Optical Analysis of Solar Concentrators Using Photogrammetry Process

2017 ◽  
pp. 175-201
Author(s):  
Safa Skouri ◽  
Salwa Bouadila
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Geometric Errors ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Optical Efficiency ◽  
Solar Concentrators ◽  
Displacement Error ◽  
Slope Error

As the optical efficiency of solar concentrators has a high impact on its thermal performance. However a qualification method determining the geometrical accuracy of a solar concentrator system is necessary. The purpose of this chapter is to gives an optical analysis of solar concentrator with an imaging process in order to improve the thermal efficiency of the solar concentrator. In this order measurement techniques used to determine geometric errors of the solar concentrating system have been described. Intercept factor, slope error and displacement error have been identified and analyzed. Examples of the intercept factor for concentrator reflector along with optical efficiency has been developed and determined related to the experimental results given by photogrammetry measurement technique.

Optical Analysis of a Heliostat Array With Linked Tracking

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Dunham ◽  
R. Kasetty ◽  
A. Mathur ◽  
W. Lipiński
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Optical Performance ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Optical Efficiency ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual ◽  
East West

The optical performance of a novel solar concentrator consisting of a 400 spherical heliostat array and a linked two-axis tracking system is analyzed using the Monte Carlo ray-tracing technique. The optical efficiency and concentration ratio are compared for four different heliostat linkage configurations, including linkages of 1 × 1, 1 × 2, 2 × 2, 4 × 4, and 5 × 5 heliostats for 7-hour operation and the selected months of June and December. The optical performance of the concentrator decreases with the increasing number of heliostats in the individual groups due to increasing optical inaccuracies. In June, the best-performing linked configuration, in which 1 heliostat in the east-west direction and 2 heliostats in the north-south direction are linked, provides a monthly-averaged 7-hour optical efficiency and average concentration ratio of 79% and 511 suns, respectively. In December, the optical efficiency and the average concentration ratio decreases to 61% and 315 suns, respectively.

Analysis and Design of Two Stretched-Membrane Parabolic Dish Concentrators

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Mancini
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Optical Efficiency ◽  
Solar Concentrators ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Parabolic Dish ◽  
Glass Metal

The state-of-the-art of parabolic dish solar concentrators is the faceted, glass-metal dish. The mass production costs of glass-metal dishes may be high because they do not incorporate the innovations of design and materials developed over the last eight years. Therefore, Sandia National Laboratories has undertaken to develop two stretched-membrane parabolic dish concentrators for the Department of Energy’s Solar Thermal Program. These solar concentrators are being designed for integration with an advanced solar receiver and a Stirling engine/generator in a 25-kWe power production unit. The first dish, which builds on the successful design of the stretched-membrane heliostats, is to be a low risk, near-term commercial solar concentrator. This solar concentrator comprises 12 large, 3.6-m diameter, stretched-membrane facets that are formed into parabolic shapes either with a large vacuum or by performing the thin membranes plastically. The focal length-to-diameter ratios (f/Ds) for the facets are about 3.0, relatively large for a dish but much lower than heliostats where they typically range from 50 to 100. Two contractors are currently fabricating facets for this dish, and a third contractor is designing the facet support structure and pedestal for the dish. The second stretched-membrane concentrator is a single-element monolithic dish with an f/D of 0.6. The dish is shaped into a parabola by plastically yielding the membrane using a combination of uniform and nonuniform loading. Initial measurements of the dish indicate that it has a slope error of 2.6 milliradians (one standard deviation) relative to a perfect parabola. In this paper, the designs of the two stretched-membrane dishes are analyzed using the computer code CIRCE to model the optical performance of the concentrators and a thermal model, which includes conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer, to calculate the thermal losses from the cavity solar receivers. The solar collector efficiency, defined as the product of the optical efficiency of the collector and the thermal efficiency of the receiver, is optimized for comparing the performance of several solar concentrator configurations. Ten facet arrangements for the faceted stretched-membrane dish and the single-element stretched-membrane dish are modeled and their performances compared with that of a state-of-the-art glass-metal dish. Last, the initial designs of these two stretched-membrane dishes are described along with the results of preliminary performance measurements on their respective optical elements.

scholarly journals Optical Simulation and Experimental Verification of a Fresnel Solar Concentrator with a New Hybrid Second Optical Element

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiqiang Li ◽  
Yi Jin
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Flux Distribution ◽  
Deflection Angle ◽  
Optical Element ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Optical Simulation ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Optical Efficiency ◽  
Solar Concentrators

Fresnel solar concentrator is one of the most common solar concentrators in solar applications. For high Fresnel concentrating PV or PV/T systems, the second optical element (SOE) is the key component for the high optical efficiency at a wider deflection angle, which is important for overcoming unavoidable errors from the tacking system, the Fresnel lens processing and installment technology, and so forth. In this paper, a new hybrid SOE was designed to match the Fresnel solar concentrator with the concentration ratio of 1090x. The ray-tracing technology was employed to indicate the optical properties. The simulation outcome showed that the Fresnel solar concentrator with the new hybrid SOE has a wider deflection angle scope with the high optical efficiency. Furthermore, the flux distribution with different deviation angles was also analyzed. In addition, the experiment of the Fresnel solar concentrator with the hybrid SOE under outdoor condition was carried out. The verifications from the electrical and thermal outputs were all made to analyze the optical efficiency comprehensively. The optical efficiency resulting from the experiment is found to be consistent with that from the simulation.

Dual-sensitized upconversion-assisted, triple-band absorbing luminescent solar concentrators

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
pp. 17265-17271
Author(s):  
Seong Kyung Nam ◽  
Kiwon Kim ◽  
Ji-Hwan Kang ◽  
Jun Hyuk Moon
Keyword(s):  
Solar Light ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Solar Concentrators ◽  
Luminescent Solar Concentrators ◽  
Luminescent Solar Concentrator ◽  
Triple Band

Luminescent solar concentrator-photovoltaic systems (LSC-PV) harvest solar light by using transparent photoluminescent plates, which is expected to be particularly useful for building-integrated PV applications.

scholarly journals Cost-effective solar concentrators based on red fluorescent Zn(ii)–salicylaldiminato complex

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. 17474-17482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Minei ◽  
Elisabetta Fanizza ◽  
Antonio M. Rodríguez ◽  
Ana B. Muñoz-García ◽  
Paola Cimino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Complex ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Solar Concentrators ◽  
Luminescent Solar Concentrator

A red light and concentrated zinc complex embedded in PMMA yields a cost-effective and efficient luminescent solar concentrator.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Absorptive/Reflective Crossed CPC PV/T System

Designs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Muhsin Aykapadathu ◽  
Mehdi Nazarinia ◽  
Nazmi Sellami
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Control ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Acceptance Angle ◽  
Optical Efficiency ◽  
Compound Parabolic Concentrator ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Experimental Rig ◽  
T System

A crossed compound parabolic concentrator (CCPC) is a non-imaging concentrator which is a modified form of a circular 3D compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) obtained by orthogonal intersection of two 2D CPCs that have an optical efficiency in line with that of 3D CPC. The present work is about the design and fabrication of a new generation of solar concentrator: the hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/thermal absorptive/reflective CCPC module. The module has a 4× CCPC structure truncated to have a concentration of 3.6× with a half acceptance angle of 30°. Furthermore, an experimental rig was also fabricated to test the performance of the module and its feasibility in real applications such as building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV). 3D printing and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling technologies were utilized to manufacture the absorber and reflective parts of the module.

Photogrammetry: A Powerful Tool for Geometric Analysis of Solar Concentrators and Their Components

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Pottler ◽  
Eckhard Lu¨pfert ◽  
Glen H. G. Johnston ◽  
Mark R. Shortis
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Solar Concentrators ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
Surface Data ◽  
Efficient Measurement ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Coordinate Measurements ◽  
Selection Of

Digital close range photogrammetry has proven to be a precise and efficient measurement technique for the assessment of shape accuracies of solar concentrators and their components. The combination of high quality mega-pixel digital still cameras, appropriate software, and calibrated reference scales in general is sufficient to provide coordinate measurements with precisions of 1:50,000 or better. The extreme flexibility of photogrammetry to provide high accuracy 3D coordinate measurements over almost any scale makes it particularly appropriate for the measurement of solar concentrator systems. It can also provide information for the analysis of curved shapes and surfaces, which can be very difficult to achieve with conventional measurement instruments. The paper gives an overview of quality indicators for photogrammetric networks, which have to be considered during the data evaluation to augment the measurement precision. A selection of measurements done on whole solar concentrators and their components are presented. The potential of photogrammetry is demonstrated by presenting measured effects arising from thermal expansion and gravitational forces on selected components. The measured surface data can be used to calculate slope errors and undertake ray-trace studies to compute intercept factors and assess concentrator qualities.

scholarly journals A 3D comparison of humeral head retroversion by sex and measurement technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. West ◽  
Nikolas K. Knowles ◽  
George S. Athwal ◽  
Louis M. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Humeral Head ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distal Humerus ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Osteotomy Plane ◽  
Version Measurement

Background Accurate humeral head reconstruction during shoulder arthroplasty is partially dependent on correctly estimating and replicating native version. The present study evaluated the effects of sex and measurement technique on three-dimensional (3D) humeral version measurements made using the transepicondylar, forearm and flexion–extension axes. Methods Fifty-two full-arm computed tomography scans were converted to 3D models and geometry extracted to define landmarks and coordinate systems. An anatomic humeral head osteotomy plane was used to measure version relative to the three measurement techniques and compare between sexes. Results The measurement technique used had a significant affect ( p < 0.001) on the resulting version measurement. The forearm axis technique consistently resulted in higher measured version compared to either the flexion–extension [mean (SD) males 9° (4°), females 13° (5°), p < 0.001] or the transepicondylar axes [mean (SD) males 8° (4°), females 11° (4°), p < 0.001]. Version in males was 7° greater than females when referencing either the flexion–extension [ p = 0.029; mean (SD) males 37.7° (11°), females 30.4° (13°)] or transepicondylar axes [ p = 0.045; mean (SD) males 39° (11°), females 32° (12°)]. Conclusions The choice of measurement technique can affect the humeral version angle. These results are important because measuring version using the epicondyles pre-operatively, and subsequently the forearm intra-operatively, will result in approximately 10° under-retroverted osteotomy. For example, 0° neutral version cut during reverse arthroplasty measured referencing the forearm results in 10° anteverted osteotomy when referencing the distal humerus.

X-Ray Imaging of the Filling of “T” Shaped Microchannel Using a MEDIPIX2 Pixel Detector

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vabre ◽  
E. Manach ◽  
O. Gal ◽  
S. Legoupil
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Pixel Detector ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Space Resolution ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
European Collaboration

Fluid flows in “T” or “Y” shaped structures of microchannels are studied in order to develop modeling approaches as well as adapted measurement techniques. The applications of these structures are numerous and concern in particular biology and chemical engineering for which the integration of microchannels in lab-on-chip and/or microreactor is an important challenge. Our works concern the development of a measurement technique for the study of the filling of a “T” shaped microchannel structure by a liquid. In the studied channels, the experimental constraints are strong. Indeed, the space steps involved within the phenomena are very much reduced and vary from 1 to 10 μm. Moreover, the dynamics of the flow implies a high acquisition frequency, ranging from 10 to 100 Hz. Our technological choice is based on the measurement of the attenuation of an X-ray beam in the matter. The main advantage of this non-intrusive technique is that it can be implemented even in media opaque to visible light. Also, that X-ray techniques can theoretically reach a better space resolution than optical ones. The measurement technique is quantitative and a 3D measurement is achievable by tomography. These methods are validated for problems located at centimetric space steps and high acquisition frequencies, [1], [2]. The objective of this work is to match the microfluidics field requirement (space steps and attenuation contrast), while preserving high time frequencies. Our experimental bench consists of a X-ray generator, that makes possible to obtain high enlargements of the observed object whit a reduced blur in the image. The image is obtained by a pixel detector called Medipix2. This detector is under development within a European collaboration which gathers 16 partners around the CERN, the CEA being a partner. The main assets of this detector are its high space resolution, its operational photon counting mode and its high acquisition frequency. The presented works constitute a very first implementation and validation of the proposed technique for the microfluidics field. Experimental results are obtained and presented. They allow a measurement of the filling conditions of the “T” shape structure of microchannels. The orientations and research perspectives to improve the obtained results by the technique could be evaluated accurately and important basis of our work are now established and quantified for the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document