DNA-based self-assembly of nanostructures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Carter ◽  
Chenxiang Lin ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Hao Yan ◽  
Thomas H. LaBean
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Directed Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Hierarchical Assembly ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
Nanoscale Manufacturing ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

This article examines the DNA-based self-assembly of nanostructures. It first reviews the development of DNA self-assembly and DNA-directed assembly, focusing on the main strategies and building blocks available in the modern molecular construction toolbox, including the design, construction, and analysis of nanostructures composed entirely of synthetic DNA, as well as origami nanostructures formed from a mixture of synthetic and biological DNA. In particular, it considers the stepwise covalent synthesis of DNA nanomaterials, unmediated assembly of DNA nanomaterials, hierarchical assembly, nucleated assembly, and algorithmic assembly. It then discusses DNA-directed assembly of heteromaterials such as proteins and peptides, gold nanoparticles, and multicomponent nanostructures. It also describes the use of complementary DNA cohesion as 'smart glue' for bringing together covalently linked functional groups, biomolecules, and nanomaterials. Finally, it evaluates the potential future of DNA-based self-assembly for nanoscale manufacturing for applications in medicine, electronics, photonics, and materials science.

Zeolates: A Coordination Chemistry View of Metal-Ligand Bonding in Intrazeolite MOCVD Type Precursors and Semiconductor Nanoclusters

1992 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey A. Ozin ◽  
Carol L. Bowes ◽  
Mark R. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shape Selective

ABSTRACTVarious MOCVD (metal-organic chemical vapour deposition) type precursors and their self-assembled semiconductor nanocluster products [1] have been investigated in zeolite Y hosts. From analysis of in situ observations (FTIR, UV-vis reflectance, Mössbauer, MAS-NMR) of the reaction sequences and structural features of the precursors and products (EXAFS and Rietveld refinement of powder XRD data) the zeolite is viewed as providing a macrospheroidal, multidendate coordination environment towards encapsulated guests. By thinking about the α- and β-cages of the zeolite Y host effectively as a zeolate ligand composed of interconnected aluminosilicate “crown ether-like” building blocks, the materials chemist is able to better understand and exploit the reactivity and coordination properties of the zeolite internal surface for the anchoring and self-assembly of a wide range of encapsulated guests. This approach helps with the design of synthetic strategies for creating novel guest-host inclusion compounds having possible applications in areas of materials science such as nonlinear optics, quantum electronics, and size/shape selective catalysis.

Novel Microfabrication Techniques for Highly Specific Programmed Assembly of Nanostructures

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji Kannan ◽  
Arun Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Nanoscale Manufacturing ◽  
Programmed Assembly ◽  
Parallel Fashion ◽  
Microfabrication Techniques

Chemically synthesized nanostructures such as nanowires1, carbon nanotubes2 and quantum dots3 possess extraordinary physical, electronic and optical properties that are not found in bulk matter. These characteristics make them attractive candidates for building subsequent generations of novel and superior devices that will find application in areas such as electronics, photonics, energy and biotechnology. In order to realize the full potential of these nanoscale materials, manufacturing techniques that combine the advantages of top-down lithography with bottom-up programmed assembly need to be developed, so that nanostructures can be organized into higher-level devices and systems in a rational manner. However, it is essential that nanostructure assembly occur only at specified locations of the substrate and nowhere else, since otherwise undesirable structures and devices will result. Towards this end, we have developed a hybrid micro/nanoscale-manufacturing paradigm that can be used to program the assembly of nanostructured building blocks at specific, pre-defined locations of a chip in a highly parallel fashion. As a prototype system we have used synthetic DNA molecules and gold nanoparticles modified with complementary DNA strands as the building blocks to demonstrate the highly selective and specific assembly of these nanomaterials on lithographically patterned substrates.

scholarly journals Cooperative Assembly of Asymmetric Carbonaceous Bivalve-Like Superstructures from Multiple Building Blocks

Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xie ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Chunhong Chen ◽  
Shanjun Mao ◽  
Yiqing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Porous Polymers ◽  
One Pot ◽  
In Suit ◽  
Cooperative Assembly ◽  
Ordered Porous

The assembly of superstructures from building blocks is of fundamental importance for engineering materials with distinct morphologies and properties, and deepening our understanding of self-assembly processes in nature. Up to now, it is still a great challenge in materials science to construct multiple-component superstructure with unprecedented architectural complexity and symmetry from molecular. Here, we demonstrate an improved one-pot hydrothermal carbonization of biomass strategy that is capable of fabricating unprecedented asymmetric carbonaceous bivalve-like superstructures with in suit generated solid particles and ordered porous polymers as two kinds of building blocks. In our system, different building blocks can be controllably generated, and they will assemble into complex superstructures through a proposed “cooperative assembly of particles and ordered porous polymers” mechanism. We believe that this assembly principle will open up new potential fields for the synthesis of superstructures with diverse morphologies, compositions, and properties.

Self-assembly and properties of low-dimensional nanomaterials based on π-conjugated organic molecules

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lv ◽  
Huibiao Liu ◽  
Yuliang Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Supramolecular Systems ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Supramolecular Architectures ◽  
Low Dimensional

Building supramolecular architectures with well-defined shapes and functions is of great importance in materials science, nanochemistry, and biomimetic chemistry. In recent years, we have devoted much effort to the construction of well-defined supramolecular structures through noncovalent forces such as hydrogen bonding, π-stacking, metal-ligand bonds, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, with the aid of functional building blocks. The morphologies and their physical properties were studied, and new methods for the construction of one-dimensional nanoscale structures have been developed. In this review, we summarize our recent studies on the design and synthesis of the supramolecular systems, as well as the physical properties of nanoscale structures.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Assembly Pathways of Spermine Induced Tubulin Conical-Spiral Architectures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raviv Dharan ◽  
Asaf Shemesh ◽  
Abigail Millgram ◽  
Yael Levi-Kalisman ◽  
Israel Ringel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hierarchical Assembly ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Assembly Pathways ◽  
Ray Scattering

<p>Tubulin dimers are flexible entities serving as building blocks for construction of cellular polymers essential for the cytoskeleton. The conformational state of the dimer dictates the exact formation of assembly and can be regulated by cellular factors including spermine. Using solution X-ray scattering and cryo-TEM measurements we studied the behavior of tubulin assembly in the presence of millimolar spermine concentrations. The results discovered novel structural architectures of tubulin polymers and revealing fascinating hierarchical self-associations based on unique tubulin conical-spiral (TCS) subunits.</p> <p> </p> <p>We followed the assembly pathways of tubulin dimers with different spermine concentrations, from milliseconds to days, and discovered multiple phase transitions with increasing spermine concentration. At 1 mM spermine, tubulin assembled into tubulin helical-pitch (THP) structures, resembling tubulin-rings. Above 1.5 mM spermine, tubulin assembled into TCS architectures. TCS is a unique tubulin assembly, serving as a new building block subunit. TCS assembled into different architectures . The predominant structure was TCS-tube (TCST) that further assembled in a remarkable antiparallel orientation which formed bundles with 2D-cubic and unique quasi-2D hexagonal lattices. Each TCST in the quasi-2D hexagonal lattice was surrounded by four antiparallel TCSTs and two parallel TCSTs. All the above assemblies have never been observed before. At higher spermine concentrations, tubulin assembled into twisted inverted tubulin tubules (ITTs).</p> <p>Here we also show for the first time, the hierarchical assembly pathways from tubulin dimer to each of the above structures, using time-resolved experiments with millisecond temporal resolution. We discovered that the structures that formed at low spermine concentrations were transient precursors of the structures formed at higher spermine concentrations. </p> <p> </p> <p>The results are based on high quality cryo-TEM images, cutting edge synchrotron solution X-ray scattering measurements and state-of-the-art data analysis, using our home developed groundbreaking analysis software, D+. </p> <p>The findings can be relevant to a broad research fields including studies which explore different arrangements of the cytoskeletal network, or studies exploring the attraction forces between proteins that dictate their mode of assembly and molecular designed self-assembly of natural and/or synthetic analogous.</p>

scholarly journals Robust nucleation control via crisscross polymerization of DNA slats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionis Minev ◽  
Christopher M. Wintersinger ◽  
Anastasia Ershova ◽  
William M. Shih
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Spontaneous Nucleation ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
Half Duplex ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Nanoscale Features

AbstractNatural biomolecular assemblies such as actin filaments or microtubules polymerize in a nucleation-limited fashion1,2. The barrier to nucleation arises in part from chelate cooperativity, where stable capture of incoming monomers requires straddling multiple subunits on a filament end3. For programmable self-assembly from building blocks such as synthetic DNA4–23, it is likewise desirable to be able to suppress spontaneous nucleation24–31. However, existing approaches that exploit just a low level of cooperativity can limit spontaneous nucleation only for slow growth, near-equilibrium conditions32. Here we introduce ultracooperative assembly of ribbons densely woven from single-stranded DNA slats. An inbound “crisscross” slat snakes over and under six or more previously captured slats on a growing ribbon end, forming weak but specific half-duplex interactions with each. We demonstrate growth of crisscross ribbons with distinct widths and twists to lengths representing many thousands of slat additions. Strictly seed-initiated extension is attainable over a broad range of temperatures, divalent-cation concentrations, and free-slat concentrations, without unseeded ribbons arising even after a hundred hours to the limit of agarose-gel detection. We envision that crisscross assembly will be broadly enabling for all-or-nothing formation of microstructures with nanoscale features, algorithmic self-assembly, and signal amplification in diagnostic applications requiring extreme sensitivity.

scholarly journals Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1140-1150
Author(s):  
Huan Ren ◽  
Lifang Wu ◽  
Lina Tan ◽  
Yanni Bao ◽  
Yuchen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Functional Biomaterials ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

Biomolecules, such as proteins and peptides, can be self-assembled. They are widely distributed, easy to obtain, and biocompatible. However, the self-assembly of proteins and peptides has disadvantages, such as difficulty in obtaining high quantities of materials, high cost, polydispersity, and purification limitations. The difficulties in using proteins and peptides as functional materials make it more complicate to arrange assembled nanostructures at both microscopic and macroscopic scales. Amino acids, as the smallest constituent of proteins and the smallest constituent in the bottom-up approach, are the smallest building blocks that can be self-assembled. The self-assembly of single amino acids has the advantages of low synthesis cost, simple modeling, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability in vivo. In addition, amino acids can be assembled with other components to meet multiple scientific needs. However, using these simple building blocks to design attractive materials remains a challenge due to the simplicity of the amino acids. Most of the review articles about self-assembly focus on large molecules, such as peptides and proteins. The preparation of complicated materials by self-assembly of amino acids has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, it is of great significance to systematically summarize the literature of amino acid self-assembly. This article reviews the recent advances in amino acid self-assembly regarding amino acid self-assembly, functional amino acid self-assembly, amino acid coordination self-assembly, and amino acid regulatory functional molecule self-assembly.

scholarly journals Nanoscale Crystalline Sheets and Vesicles Assembled from Nonplanar Cyclic π-Conjugated Molecules

Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Tang ◽  
Zhewei Gu ◽  
Haifeng Ding ◽  
Zhibo Li ◽  
Shiyan Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Molecular Scaffolds ◽  
Conjugated Molecules ◽  
New Class ◽  
Supramolecular Architectures ◽  
Cyclic Molecules

A fundamental challenge in chemistry and materials science is to create new carbon nanomaterials by assembling structurally unique carbon building blocks, such as nonplanar π-conjugated cyclic molecules. However, self-assembly of such cyclic π-molecules to form organized nanostructures has been rarely explored despite intensive studies on their chemical synthesis. Here we synthesized a family of new cycloparaphenylenes and found that these fully hydrophobic and nonplanar cyclic π-molecules could self-assemble into structurally distinct two-dimensional crystalline multilayer nanosheets. Moreover, these crystalline multilayer nanosheets could overcome inherent rigidity to curve into closed crystalline vesicles in solution. These supramolecular assemblies show that the cyclic molecular scaffolds are homogeneously arranged on the surface of nanosheets and vesicles with their molecular isotropic x-y plane standing obliquely on the surface. These supramolecular architectures that combined exact crystalline order, orientation-specific arrangement of π-conjugated cycles, controllable morphology, uniform molecular pore, superior florescence quench ability, and photoluminescence are expected to give rise to a new class of functional materials displaying unique photonic, electronic, and biological functions.

Factors Affecting Molecular Self-Assembly and Its Mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hueyling Tan
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Wide Range

Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature and has emerged as a new approach to produce new materials in chemistry, engineering, nanotechnology, polymer science and materials. Molecular self-assembly has been attracting increasing interest from the scientific community in recent years due to its importance in understanding biology and a variety of diseases at the molecular level. In the last few years, considerable advances have been made in the use ofpeptides as building blocks to produce biological materials for wide range of applications, including fabricating novel supra-molecular structures and scaffolding for tissue repair. The study ofbiological self-assembly systems represents a significant advancement in molecular engineering and is a rapidly growing scientific and engineering field that crosses the boundaries ofexisting disciplines. Many self-assembling systems are rangefrom bi- andtri-block copolymers to DNA structures as well as simple and complex proteins andpeptides. The ultimate goal is to harness molecular self-assembly such that design andcontrol ofbottom-up processes is achieved thereby enabling exploitation of structures developed at the meso- and macro-scopic scale for the purposes oflife and non-life science applications. Such aspirations can be achievedthrough understanding thefundamental principles behind the selforganisation and self-synthesis processes exhibited by biological systems.

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