Recent Innovations in Coronary Stents

2017 ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
Poulomi Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Plaque Deposition ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
Fatty Plaque

In heart diseases, there are frequent incidents of narrowing or blocking coronary arteries by fatty plaque deposition. As a result, blood pressure rises and the arteries weaken. This can lead to rapid rupture of the blood vessels, also known as heart attack or brain stroke. In some cases the arteries lose elasticity over old age. Heart stent or coronary stent inserts in the blocked/fragile region of coronary artery. It helps to expand the artery to allow free flow of blood and consequently, reduces blood pressure. Over past 20 years there are many modifications and innovations in the field of cardiac stents, in this chapter we will discuss few of those.

Recent Innovations in Coronary Stents

2019 ◽  
pp. 346-356
Author(s):  
Poulomi Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Plaque Deposition ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
Fatty Plaque

In heart diseases, there are frequent incidents of narrowing or blocking coronary arteries by fatty plaque deposition. As a result, blood pressure rises and the arteries weaken. This can lead to rapid rupture of the blood vessels, also known as heart attack or brain stroke. In some cases the arteries lose elasticity over old age. Heart stent or coronary stent inserts in the blocked/fragile region of coronary artery. It helps to expand the artery to allow free flow of blood and consequently, reduces blood pressure. Over past 20 years there are many modifications and innovations in the field of cardiac stents, in this chapter we will discuss few of those.

scholarly journals The Dominance Pattern of Coronary Artery of Adult Bangladeshi People- A Postmortem Morphological Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
MA Hussain ◽  
A Nahar ◽  
S Ara
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
B 41 ◽  
Group A ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Group B ◽  
Dominance Pattern

Background: Incidence of the heart disease increases day by day in Bangladesh. Recent advances in cardiac surgery and the search for new techniques toward investigation of the heart are demanding a review of the anatomy of the coronary arteries. Method: The present study was performed on sixty (60) adult postmortem human hearts of Bangladeshi people. The samples were divided into 3 age groups: Group A (20 to 40 years) consists of 35 male & 7 female samples, Group B (41 to 60 years) consists of 3 female samples and Group C (61 to 75 years) consists of 7 male samples. Results: In the present study, dominance pattern of the coronary artery was right for male in-group A, B, C were 32 (91.4%), 7(87.5%), 6(85.7%), respectively and for female were 6 (85.7%). 3 (100%) respectively. It was left for male in-group A, B, C were 3 (8.6%), 1 (12.5%), 1(14.3%), respectively and for female was 1 (14.3%). Conclusion: The results of the present study can be helpful to the cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons in the proper diagnosis and management of the heart diseases. Key words : Postmortem heart, Coronary arteries, Ischaemic heart disease.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8200 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1) : 21-25  

Selective Beta-1 Receptor Blockade Further Reduces the Mechanically Stabilized Target Coronary Artery Motion during Beating Heart Surgery

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Wakamatsu ◽  
Toshiki Watanabe ◽  
Yoshiyuki Sato ◽  
Shinya Takase ◽  
Sadao Omata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Beating Heart ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Off Pump ◽  
Coronary Artery Motion ◽  
Pump Coronary Artery Bypass

Objective Adequate stabilization of anastomosis sites during off-pump coronary artery bypass is essential to obtain excellent graft patency. We examined the effect of beta-1 adrenergic receptor blockade on the target coronary artery motion by three-dimensional (3D) digital motion capture and reconstruction technology. Methods Eight pigs underwent a sternotomy. Reflection markers were attached to the surface coronary arteries, followed by a mechanical stabilizer application. Two high-speed digital cameras captured two-dimensional (2D) motion of the markers from different angles. These 2D data were reconstructed into 3D data points, representing the motion of each coronary artery. Landiolol hydrochloride, a novel selective beta-1 receptor blocker, was infused intravenously after acquisition of control data. Results Beta-1 receptor blockade decreased heart rate (105 ± 16 vs. 90 ± 9 beat/min; P = 0.007) without decreasing arterial blood pressure. The 3D distance moved (millimeter) during one cardiac cycle was significantly reduced on the left anterior descending (9.6 ± 2.8 vs. 6.6 ± 1.9 mm; P = 0.003), left circumflex (10.5 ± 6.3 vs. 6.4 ± 2.6 mm; P = 0.038), and right coronary (8.3 ± 3.6 vs. 6.5 ± 2.1 mm; P = 0.028) arteries. Reduction in the maximal velocity, maximal acceleration, and maximal deceleration of the anastomosis site in all coronary arteries was also found in a quantitative fashion. Conclusions Selective beta-1 receptor blockade significantly reduces the 3D motion at anastomosis sites on the beating heart, with stable systemic blood pressure. Further quantitative investigations of pharmacological stabilization are warranted to achieve better outcome of the patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

scholarly journals The prevalence and types of coronary artery abnormalities in pediatric patients with Tetralogy of Fallot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Mehdizadegan ◽  
Kholud Saeidi ◽  
Kambiz Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
P Value ◽  
Coronary Anomalies ◽  
Coronary Artery Abnormalities ◽  
Operation Knowledge ◽  
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases

Abstract Objectives: Tetralogy of fallot (TOF) is one of the most common diseases among cyanotic congenital heart diseases which is associated with 2-23% of coronary artery abnormalities. Pre-operation knowledge the anatomy of coronary arteries in patients with TOF eliminates damage to them during surgery and prevents post-operative complications such as myocardial ischemia and heart failure.Materials and methods:This retrospective study was done on all patients with TOF who were referred for diagnostic catheterization and angiography before total surgical correction from 2006-2016. All patients entered the study and all angiographic views including extreme caudal, LAO cranial , and selective coronary artery angiography were evaluated and reviewed accurately.Results: 332 cases of patients with TOF including from one month to 36 years old were reviewed. The prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities among them was 11.4% (38 from 322 individual). 9.1% and 15.3% of males and females had abnormal coronary anomalies but it was not significant statically (p-value: 0.064). In 13 of 38 patients with coronary anomalies , coronary arteries crossed right ventricular out flow tract (RVOT)(3.4%). The most common coronary abnormality was origin of the both main coronary arteries from left sinus of Valsalva.Conclusion:Compared with other populations, the abnormal arteries among the patients with TOF in our study is significant (11.4%) and accurate assessment of their courses is necessary before surgery. Single origin of coronary arteries from the left side was the most common finding in our study too.

scholarly journals Alternate recurrent coronary artery spasm and stress cardiomyopathy: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Jin ◽  
Qiming Li ◽  
Xiaogang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Coronary Artery Spasm ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Stress Cardiomyopathy ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
The Third

Abstract Background Coronary artery spasm (CAS) and stress cardiomyopathy (SC) have different characteristic clinical manifestations in the case of suspicious myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries. Established recurrence rates of both conditions have been reported, however, alternate recurrent CAS and SC in the same individual have not been described. Case presentation A 59-year-old man suffered from atypical chest pain in the first episode, acute heart attack in the second and third episodes (totally 3 times over a period of approximately 5 years). During the first episode, he visited our hospital with mild paroxysmal chest pain without obvious inducement for approximately 2 years. He was underdiagnosed at that time without other obvious findings except the poor R wave progression in V1–3 leads revealed in electrocardiogram. At 4 months after the first episode, he suffered from a heart attack (the second episode) and was diagnosed with SC based on the coronary angiography (CAG) and left ventriculography findings of nonobstructive coronary arteries combined with a classic apical ballooning shape. At 31 months after the second episode, he suffered another heart attack (the third episode) and was diagnosed with CAS based on the CAG results of recoverable severe multivessel stenoses. During the episodes, partial reversible nature of apical hypokinesis was observed in echocardiogram. In retrospect, the patient suffered silent CAS in the first episode, SC in the second episode, and severe multivessel CAS in the third episode. Conclusion The unusual presentations observed in this case have not been reported. This case suggests that cardiologists should be aware of the possibility of alternate recurrent CAS and SC in the same individual. Provocative tests for spasm and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging might help gain more insights into this issue.

Regularities in the distribution of myocardial bridges over the branches of the coronary arteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
E. G. Dmitrieva ◽  
A. A. Yakimov
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Macroscopic Anatomy ◽  
Myocardial Bridges ◽  
The Right

The article highlights peculiarities of localization of myocardial bridges. It is believed that the coronary arteries and their branches are located in the subepicardial tissue. However, some researchers describe cases of intramural localization of their sections. Myocardial bridges – a set of fibers of the ventricular myocardium located over a certain area of the subepicardial branch of the coronary artery - represent variants of such localization.The aim of the study was to establish the patterns of macroscopic anatomy and topography of myocardial bridges investigating anatomical sections of the human heart in the adult and elderly people. Material and methods. The study involved 65 formalin-fixed sample preparations of the human heart of the adult and elderly people who died of conditions that were not associated with heart diseases. The authors measured transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the ventricular complex of the heart, and calculated the transverse-longitudinal index. Subepicardial vessels were prepared without prior injection. The number of myocardial bridges over the main branches of the coronary arteries was counted and their length was measured. The type of blood supply to the heart was determined according to a three-member classification, depending on the source of discharge of the posterior interventricular branch. Results. Myocardial bridges were observed on 44 (67.6%) sample preparations. As a rule, they were located over the branches of the left coronary artery (91.5%). They were typically located in the proximal half of the anterior interventricular sulcus. The length of the bridges ranged from 2.5 to 64 mm (Me = 13 mm). A direct positive correlation was found between the length of the ventricular complex of the heart and the length of the bridges. The relationship between the type of blood supply to the heart and the presence of bridges was not revealed. In 26 preparations, a cone artery departed from the right coronary sinus of the aorta, in addition to the right coronary artery, and bridges were observed in 17 sample preparations. Conclusion. Myocardial bridges are more typical for the branches of the left coronary artery compared to the right. They are typically localized in the proximal third of the anterior interventricular sulcus. There is a dependence between the length of the bridges and the length of the ventricular complex of the heart. The distribution and number of myocardial bridges does not depend on the type of blood supply to the heart, but is associated with the independent discharge of the cone artery from the aorta.

Cardiac Glycosides – The Review of Remedies in congestive heart Failure

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-190
Author(s):  
R. Ramasubramania Raja ◽  
Haribabu Y. ◽  
C.I Sajeeth
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Artery Disease

Congestive heart failure, occurs when our heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it must. Certain conditions, such as narrowed arteries in your heart (coronary artery disease) or high blood pressure, gradually leave your heart too weak or stiff to fill and pump efficiently. Herbal drugs like digitalis, squill, and stropanthus commonly find the treatment of heart diseases. Caridio active glycosides like having the purpurea glycosides A and B present in the herb of digitalis, glucoscillaren A and scillarenase having the squill and strophanthus having strophanthoside.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Independent Impact of Renal Function Decline on Coronary Artery Calcification in Patients Undergone Cardiac CT Scan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnam Amouei ◽  
Ramezan Jafari ◽  
Mohammad Amin Khaje Azad ◽  
Sajjad Rezvan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
P Value ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Lower Egfr

Background: Cardiovascular events are the leading global cause of death. Calcification of coronary arteries is a common complication of renal failure and the leading cause of death in this population. However, its multifactorial mechanism is not fully understood. Objectives: The current study aimed to, firstly, investigate the association between renal dysfunction and the calcification of coronary arteries in patients with severe and milder stages of renal failure and, secondly, to determine the role of this variable by eliminating the effect of established confounding factors. Methods: Following a retrospective design, 261 patients with cardiovascular risk factors or atypical symptoms were investigated. Estimated GFR (glomerular filtration rate) was calculated using both Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD equations. An ECG-gated multidetector CT scan was performed to calculate CACS (coronary artery calcification score) using the Agatston method. The presence of significant CAC (coronary artery calcification) was defined as CACS > 100. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 134 cases were diagnosed with CAC, and the mean CACS was 83.4 ± 18. According to univariate analysis, older age, male gender, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and higher TG levels were correlated with the degree of CAC. HbA1C showed a weak correlation with CACS (P-value = 0.04). Renal insufficiency resulted in increased CAC, and lower eGFR (calculated with both Cockgraft-Gault and MDRD equations) was associated with higher calcification (P-value < 0.01). Our analysis shows that serum Ca, P, LDL, and HDL levels do not have a significant influence on calcification changes. After adjusting for confounding factors, male sex, age, triglyceride level, and eGFR were recognized as independent risk factors for CACS ≥ 100, a marker of coronary artery atherosclerosis. However, HbA1C and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were no longer considered as factors that contribute to the risk of CAC. Conclusions: We observed a gradual and independent association between lower eGFR and higher CAC scores.

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