Blow to the Head

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-82
Author(s):  
Dino Sossi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Degenerative Disease ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Ethical Implications

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative disease that has begun to be discovered in various deceased professional athletes across sports. The pathology of CTE involves repeated traumatic blows to the head. Due to the longitudinal and cumulative aspects of this disease as well as the high financial stakes involved in professional sports, its discovery has led to many important issues that need to be investigated. This chapter explores some of the legal and ethical implications of CTE in professional sports.

Blow to the Head

2021 ◽  
pp. 550-572
Author(s):  
Dino Sossi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Degenerative Disease ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Ethical Implications

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative disease that has begun to be discovered in various deceased professional athletes across sports. The pathology of CTE involves repeated traumatic blows to the head. Due to the longitudinal and cumulative aspects of this disease as well as the high financial stakes involved in professional sports, its discovery has led to many important issues that need to be investigated. This chapter explores some of the legal and ethical implications of CTE in professional sports.

Problems of the Fight Against Doping in Professional Sports

2019 ◽  
pp. 202-240
Author(s):  
Anatoly Peskov
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms

Doping became, as many experts note, not only more diverse, highly specialized, and efficient, but also dangerous for the health of athletes. One of the main factors that allows athletes to escape responsibility is corruption. The author pays particular attention to research and new technologies in the field of sports medicine, including generating new kinds of doping. The chapter also examines the practice of international standard on granting exceptions on therapeutic use of drugs. The author suggests reconstructing the existing system of criminal and administrative law to develop new enforcement mechanisms in the fight against doping to impose a ban on the testing of new drugs on professional athletes.

Special Topics in Contact Sport Athletes and Others with Multiple Concussions

2014 ◽  
pp. 131-132
Author(s):  
David L Brody
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Cavum Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Over Time

This chapter considers issues in patients with multiple concussions. These patients must consider when to retire from contact sports. Help the patient, family, and peers think through the decision carefully. Educate them about the risk of serious and currently untreatable long-term problems such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Discuss potential for a future professional sports career versus other career as well as interpersonal and family aspirations. Patients want to know if they have CTE. There is no way to tell for sure while they are alive. High-risk features may include progressive worsening over time, prominent mood and behavioral abnormalities, parkinsonism, and a cavum septum pellucidum on MRI scan. Treatment is entirely based on relieving symptoms and keeping the patient safe.

scholarly journals Achieving Income Justice in Professional Sports: Limitation, Taxation, or Donation

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Gottfried Schweiger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Ethical Problem ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Income Justice

Abstract This paper is based on the assumption that the high incomes of some professional sports athletes, such as players in professional leagues in the United States and Europe, pose an ethical problem of social justice. I deal with the questions of what should follow from this evaluation and in which ways those incomes should be regulated. I discuss three different options: a) the idea that the incomes of professional athletes should be limited, b) the idea that they should be vastly taxed by the state, and c) the idea that there is a moral obligation for the athletes to spend portions of their incomes on good causes. I will conclude that in today’s circumstances there are good reasons to advocate both option one (limitation) and option two (taxation), but that priority should be given to taxation.

scholarly journals Mechanism of realization of the rights of professional athletes in Ukraine: constitutional and legal analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
O.O. Turyanytsia
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
State 1

The Constitution of Ukraine enshrines the duty of the state not only to take care of the development of physical culture and sports (Article 49), but also to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of human and citizen (Part 2 of Article 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine). The protection of state powers is one of the most important indicators of a legal and democratic state [1].One of the most important steps on the way to solve this problem is the effective and efficient work of the legislator. Despite the huge amount of legal material, it is worth noting the existence of gaps and conflicts in the legislation, or even the absence of rules that would regulate public relations related to the peculiarities of the development of social activities in the field of sports.Instead, local regulations, rules or decisions of specialized non-governmental organizations leading an international sports movement are recognized as binding, in violation of existing national regulations. That is why a separate constitutional and legal study needs «autonomy of sport» as a fact that has developed and regulates professional sports in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is a review and constitutional and legal analysis of the mechanism of realization of the rights of professional athletes speaking of the autonomous nature of activities in the field of sports.A number of facts confirming the existence of «autonomy» in the field of professional sports are considered, namely, alcohol advertising, the relevant powers of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine and the limit on legionnaires. The jurisdiction of sports justice is analyzed.The inconsistency of local regulations with the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and other national legislations has been proved. The expediency of creating a separate specialized arbitration center - a permanent arbitration court in the field of sports - is substantiated. Emphasis on the need to allocate sports law in a separate branch of law and the adoption of a special Law of Ukraine «On Professional Sports», which will form common principles and a comprehensive approach to the regulation of relations in this area is placed.

Special Topics in Contact Sport Athletes and Others Who Have Had Multiple Concussions and Subconcussive Impacts

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
David L. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Cavum Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Present Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Subconcussive Impacts ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Over Time

When to retire from contact sports? Help the patient, family, and peers think through the decision carefully. Educate them about the risk of serious and currently untreatable long-term problems, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Discuss potential for a future professional sports career versus other career, interpersonal, and family aspirations. Does the patient have Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)? There is no way to tell for sure while the patient is alive. High-risk features may include progressive worsening over time, prominent mood and behavioral abnormalities, parkinsonism, and a cavum septum pellucidum on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. At present, treatment is entirely based on relieving symptoms and keeping the patient safe.

Working with Professional Athletes in the Rink: The Evolution of a Nutrition Program for an NHL Team

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Burns ◽  
Lynn Dugan
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Entire Time ◽  
Professional Hockey ◽  
Positive Results

For many professional sports, nutrition is not recognized as an important component of the team's training program. The implementation of a nutrition program for one professional hockey team has had positive results. Players who had been unable to maintain their weight during the season can now maintain their weight and be prepared for the playoffs. Others have improved their endurance with proper fluid and carbohydrate replacement. Working with the entire time—coaching staff, trainers and players—has led to the success of this program.

scholarly journals Frequency and Predictors of Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Prospective Cohort of Retired Professional Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Schaffert ◽  
Nyaz Didehbani ◽  
Christian LoBue ◽  
John Hart ◽  
Heidi Rossetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Professional Contact ◽  
The University ◽  
Consensus Diagnosis

Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) is proposed to represent the long-term impact of repetitive head-injury exposure and the clinical manifestation of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of TES in a cohort of retired professional contact sport athletes, compare the frequency of TES to clinical consensus diagnoses, and identify predictors that increase the likelihood of TES diagnosis. Participants were 85 retired professional contact sport athletes from a prospective cohort at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and the University of Texas at Dallas. Participants ranged in age from 23 to 79 (M = 55.95, SD = 13.82) and obtained 7 to 19 years of education (M = 16.08, SD = 1.03). Retirees were either non-Hispanic white (n = 62) or African-American (n = 23). Retired athletes underwent a standard clinical evaluation, which included a clinical interview, neurological exam, neuroimaging, neuropsychological testing, and consensus diagnosis of normal, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia. TES criteria were applied to all 85 athletes, and frequencies of diagnoses were compared. Fourteen predictors of TES diagnosis were evaluated using binary logistic regressions, and included demographic, neuropsychological, depression symptoms, and head-injury exposure variables. A high frequency (56%) of TES was observed among this cohort of retired athletes, but 54% of those meeting criteria for TES were diagnosed as cognitively normal via consensus diagnosis. Games played in the National Football League (OR = 0.993, p = 0.087), number of concussions (OR = 1.020, p = 0.532), number of concussions with loss of consciousness (OR = 1.141 p = 0.188), and years playing professionally (OR = 0.976, p = 0.627) were not associated with TES diagnosis. Degree of depressive symptomatology, as measured by the total score on the Beck Depression Inventory-II, was the only predictor of TES diagnosis (OR = 1.297, p < 0.001). Our results add to previous findings underscoring the risk for false positive diagnosis, highlight the limitations of the TES criteria in clinical and research settings, and question the relationship between TES and head-injury exposure. Future research is needed to examine depression in retired professional athletes.

Problems of the Fight Against Doping in Professional Sports

2021 ◽  
pp. 591-619
Author(s):  
Anatoly Peskov
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms

Doping became, as many experts note, not only more diverse, highly specialized, and efficient, but also dangerous for the health of athletes. One of the main factors that allows athletes to escape responsibility is corruption. The author pays particular attention to research and new technologies in the field of sports medicine, including generating new kinds of doping. The chapter also examines the practice of international standard on granting exceptions on therapeutic use of drugs. The author suggests reconstructing the existing system of criminal and administrative law to develop new enforcement mechanisms in the fight against doping to impose a ban on the testing of new drugs on professional athletes.

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