Fluxes over Varanasi during intensive observation period of MONTBLEX-90

ABSTRACT. MONTBLEX-90 data for an Intensive Observational Period (IOP) was extracted to investigate the thunderstorm and its impacts on surface layer at Varanasi on 27 July 1990. Sensible heat flux has been computed by profile, aerodynamic and eddy correlation methods. In addition to that. momentum and moisture fluxes have been computed for comparative diagnosis of situations before, at the time and after thunderstorm, Monin-Obukhov similarity theory has been used for quantification of the fluxes. Findings indicate that surface is more buoyant at the time of thunderstorm. Under this influence, maxima of moisture and momentum fluxes occur at the tin1e of thunderstorm. However, heat flux was found to be maximum before the thunderstorm, The results provide an understanding of surface layer turbulent transfer during stable and unstable conditions.

Seasonal characteristics of atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in a coastal city of Southeast China: Explanatory factors and photochemical effects

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) acting as a typical indicator of photochemical pollution can redistribute NOx and modulate O3 production. Coupled with the observation-based model (OBM) and a generalized additive model (GAM), the intensive observation campaigns were conducted to reveal the pollution characteristics of PAN and its impact on O3, the contributions of influencing factors to PAN formation were also quantified in this paper. The F-values of GAM results reflecting the importance of the influencing factors showed that ultraviolet radiation (UV, F-value = 60.64), Ox (Ox = NO2+O3, 57.65), and air temperature (T, 17.55) were the main contributors in the PAN pollution in spring, while the significant effects of Ox (58.45), total VOCs (TVOCs, 21.63) and T (20.46) were found in autumn. The PAN formation rate in autumn was 1.58 times higher than that in spring, relating to the intense photochemical reaction and meteorological conditions. Without considering the transformation of peroxyacetyl radical (PA) and PAN, acetaldehyde contributed to the dominant production of PA (46 ± 4 %), followed by methylglyoxal (28 ± 3 %) and radical cycling (19 ± 3 %). The PAN formation was highly VOC-sensitive, and sufficient NOx (compared with VOCs abundance) would not be the limited factor for atmospheric photochemistry. PAN could promote or inhibit O3 formation under high or low ROx levels, respectively. The PAN promoting O3 formation mainly occurred during the periods of 11:00–16:00 (local time) when the favorable meteorological conditions (high UV and T) stimulated the photochemical reactions to offer ROx radicals, which accounted for 17 % of the whole monitoring periods in spring and 31 % in autumn. In this study, the formation mechanism of PAN and its effect on ozone were identified, which might be helpful to improve the scientific understanding of photochemical pollution in coastal areas.

Unpredictable cardiac arrest caused by blunt cardiac injuries with sternum fracture: a case report

Blunt cardiac injury (BCI) is common in road traffic accidents due to high energy injuries to the thorax and its structures, such as the anterior and posterior of the chest wall. The severity of BCI is high enough to cause many on-site deaths. However, patients with BCI may also be asymptomatic and exhibit normal findings; thus, diagnosis can be significantly challenging for many clinicians. Moreover, since BCI can be diagnosed through multiple serial tests, it is very important to always consider the possibility of BCI in high-risk patients . Diagnosis of BCI begins with suspicion of BCI, followed by repeated electrocardiograms, echocardiography, and cardiac biomarkers measurements along with intensive observation.

Lie symmetry analysis and invariant solutions of 3D Euler equations for axisymmetric, incompressible, and inviscid flow in the cylindrical coordinates

Through the Lie symmetry analysis method, the axisymmetric, incompressible, and inviscid fluid is studied. The governing equations that describe the flow are the Euler equations. Under intensive observation, these equations do not have a certain solution localized in all directions $(r,t,z)$ ( r , t , z ) due to the presence of the term $\frac{1}{r}$ 1 r , which leads to the singularity cases. The researchers avoid this problem by truncating this term or solving the equations in the Cartesian plane. However, the Euler equations have an infinite number of Lie infinitesimals; we utilize the commutative product between these Lie vectors. The specialization process procures a nonlinear system of ODEs. Manual calculations have been done to solve this system. The investigated Lie vectors have been used to generate new solutions for the Euler equations. Some solutions are selected and plotted as two-dimensional plots.

Pemberdayaan Akseptor Dan Kader Mengenal Efek Samping Kontrasepsi Hormonal Di Pustu Tanjung Kabupaten Ende

ABSTRAK Peserta KB aktif dan akseptor KB baru di kabupaten Ende 53,2 %, lebih memilih menggunakan alat kontrasepsi hormonal sedangkan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi lain berada dibawah 20%. Alat kontrasepsi suntik yang paling banyak digunakan, berikutnya implant dan pil. Akseptor yang mengalami efek samping kenaikan berat badan dan hipertensi 32 orang (11,03%), dan akseptor terbanyak berada di Puskesmas pembantu Tanjung. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pemberdayaan akseptor dan kader kesehatan mengenal efek samping penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, dimana sasarannya adalah kader dan akseptor. Metode yang digunakan adalah screening,ceramah, diskusi, simulasi dan praktikum oleh khalayak sasaran. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat menunjukan semua akseptor memiliki pengetahuan baik (83,33%) pada pretest sedangkan posttest (100%) namun belum tahu tentang lama penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal baik secara suntik, implant dan pil. Keterampilan yang dicapai adalah semua kader dan akseptor 28 orang (100%) dapat mengukur tinggi badan, menimbang berat badan, dan mengukur tekanan darah. Diharapkan pengamatan yang intensif dari bidan Pustu Tanjung dan dapat diperdaya oleh kader KB untuk membantu mengawasi efek samping kontrasepsi hormonal. Kunci : Pemberdayaan akseptor dan kader, efek samping kontrasepsi hormonal. ABSTRACT 53.2% of active family planning participants and new family planning acceptors in the Ende district prefer to use hormonal contraceptives while the choice of other contraceptives is below 20%. The most widely used injectable contraceptives are implants and pills. There were 32 acceptors who experienced side effects of weight gain and hypertension (11.03%), and the most acceptors were in the Tanjung auxiliary health center. Research in Kumasi sub-district, Ghana, India, because some acceptors experienced long and heavy menstruation, spotting, no menstruation, and vaginal discharge so they were afraid of modern contraceptive methods (Kimberly Daniels, 2015). The aim of this community service is to empower acceptors and health cadres to recognize the side effects of using hormonal contraceptives, where the targets are cadres and acceptors. The methods used are screening, lectures, discussions, simulations, and practicum by the target audience. The results of community service show that all acceptors have good knowledge (83.33%) at pretest while posttest (100%), but they do not know about the length of time using hormonal contraceptives both by injection, implant, and pill. The skill achieved is that all 28 cadres and acceptors (100%) can measure height, weight body weight, and measure blood pressure. It is hoped that intensive observation from the midwife of Pustu Tanjung and the family planning cadres can help to monitor the side effects of hormonal contraception. Keywords: Empowerment of acceptors and cadres, side effects of hormonal contraception.

Demonstration of a Consistent Relationship Between Dual-Frequency Reflectivity and the Mass-Weighted Mean Diameter in Measurements of Frozen Precipitation from GCPEX, OLYMPEX, and MC3E

The retrieval of the mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) is a fundamental component of spaceborne precipitation retrievals. The Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite is the first satellite to use Dual Wavelength Ratio measurements - the quotient of radar reflectivity factors (Z) measured at Ku and Ka wavelengths – to retrieve Dm. While it is established that DWR, being theoretically insensitive to changes in ice crystal mass and concentration, can provide a superior retrieval of Dm compared to Z based retrievals, the benefits of this retrieval have yet to be directly observed or quantified. In this study, DWR-Dm and Z-Dm relationships are empirically generated from collocated airborne radar and in-situ cloud particle probe measurements. Data is collected during nine intensive observation periods (IOPs) from three experiments representing different locations and times of year. Across IOPs with varying ice crystal concentrations, cloud temperatures, and storm types, Z-Dm relationships vary considerably while the DWR-Dm relationship remains consistent. This study confirms that a DWR-Dm relationship can provide a more accurate and consistent Dm retrieval than a Z-Dm relationship, quantified by a reduced overall RMSE (0.19 mm and 0.25 mm, respectively) and a reduced range of biases between experiments (0.11 mm and 0.32 mm, respectively).

Wintertime precipitation over the Australian Snowy Mountains: Observations from an Intensive Field Campaign 2018

Understanding the key dynamical and microphysical mechanisms driving precipitation in the Snowy Mountains region of southeast Australia, including the role of orography, can help improve precipitation forecasts, which is of great value for efficient water management. An intensive observation campaign was carried out during the 2018 austral winter, providing a comprehensive range of ground-based observations across the Snowy Mountains. We used data from three vertically pointing rain radars, cloud radar, a PARSIVEL disdrometer, and a network of 76 pluviometers. The observations reveal that all of the precipitation events were associated with cold front passages. About half accumulated during the frontal passage associated with deep, fully glaciated cloud tops; while the rest occurred in the post-frontal environment and was associated with clouds with supercooled liquid water (SLW) tops. About three quarters of the accumulated precipitation were observed under blocked conditions, likely associated with blocked stratiform orographic enhancement. Specifically, more than a third of the precipitation resulted from moist cloudless air being lifted over stagnant air, upwind from the barrier, creating SLW-top clouds. These SLW-clouds then produced stratiform precipitation mostly over the upwind slopes and mountain tops, with hydrometeors reaching the mountain tops mostly as rimed snow. Two precipitation events were studied in detail, which showed that during unblocked conditions, orographic convection invigoration and unblocked stratiform enhancement were the two main mechanisms driving the precipitation; with the latter being more prevalent after the frontal passage. During these events, ice particle growth was likely dominated by vapor deposition and aggregation during the frontal periods, while riming dominated during the post-frontal periods.

ISLAM AND RELIGIOUS MODERATION: THE ROLE OF SCHOOL LABORATORY IN NEGOTIATING RELIGIOUS MODERATION WITHIN THEOLOGICAL PLURALITY

This study aims to explore the implementation process of religious moderation carried out by the High School Laboratory of the Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia through its learning process. As an open educational institution, this school accepts students from various backgrounds, including the term of their religion. Encountering various ideologies in one learning platform is predicted to trigger tensions between religious adherents. But in fact, this school laboratory can minimize those potential tensions through various approaches. Based on an ethnographic approach, wherein the data gathered through intensive observation and in-depth interviews with several key informants, the results of this study reveal that the efforts made by school principals and teachers through strengthening the understanding of religious moderation concept, which is implemented into learning curricula and teaching models inside and outside of the school classroom, it turns out to be able to make students moderate and tolerant.

Analysis of the environment of a severe hailstorm in Mendoza, Argentina during the RELAMPAGO-CACTI field campaign

<p>Storms in the Mendoza province, Argentina are known for frequently producing large and severe hail. The environmental conditions and strong interaction with topography there provide unique conditions for the initiation and intensification of severe storms. The RELAMPAGO (Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations) and CACTI (Clouds, Aerosols, and Complex Terrain Interactions) field campaigns were deployed between October 2018 to April 2019 over west-central Argentina, and have collected unprecedented Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs) in the region. During the IOP number 10 on November 26, 2018, a severe hailstorm developed and moved across the observational network in the Mendoza domain. 4-cm diameter hail was reported over multiple hailpad sites and with in-situ measurements. Several soundings, mobile and fixed radar observations, and surface observations are available for this case, along with 1-min GOES-16 ABI Mesoscale Domain Sector (MDS) data coverage.</p><p>High-temporal frequency soundings and surface observations collected prior to the convection initiation are analyzed, allowing a detailed description of the storm environment. Processes leading to convective initiation over the higher terrain include the development of the upslope flow associated with a mountain-plains circulation, the weakening and ascent of the nocturnal inversion owing to diurnal heating and mixed-layer growth, and upper-level cooling related to the advance of a shortwave trough. Once the storm initiates, it moves eastward towards the lower terrain, where the higher CAPE and deep-layer shear environment support the transition into a supercell. It is after this transition that the most severe hail at the surface is observed.</p>

The Unconventional Eyewall Replacement Cycle of Hurricane Ophelia (2005)

Hurricane Ophelia (2005) underwent an unconventional eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) as it was a Category 1 storm located over cold sea surface temperatures near 23°C. The ERC was analyzed using airborne radar, flight-level, and dropsonde data collected during the Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment (RAINEX) intensive observation period on 11 September 2005. Results showed that the spin-up of the secondary tangential wind maximum during the ERC can be attributed to the efficient convergence of absolute angular momentum by the mid-level inflow of Ophelia’s dominantly stratiform rainbands. This secondary tangential wind maximum strongly contributed to the azimuthal mean tangential wind field, which is conducive for increased low-level supergradient winds and corresponding outflow. The low-level supergradient forcing enhanced convergence to form a secondary eyewall. Ophelia provides a unique example of an ERC occurring in a weaker storm with predominantly stratiform rainbands, suggesting an important role of stratiform precipitation processes in the development of secondary eyewalls.