Case Study

2018 ◽  
pp. 213-229
Author(s):  
Kebabonye Laletsang ◽  
Baram Montshiwa
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Ground Vibration ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
Loose Sand ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Subsurface Geology ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
The Village

A geophysical survey was carried out in 2012 to map the subsurface geology at a quarry and the village to determine if an alleged damage to houses could have been caused by blasting activity in the quarry. The survey included seismic refraction and reflection recorded with the same spread at source and receiver spacing of 2 m, 3 m, and 5 m. The signal source was a 28-lb. sledge hammer stacked 10 times to increase the S/N. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was also recorded at a trace spacing of 0.3 m to provide detailed images of the subsurface near the damaged buildings using a 50 MHz unshielded antenna. The seismic refraction and reflection profiles show that the village is underlain by 0-4 m of loose sand, 4-10 m of fractured calcrete, and up to 50 m of fractured silcrete, with the groundwater table at 10-15 m. The GPR images show that the damaged houses sit on thick sand, which cushions them against severe ground vibration. The houses were found to have suffered more damage on the superstructure and this is possibly due to ground vibration amplification at low frequencies of 30-40 Hz.

Localization of Deep Voids through Geophysical Signatures of Secondary Dewatering Features

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-81
Author(s):  
Dan R. Glaser ◽  
Katrina Burch ◽  
Dennis L. Brinkley ◽  
Philip Reppert
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Mixing Model ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Investigation Area ◽  
Measurement Geometry ◽  
Lateral Localization ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Discrete deep targets are a significant challenge for most surface-based geophysical techniques, even when considering high property contrasts. Generally, surface-based geophysical methods lose lateral and vertical resolution with depth as a result of poor measurement geometry and increased signal attenuation. The poor measurement geometry can be overcome through use of cross-borehole methods, but lateral localization is still needed for optimal borehole placement. As such, a relatively small, deep void located near the maximum depth of investigation is very unlikely to be detected. Yet, secondary features associated with these voids can be exploited for enhanced detection performance. When voids are located below the groundwater table a significant amount of dewatering and pumping is required to make them a functional passageway. This dewatering not only removes water from the void space but also the surrounding formation, resulting in a much larger, if more diffuse, secondary target: an induced groundwater table gradient. Many geophysical sensing methods are sensitive to subsurface moisture content. Here we implement a two-dimensional (2D) joint-petrophysical mixing-model, using inverted electrical resistivity tomography and inverted seismic refraction models to sense changes in the groundwater table gradient. Results are validated using depth to bedrock, groundwater-surface water information, ground-penetrating radar, and time-domain reflectometry methods. Our initial proof of concept is applied to a shallow area with a significant soil moisture gradient, through different surface soil types and bedrock. The 2D joint-petrophysical mixing-model results were used to generate an estimate of air, moisture, and matrix percent fractions in the investigation area, providing a clear delineation of the groundwater surface.

scholarly journals Shallow Geophysical Techniques to Investigate the Groundwater Table at the Giza Pyramids Area, Giza, Egypt

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharafeldin M. Sharafeldin ◽  
Khalid S. Essa ◽  
Mohamed A. S. Youssef ◽  
Zein E. Diab
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Geophysical Techniques ◽  
Electrical Resistivities ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Abstract. Geophysical studies were performed along selected locations across the Pyramids Plateau to investigate the groundwater table and the near aquifer, which harmfully affected the existed monuments of the Giza Pyramids and Sphinx. Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI), Shallow Seismic Refraction (SSR) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) techniques were carried out along selected profiles in the plateau. Ten ERI, twenty six SSR and nineteen GPR profiles were performed at the sites. The ERI survey shows that, the groundwater table is at elevations varying from 13 to 18 m above the sea level (asl) and low resistivity values near the surface at the Great Sphinx. ERI profiles, which were applied southeast of the Middle Pyramid (Khafre), show high resistivity values near the surface, and water table is located at elevations ranging from 22 to 40 m asl, while the ERI profiles conducted south of Menkaure, show almost high resistivity near the surface. The groundwater table is located at elevations ranging between 45 and 58 m asl. The aquifer layer shows electrical resistivities ranging between 10 and 50 Ohm.m. The considerable high change in the groundwater table is due to the rapid increases of topography from the Great Sphinx towards the Small Pyramids (Menkaure), where this part looks-like a scarp. The SSR Survey is transmitted to know the different velocities and types of the layers, which can help in knowing the saturated layers in the area. The GPR Survey is performed to delineate the water table, which gives good matching with the ERI results.

scholarly journals Shallow geophysical techniques to investigate the groundwater table at the Great Pyramids of Giza, Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharafeldin M. Sharafeldin ◽  
Khalid S. Essa ◽  
Mohamed A. S. Youssef ◽  
Hakan Karsli ◽  
Zein E. Diab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Abstract. The near-surface groundwater aquifer that threatened the Great Pyramids of Giza, Egypt, was investigated using integrated geophysical surveys. A total of 10 electrical resistivity imaging, 26 shallow seismic refraction, and 19 ground-penetrating radar surveys were conducted in the Giza Plateau. Collected data for each method were evaluated by state-of-the art processing and modeling techniques. A three-layer model depicts the subsurface layers and better delineates the groundwater aquifer and water table elevation. The resistivity of the aquifer layer and seismic velocity vary between 40 and 80 Ωm and between 1500 and 2500 m s−1, respectively. The average water table elevation is about +15 m, which is safe for the Great Sphinx, but it is still subjected to potential hazards from the Nazlet El-Samman suburb where the water table elevation reaches 17 m. A shallower water table at the Valley Temple and the tomb of Queen Khentkawes, with a low topographic relief, represents severe hazards. It can be concluded that a perched groundwater table is detected in the elevated topography to the west and southwest that might be due to runoff and capillary seepage.

COMBINING ORAL TRADITIONS AND BAYESIAN CHRONOLOGICAL MODELING TO UNDERSTAND VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN THE GULF OF PAPUA (PAPUA NEW GUINEA)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Chris Urwin ◽  
Quan Hua ◽  
Henry Arifeae
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spatial History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gulf Of Papua ◽  
The Village

ABSTRACT When European colonists arrived in the late 19th century, large villages dotted the coastline of the Gulf of Papua (southern Papua New Guinea). These central places sustained long-distance exchange and decade-spanning ceremonial cycles. Besides ethnohistoric records, little is known of the villages’ antiquity, spatiality, or development. Here we combine oral traditional and 14C chronological evidence to investigate the spatial history of two ancestral village sites in Orokolo Bay: Popo and Mirimua Mapoe. A Bayesian model composed of 35 14C assays from seven excavations, alongside the oral traditional accounts, demonstrates that people lived at Popo from 765–575 cal BP until 220–40 cal BP, at which time they moved southwards to Mirimua Mapoe. The village of Popo spanned ca. 34 ha and was composed of various estates, each occupied by a different tribe. Through time, the inhabitants of Popo transformed (e.g., expanded, contracted, and shifted) the village to manage social and ceremonial priorities, long-distance exchange opportunities and changing marine environments. Ours is a crucial case study of how oral traditional ways of understanding the past interrelate with the information generated by Bayesian 14C analyses. We conclude by reflecting on the limitations, strengths, and uncertainties inherent to these forms of chronological knowledge.

scholarly journals Mapping Complex Land Use Histories and Urban Renewal Using Ground Penetrating Radar: A Case Study from Fort Stanwix

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2478
Author(s):  
Tyler Stumpf ◽  
Daniel P. Bigman ◽  
Dominic J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Educational Programming ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Historic Structures ◽  
Economic Revitalization ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Fort Stanwix National Monument, located in Rome, NY, is a historic park with a complex use history dating back to the early Colonial period and through the urban expansion and recent economic revitalization of the City of Rome. The goal of this study was to conduct a GPR investigation over an area approximately 1 acre in size to identify buried historic features (particularly buildings) so park management can preserve these resources and develop appropriate educational programming and management plans. The GPR recorded reflection events consistent with our expectations of historic structures. Differences in size, shape, orientation, and depth suggest that these responses likely date to different time periods in the site’s history. The GPR recorded other reflection anomalies that are difficult to interpret without any additional information, which suggests that pairing high-density geophysical data with limited excavations is critical to elaborate a complex site’s intricate history.

HOUSEHOLD FORMATION IN 19TH-CENTURY CENTRAL ANATOLIA: THE CASE STUDY OF A TURKISH-SPEAKING ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-517
Author(s):  
Irini Renieri
Keyword(s):  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Household Formation ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Extended Households ◽  
The Village

This article explores household formation among the Greek Orthodox population of a mixed village of Cappadocia inhabited by Muslims, as well. The village, Çukur, was located on the right bank of the river Kızılırmak, 49 kilometers north–northwest of Kayseri.1 I aim to show that complex forms of household formation were the main type of social organization and were especially durable over time, with a high average household membership. I attempt to clarify whether the predominance of extended households—which, as other studies have shown, is not that common in the Asian portion of the Ottoman Empire—was related to the Christian character of this section of the Çukur population, or whether the agricultural basis of the village economy played a more important role.

The Plan Guidelines for Villages under the Background of Nomadic Settlement — A Case Study of Luqu County in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5886-5893
Author(s):  
Lu Cang Wang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Jing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Functional Area ◽  
Spatial Displacement ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Construction Tasks ◽  
The Village ◽  
Pastoral Farming ◽  
Better Than

“The Project of Nomadic Settlement” is one of the major construction tasks for “Gannan Important Water Supply Ecological Functional Area of Yellow River”. Because of the distribution of population and settlements have obvious discreteness and wavering in alpine pasture, it is necessary to plan and guide agricultural and grazing villages during the process of the construction of nomadic settlements, spatial displacement and integration of population and settlement. The nomadic habitation mode in Luqu county undergoes four stages. At present, it adopts four settlement modes, that is, centralized settlement mode in the county town, settlement mode in the village, settlement along the highway mode and dispersed settlement mode, involving a total of 2,645households,13,783people and be arranged in 21 settlements. The paper adopts 14 indicators related conditions of economic development, social development conditions, geographic conditions, measures the overall strength of 24 administrative villages in Luqu, the whole villages are divided into four grade. The results show that the suburban villages are better than the surrounding villages and towns, pure pastoral farming are better than farming-pastoral villages. Accordingly, 24 villages are divided into four types—community-based villages, developing villages, controlling villages, and revoking-merging villages. Finally, it also proposes the path on village plan guidelines.

scholarly journals Structure of a Story-Telling Performance Among Carpatho-Rusyns in Zakarpats'ka Oblast' of Ukraine: A Case Study

Folklorica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Boudovskaia
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Folk Performance ◽  
Collective Creation ◽  
Everyday Reality ◽  
Folk Stories ◽  
The Village

This article analyses the transcript of the story-telling session with two participants, an 89-year-old woman and a 54-year-old man, that I audio-recorded in August of 2014 in the village of Novoselytsia in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine. Although Western  krainian and Rusyn folk stories have been extensively collected since 1880-s (Hnatiuk 1897, 1898, 1900, Rozdol's'kyi 1899, 1900, etc.), entire story-telling sessions in these region have not been studied. My transcript reflects certain features of story-telling performance's macro- and micro-structure that either do not get recorded or get edited out in publications of folk texts, such as interaction between participants, discourse markers for organizing performance, repetitions, and digressions into everyday reality. After analyzing these features using Hymes' approach to linguistic and discourse markers in folk performance, I foreground the precise mechanism through which the collective creation of folklore [Jakobson and Bogatyrev 1980 [1929]] takes place.

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