Applications of Nanotechnology in Transportation Engineering

2016 ◽  
pp. 180-207
Author(s):  
Imtiaz Ahmed ◽  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
Imran Mehmood ◽  
Israr Ul Haq ◽  
Muhammad Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Transportation Engineering ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Design Construction

Nanotechnology is the latest development in science, where design, construction and applications of various particles involve at least one dimension in nanometers. The nanotechnology has been utilized in many of the scientific and societal disciplines including electronics, medicine, materials science and many more. It has also influenced the broader fields like civil engineering as well as the sub-disciplines including transportation, structural, geotechnical, water resources and environmental engineering. The current focus of the researchers in transportation field is to develop the materials for sustainable transportation facilities, by using the concepts of nanotechnology. The chapter is concerned with the literature review of potential applications of the nanotechnology in transportation engineering including safety, durability, sustainability and economy. The practical applications of the nanotechnology and nanomaterials shall prove to be an asset in transportation engineering.

Applications of Nanotechnology in Transportation Engineering

2020 ◽  
pp. 934-955
Author(s):  
Imtiaz Ahmed ◽  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
Imran Mehmood ◽  
Israr Ul Haq ◽  
Muhammad Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Transportation Engineering ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Design Construction

Nanotechnology is the latest development in science, where design, construction and applications of various particles involve at least one dimension in nanometers. The nanotechnology has been utilized in many of the scientific and societal disciplines including electronics, medicine, materials science and many more. It has also influenced the broader fields like civil engineering as well as the sub-disciplines including transportation, structural, geotechnical, water resources and environmental engineering. The current focus of the researchers in transportation field is to develop the materials for sustainable transportation facilities, by using the concepts of nanotechnology. The chapter is concerned with the literature review of potential applications of the nanotechnology in transportation engineering including safety, durability, sustainability and economy. The practical applications of the nanotechnology and nanomaterials shall prove to be an asset in transportation engineering.

scholarly journals Treated Wastewater Irrigation—A Review

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. Hashem ◽  
Xue-Bin Qi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Resource Utilization ◽  
Extension Program ◽  
Agricultural Demand

As the most important resource for life, water has been a central issue on the international agenda for several decades. Yet, the world’s supply of clean freshwater is steadily decreasing due to extensive agricultural demand for irrigated lands. Therefore, water resources should be used with greater efficiency, and the use of non-traditional water resources, such as Treated Wastewater (TW), should be increased. Reusing TW could be an alternative option to increase water resources. Thus, many countries have decided to turn wastewater into an irrigation resource to help meet urban demand and address water shortages. However, because of the nature of that water, there are potential problems associated with its use in irrigation. Some of the major concerns are health hazards, salinity build-up, and toxicity hazards. The objectives of this comprehensive literature review are to illuminate the importance of using TW in irrigation as an alternative freshwater source and to assess the effects of its use on soil fertility and other soil properties, plants, and public health. The literature review reveals that TW reuse has become part of the extension program for boosting water resource utilization. However, the uncontrolled application of such waters has many unfavorable effects on both soils and plants, especially in the long-term. To reduce these unfavorable effects when using TW in irrigation, proper guidelines for wastewater reuse and management should be followed to limit negative effects significantly.

Physical activity and adipokine levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A literature review and practical applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassane Zouhal ◽  
Navabeh Zare-kookandeh ◽  
Marjan Mosalman Haghighi ◽  
Ali Daraei ◽  
Maysa de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Practical Applications

Polymerization-Induced Proteinosome Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanying Zhao ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yaqian Cai ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Xinlin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Potential Applications

In these years, the fabrication of well-organized proteinosomes has been a popular topic due to the potential applications of the structures in materials science and nanotechnology. A challenge in the...

scholarly journals Co-creating narratives for WEF nexus governance: a Quantitative Story-Telling case study in the Canary Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Cabello ◽  
David Romero ◽  
Ana Musicki ◽  
Ângela Guimarães Pereira ◽  
Baltasar Peñate
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Narrative Assessment ◽  
Alternative Water

AbstractThe literature on the water–energy–food nexus has repeatedly signaled the need for transdisciplinary approaches capable of weaving the plurality of knowledge bodies involved in the governance of different resources. To fill this gap, Quantitative Story-Telling (QST) has been proposed as a science for adaptive governance approach that aims at fostering pluralistic and reflexive research processes to overcome narrow framings of water, energy, and food policies as independent domains. Yet, there are few practical applications of QST and most run on a pan-European scale. In this paper, we apply the theory of QST through a practical case study regarding non-conventional water sources as an innovation for water and agricultural governance in the Canary Islands. We present the methods mixed to mobilize different types of knowledge and analyze interconnections between water, energy, and food supply. First, we map and interview relevant knowledge holders to elicit narratives about the current and future roles of alternative water resources in the arid Canarian context. Second, we run a quantitative diagnosis of nexus interconnections related to the use of these resources for irrigation. This analysis provides feedback to the narratives in terms of constraints and uncertainties that might hamper the expectations posed on this innovation. Thirdly, the mixed analysis is used as fuel for discussion in participatory narrative assessment workshops. Our experimental QST process succeeded in co-creating new knowledge regarding the water–energy–food nexus while addressing some relational and epistemological uncertainties in the development of alternative water resources. Yet, the extent to which mainstream socio-technical imaginaries surrounding this innovation were transformed was rather limited. We conclude that the potential of QST within sustainability place-based research resides on its capacity to: (a) bridge different sources of knowledge, including local knowledge; (b) combine both qualitative and quantitative information regarding the sustainable use of local resources, and (c) co-create narratives on desirable and viable socio-technical pathways. Open questions remain as to how to effectively mobilize radically diverse knowledge systems in complex analytical exercises where everyone feels safe to participate.

DNA-based self-assembly of nanostructures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Carter ◽  
Chenxiang Lin ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Hao Yan ◽  
Thomas H. LaBean
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Directed Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Hierarchical Assembly ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
Nanoscale Manufacturing ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

This article examines the DNA-based self-assembly of nanostructures. It first reviews the development of DNA self-assembly and DNA-directed assembly, focusing on the main strategies and building blocks available in the modern molecular construction toolbox, including the design, construction, and analysis of nanostructures composed entirely of synthetic DNA, as well as origami nanostructures formed from a mixture of synthetic and biological DNA. In particular, it considers the stepwise covalent synthesis of DNA nanomaterials, unmediated assembly of DNA nanomaterials, hierarchical assembly, nucleated assembly, and algorithmic assembly. It then discusses DNA-directed assembly of heteromaterials such as proteins and peptides, gold nanoparticles, and multicomponent nanostructures. It also describes the use of complementary DNA cohesion as 'smart glue' for bringing together covalently linked functional groups, biomolecules, and nanomaterials. Finally, it evaluates the potential future of DNA-based self-assembly for nanoscale manufacturing for applications in medicine, electronics, photonics, and materials science.

scholarly journals 3D IMAGING OF INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES: A REVIEW

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Pirard
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shape Estimation ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Made In

In recent years, impressive progress has been made in digital imaging and in particular in three dimensional visualisation and analysis of objects. This paper reviews the most recent literature on three dimensional imaging with a special attention to particulate systems analysis. After an introduction recalling some important concepts in spatial sampling and digital imaging, the paper reviews a series of techniques with a clear distinction between the surfometric and volumetric principles. The literature review is as broad as possible covering materials science as well as biology while keeping an eye on emerging technologies in optics and physics. The paper should be of interest to any scientist trying to picture particles in 3D with the best possible resolution for accurate size and shape estimation. Though techniques are adequate for nanoscopic and microscopic particles, no special size limit has been considered while compiling the review.

Separation Standards—II

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Reich
Keyword(s):  
One Dimension ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Intensive Observation ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Separation Standards

In the first part of this series of papers an outline was given of the approach made at the Royal Aircraft Establishment to the problems of estimating collision risk and of specifying the quality of navigation needed to make separation standards safe. It was stressed that estimates should be based on intensive observation of flying errors, rather than on speculative theories, and that it is more feasible to develop ‘upper limit’ estimating techniques than those which purport to give the exact risk. In summary, a list of seven ‘requirements’ was given, as a reminder of the essential principles which can so easily be overlooked in the piecemeal task of relating separation standards to collision risk.The purpose of this paper is to show some of the theoretical techniques which have been developed at R.A.E. to satisfy five of these requirements. (The remaining two do not call for special techniques and will be dealt with when practical applications are described in Part III.) The paper contains three Appendixes, dealing with the frequency of losing separation in one dimension, the computation of P's from the assumed tail shapes, and the treatment of relative errors. These are not included here but will appear in the off-printed version which may be obtained from the Royal Aircraft Establishment.Both this paper and the paper that follows by Mr. Attwooll are crown copyright and are reproduced with the permission of H.M. Stationery Office.

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