What Cognitive Psychology Can Tell Us About Educational Computer Games

Author(s):  
Michael K. Gardner ◽  
David L. Strayer

Developers of educational computer games often have incomplete knowledge of the cognitive abilities of learners, yet this knowledge can be useful in informing game design. This chapter reviews two important cognitive abilities that underlie learning: working memory and attentional capacity/executive function. From a description of the developmental course of each ability, we derive a set of recommendations for game developers to follow when designing games for learners of different ages. The chapter next reviews the psychology of transfer of training, including two major theories on the issue. The doctrine of identical elements appears to give the better description of how transfer occurs from training environment (the educational computer game) to target environment (real world performance of the learned skill). It is recommended that games embody, as closely as possible, the end behavior they hope to produce, as this will produce maximal transfer. Finally, we review some controversial research demonstrating distant transfer in computer video gaming.

Author(s):  
Michael K. Gardner ◽  
David L. Strayer

Developers of educational computer games often have incomplete knowledge of the cognitive abilities of learners, yet this knowledge can be useful in informing game design. This chapter reviews two important cognitive abilities that underlie learning: working memory and attentional capacity/executive function. From a description of the developmental course of each ability, we derive a set of recommendations for game developers to follow when designing games for learners of different ages. The chapter next reviews the psychology of transfer of training, including two major theories on the issue. The doctrine of identical elements appears to give the better description of how transfer occurs from training environment (the educational computer game) to target environment (real world performance of the learned skill). It is recommended that games embody, as closely as possible, the end behavior they hope to produce, as this will produce maximal transfer. Finally, we review some controversial research demonstrating distant transfer in computer video gaming.


Author(s):  
Patrick Stacey ◽  
Joe Nandhakumar

There is little research into the emotional dimension of creative industry personnel, such as computer game designers, and how emotions relate to their creative practices and work-related events. Such socioemotional work is the focus of this chapter. There is a practice-centered relevance to this topic too – it is reported that there exists a poor quality of life in many global game studios. Given our deficient knowledge of emotions in computer game development, and the practical resonance of this topic, our key research question is: What emotions, creative practices and work-related events characterize emotional journeys in computer game design teams, and how do these characteristics inter-relate? To explore and answer this research question, we draw on an in-depth field study of a computer games studio in Singapore. The chapter offers a theory of emotion-mediated improvisation as a coping model for the tumultuous emotional journeys that game developers endure.


Author(s):  
Sahar Shabanah

Data structures and algorithms are important foundation topics in computer science education. However, they are often complex and hard to understand. Therefore, this chapter introduces a new learning strategy that benefits from computer games’ popularity and engagement to help students understand algorithms better by designing computer games that visualize algorithms. To teach an algorithm, an educational computer game, namely an Algorithm Game must have a game-play that simulates the behavior of the visualized algorithm and graphics depict the features of its data structure. Algorithm games attract students to learn algorithm using active engagement, enjoyment, and internal motivation. Algorithm Games attributes and genres that make them suitable to visualize algorithms have been specified. Various concepts in computer game design have been applied in the development of several algorithm games prototypes for algorithms, such as Binary Search, Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Selection Sort, Linked List, and Binary Search Tree Operations.


Author(s):  
Tetiana Luhova

The article touches on the issues of humanization of modern technologically advanced education, analyzes the synergy factors of information technology and spiritually-oriented pedagogy to prepare a new generation of humanist managers. For this, the role of narrative and storytelling in the process of creating educational computer games that form the competence of making managerial decisions is determined. An analysis of the knowledge structure of educational games on the basis of the proposed methodology for developing their plot shows the need to balance the processes of formalization of educational processes in the game, preserving narrative by referring to works of folk art, classical fiction as sources of implicit knowledge. The threats of formalization and automation of modern education are described. It has been found that “relay” learning is superficial, it does not contribute to the formation of critical and systemic thinking. As a result, this leads to the emergence of a generation of techno-button-managers. It is indicated that the preservation and effective translation of deep narratives containing educational humanistic meanings is a priority for designers of educational video games. The components of the game by D. Gray, game history and pedagogical strategies in the MDA model are compared, which made it possible to clarify the meaning of the terms “narrative”, “plot”, “storytelling”, to determine the place of their greatest actualization in the process of creating educational computer games. Considering the general tendency of the techno-environment to reduce, optimize and formalize, the task of preserving tacit knowledge, correct translation of it into over-formalized knowledge (morals, formulas) through effective storytelling, embodied in "active learning" of computer games, is crucial. In this case, the narrative plays the role of a base of spiritual-oriented knowledge, and with the help of storytelling it balances the spiritual-ethical meanings and educational results of a business video game. The meaning of the terms "narratives" and "storytelling" is considered, the Ukrainian-language terms-analogues are proposed. The importance of adhering to the principle of non-linear game plot for increasing the effectiveness of business games is revealed. The close relationship of business games with case studies, project- and problem-based training was emphasized. The correlation of narratology and ludology of the game is shown in the matrix of transformation of professional competencies and procedures for making managerial decisions into the rules of the game, their metaphorization and translation into script phrases. It is shown that the gamification of training exercises and situations is a synergy of creative and information-analytical work with databases and game design project documents. The core of educational game design is the balance of narrative and storytelling, explicit and implicit knowledge. This balance is achieved through effective collaboration and communication between all participants in the educational and business processes. Creation of virtual learning environments in which a future leader has an opportunity to formulate and comprehensively develop the competencies of business communication and managerial decision-making in situations of uncertainty and ethical dilemmas is a promising area of digital education.


Author(s):  
Bogdan A. Shmelev

The definition of the concept of a computer game and the content of the parameters included in it are given. The types of computer games and how they are used for didactic purposes are considered. The main types of games include: design programs; dramatization (fairy tale con-structors); developing computer programs aimed at developing visually-motor coordination in space; puzzles, games for the development of logical thinking; games for the development of at-tention and memory. The analysis of a number of advantages of computer games in the educational process is carried out. These include the following provisions: a large number of ways to provide information; a positive effect on the motivation and interest of students in the educational process; the variability of the ways in which the problems are solved, as well as control over their solution and formulation; a huge toolkit designed to control the activities of students; a beneficial effect on the development of introspection skills. We also consider the distribution of learning games according to different groups, depending on their nature of activity related to cognition. Game methodology and its basic principles are considered. The main principles are meaningfulness of learning; learning context; multivariance. The main suggestions for the proper use of computer games in the educational process are also considered. The main point will be the emergence of motivation to learn. Two fundamental principles of the motivation phase are also analyzed, which should be considered when choosing a computer game in the educational process. These include such principles of the phases of motivation as: research and culture. An analysis of how to use games, especially their educational part, to ensure a successful educational process is carried out.


2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Dedeaux ◽  
Taralynn Hartsell

Background. Educational computer games can enhance learner engagement and content knowledge gain. Video games based on Malone’s theory of game design that involve challenge, fantasy, and curiosity can help improve learning. Aim. The purpose of the study is to compare differences between two drill-and-skill games to learn French phrases. Variables examined were student engagement, content knowledge gain, and demographical implications (e.g., gender, minority status, and socio-economic status). One of the games in the study meets Malone’s theory of game design. Method. This quasi-experimental study divides participants into two groups, each playing a different type of drill-and-skill game. Instruments to collect data include a pre- and post-test on French phrases and a digital game engagement questionnaire. Participants receive a short instructional session, game play time, and instruments to complete. Results. No significant results have been found in content knowledge gain and engagement between participants in the pre- and post-tests. A slight difference in relation to minority status has been discovered. Feedback from the participants show a positive response toward the games, except that some distraction and technicality have interfered with their learning. Conclusion. Although results are inconclusive, drill-and-skill computer games can be a tool to enhance learning and provide student engagement.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juvane Nunes Marciano ◽  
Leonardo Cunha de Miranda ◽  
Erica Esteves Cunha de Miranda

Evaluation is an important step in the life cycle of software, once through this practice it is possible to find issues that could compromise the user experience. With educational computer games, the same rule is applied. The use of educational games is increasing, and it is important to verify these tools to provide users with the most adequate learning environments. This verification can be made through the evaluation of multiple aspects of these tools. This work presents a literature review about evaluation of multiple aspects of software, followed by a more specific review focused on multiple aspects of educational computer games. Then, a case study is presented, in which an evaluation method is applied with an educational computer game, aiming to verify the positives and the issues to be improved in the game. The reviews and the description of the process to use the method intend to help and guide other researchers to choose evaluation methods that can fit their own context and needs.


2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Oksana A. Kucheruk

The article deals with the problem of forming the lexical competence of younger teenage pupils with the use of computer games in the process of learning the Ukrainian language, the ways of its solution and the corresponding methodical recommendations are offered. The importance of creating and using computer games in order to improve the quality level of Ukrainian-language education is substantiated. The essence of the concepts of «lexical competence», «educational computer game» is specified. On the basis of analysis of scientific works, synthesis of educational and methodological ideas, generalization of own experience of pedagogical work the conditions of effective use of educational computer games within the limits of Ukrainian-language education are determined. It has been established that the integration of computer games into the traditional Ukrainian language learning system helps to provide internal motivation for learning, activating pupils ‘cognitive activity, forming general and substantive competencies. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of educational computer games in the language training of students depends on the level of professional education, ICT competence and linguodidactic skill of a teacher-translator. The educational potential of an interactive educational game complex is described, which is to stimulate interest in teaching the Ukrainian language and creates opportunities for the formation of lexical competence on the basis of electronic linguodidactics.


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