, and especially in Italy, one of the hardest challenges we are facing these days is the escalating crisis of migrants and refugees coming from the Arab World and Sub-Saharan Africa countries. The history of universities tells us that the first Universities realized a networked model in which students shaped their own study path, moving from one institution to another across Europe in order to attend the lectures by the best lecturers from different Universities. The Medieval higher education system, therefore, acted as a bridge between different cultures, fostering knowledge exchange, sharing and construction based on a networked organizational model, and an educational model promoting discussions and debates (questio and disputatio). Nowadays, ICT technologies, and above all the Internet, allow Universities to re-create a network of knowledge and of students and professors, sharing experiences and competences from different social and cultural backgrounds. The International Telematic University UNINETTUNO developed and implemented an internalization model and a psycho-pedagogic model, whose main characteristics are described in this paper, promoting the collaboration among Universities from the United States, Europe, Asia and above all from the Arab World Countries. Through this collaborations, UNINETTUNO developed the first higher education portal in the world which is available in 5 languages (Italian, English, French, Arabic and Greek), enrolled students from 168 countries of the world. The success of these international cooperation activities inspired UNINETTUNO in the creation of an Internet-based portal (The University for Refugees — Education without Boundaries, that will be presented in this paper) allowing refugees and migrants to access the University for free from any place across the world, providing services like: Recognition of the study title, Recognition of Professional Skills, Language Learning courses, Health Services, Mutual Rights and Duties. This initiative, launched in 2016, became a true laboratory of intercultural and interlingual communication that promotes a truly effective model of cooperation and inclusion with refugees and students from different parts of the world.

scholarly journals The effect of demographic characteristics on employment in Sub- Saharan Africa.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 12-27
Author(s):  
Francis Kamau Ndung’u
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Domestic Capital ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Data Banks

This study aimed at establishing the effect of demographic characteristics on employment in Sub Saharan Africa.  The study used data ranging from the year 1990 to the year 2015 that was obtained from the data banks of World Bank and FAOSTAT. The panel data that was obtained and used was for 30 Sub-Saharan African Countries. The traditional Neo classical production function was utilized in this study in estimating the regression results. Hausman test was carried out and it determined that fixed effects estimations were preferred to random effects and as a consequence, random effects estimations were made use of during the analysis of data. In establishing the relationship between demographic characteristics and employment, demographic characteristics, imports and services sectors variables were found to statistically and significantly influence employment. However, domestic capital was found to negatively influence employment though this was not statistically significant, while exports was found negatively and statistically significantly influencing employment.

scholarly journals Does social support modify the relationship between food insecurity and poor mental health? Evidence from thirty-nine sub-Saharan African countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzi Na ◽  
Meghan Miller ◽  
Terri Ballard ◽  
Diane C Mitchell ◽  
Yuen Wai Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to determine the relationship among food insecurity, social support and mental well-being in sub-Saharan Africa, a region presenting the highest prevalence of severe food insecurity and a critical scarcity of mental health care.DesignFood insecurity was measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Social support was assessed using dichotomous indicators of perceived, foreign perceived, received, given, integrative and emotional support. The Negative and Positive Experience Indices (NEI and PEI) were used as indicators of mental well-being. Multilevel mixed-effect linear models were applied to examine the associations between mental well-being and food security status, social support and their interaction, respectively, accounting for random effects at country level and covariates.ParticipantsNationally representative adults surveyed through Gallup World Poll between 2014 and 2016 in thirty-nine sub-Saharan African countries (n 102 235).ResultsThe prevalence of severe food insecurity was 39 %. The prevalence of social support ranged from 30 to 72 % by type. In the pooled analysis using the adjusted model, food insecurity was dose-responsively associated with increased NEI and decreased PEI. Perceived, integrative and emotional support were associated with lower NEI and higher PEI. The differences in NEI and PEI between people with and without social support were the greatest among the most severely food insecure.ConclusionsBoth food insecurity and lack of social support constitute sources of vulnerability to poor mental well-being. Social support appears to modify the relationship between food security and mental well-being among those most affected by food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa.

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