Cost-allocation problems for fuzzy agents in a fixed-tree network

Cost-allocation problems in a fixed network are concerned with distributing the costs for use by a group of clients who cooperate in order to reduce such costs. We work only with tree networks and we assume that a minimum cost spanning tree network has already been constructed and now we are interested in the maintenance costs. The classic problem supposes that each agent stays for the entire time in the same node of the network. This paper introduces cost-allocation problems in a fixed-tree network with a set of agents whose activity over the nodes is fuzzy. Agent’s needs to pay for each period of time may differ. Moreover, the agents do not always remain in the same node for each period. We propose the extension of a very well-known solution for these problems: Bird’s rule.

Romantic songs by the Turkish ashik Karacaoğlan: key motifs and system of poetic imagery

The goal of this research lies in the analysis of romantic motifs and corresponding poetic images in the works of the prominent Turkish ashik of the XVII century Karacaoğlan, as well as in determination of the nature of interaction of the folklore and his original tradition therein. The article employs literary text analysis, as well as the method of description and comparison. Using the specific examples, the author examines the key motifs of Karacaoğlan’s romantic lyrics (praise and admiration of the beauty of the beloved; infidelity of the beloved; separation; doubting the feelings of the beloved, etc.), and the imagery system associated with these motifs: a nightingale, rose, grus, a “burning heart”, a “wounded soul”, landscape sketches (snowcapped mountains, light breeze, etc.). Analysis is also conducted on the artistic means of creating the portrait of a beauty: her face, eyes, eyebrows, hair, manner of walking, clothes, and accessories. Literary works of the Turkish ashik Karacaoğlan have not previously become the object of separate research within the Russian science, which detfines the novelty of this article. The conclusion is made that the traditions of folklore and Diwan (Sufi) poetry are organically intertwined in the works by Karacaoğlan, which determines the specificity of poetics of ashik literature not only of the XVII century, but also the entire time continuum. This study contributes to clarification of the typology and poetics of ashik poetry, as well as the nature of interaction of the folklore and the author’s individual tradition within a single work.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal infection morbidity in Penza Region for the period 2007-2019

Objective. To study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal disease morbidity in the Penza Region population for the period 2007-2019.Materials and methods. The retrospective analysis carried out of archival documents of a specialized infectious diseases hospital in Penza and materials of the center of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being. Methods of statistical processing were used for the analysis.Results and discussion. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the incidence of meningococcal infection in the Penza region exceeds the average level in Russia for almost the entire time period under study. We revealed the predominance of the share of the child population in the structure of total morbidity throughout the entire time tranche under study was revealed. The presence of 4 peaks in the mortality rate was found — in 2009, 2012, 2014 and 2016. On the territory of the Penza region, the infection has a pronounced winter-spring seasonality, there are generalized forms of meningococcal infection and localized forms of meningococcal infection.Conclusions. Thus, meningococci of serogroups B and C prevail in the serogroup landscape of meningococci in the Penza region. The excess of the average Russian indicators of the incidence of meningococcal infection was revealed by 2 or more times throughout the entire study period. patients under the age of 14 from unorganized groups predominate among patients with meningococcal infection. the Gender structure is dominated by males from rural areas. The infection has a pronounced winter-spring seasonality. The most common clinical forms are meningitis and mixed form.

Impact of low-opioid anesthesia on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting during laparoscopic kidney surgery

Background. The problem of postoperative nausea and vomiting has attracted the attention of specialists in various fields of surgery and anesthesiology for a long time and has not lost its relevance today, being the subject of active discussion in domestic and foreign literature. It can become an independent cause of other quite serious postoperative complications. The article presents the results of our own study of the use of multimodal low-opioid general anesthesia as one of the methods for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting during anesthetic provision of laparoscopic kidney surgery. Materials and methods. The study involved 50 patients who underwent laparoscopic kidney surgery. To compare the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, patients were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 (control group) used multimodal general anesthesia with standard doses of opioids; group 2 used multimodal low-opioid general anesthesia with lidocaine, and group 3 used multimodal low-opioid anesthesia with dexmedetomidine. Results. The total average dose of fentanyl used during the entire time of anesthesia in the control group was 373.3 ± 50.8 μg (4.34 μg/kg/h). The total average dose of fentanyl used during the entire time of anesthesia in group 2 was 217.39 ± ± 49.1 μg (1.76 μg/kg/h). The total average dose of fentanyl used during the entire time of anesthesia in group 3 was 308.33 ± ± 51.49 µg (2.44 µg/kg/h). In group 1, vomiting in the postoperative period occurred in 4 patients out of 15 (26.7 % of cases), in group 2 — in 4 patients out of 23 operated (17.4 % of cases), in group 3 — in 1 patient out of 12 (8.3 % of cases). Conclusions. As a result of comparing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the patients of the studied groups, it was found that a decrease in the dose of perioperative use of opioids helps to reduce the incidence of this complication, increases the safety of anesthesia, significantly facilitates and accelerates the rehabilitation of patients after laparoscopic surgery on the kidneys.

SYMPTOM BASED DISEASE PREDICTION USING DECISION TREE

The world is moving with a fast speed and in order to be in pace with the world we invest our entire time working. This leaves us with no time to look after our body. We tend to ignore the symptoms we get as looking after ourselves is not in our to do list. Even if we do notice we barely have time to go to the hospital to seek doctors suggestion. So, we have built a disease prediction system using the symptoms provided as input to give the people some idea of what they are dealing with and take action accordingly owing to the seriousness of the disease.

Setting ethical limits on human gene editing after the fall of the somatic/germline barrier

The ethical debate about what is now called human gene editing (HGE) has gone on for more than 50 y. For nearly that entire time, there has been consensus that a moral divide exists between somatic and germline HGE. Conceptualizing this divide as a barrier on a slippery slope, in this paper, I first describe the slope, what makes it slippery, and describe strong barriers that arrest the slippage down to the dystopian bottom of pervasive eugenic enhancement. I then show how the somatic/germline barrier in the debate has been weakened to the level of ineffectiveness, with no replacement below. I examine a number of possible barriers on the slope below the somatic/germline barrier, most of which lack sufficient strength. With the exception of the minority of people in the HGE debate who see the eugenic society as utopia, the majority will need a barrier on the slope to stop the slide to dystopia.

Time course of efficacy of ubrogepant for the acute treatment of migraine: Clinical implications

Background The full utility of an acute treatment requires examination of the entire time course of effect during a migraine attack. Here the time course of effect of ubrogepant is evaluated. Methods ACHIEVE-I and -II were double-blind, single-attack, Phase 3 trials. Adults with migraine were randomised 1:1:1 to placebo or ubrogepant (50mg or 100mg, ACHIEVE-I; 25 mg or 50 mg, ACHIEVE-II). Pain freedom, absence of most bothersome symptom, and pain relief were assessed at various timepoints. Samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Data were pooled for this post-hoc analysis. Results Participants’ (n = 912 placebo, n = 887 ubrogepant 50 mg, pooled analysis population) mean age was 41 years, with a majority female and white. Pain relief separated from placebo by 1 h (43% versus 37% [OR, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.0–1.59]), absence of most bothersome symptom by 1.5 h (28% versus 22% [1.42, 1.14–1.77]), and pain freedom by 2 h (20% vs. 13% [1.72, 1.33–2.22]). Efficacy was sustained from 2–24 h (pain relief: 1.71, 1.1–2.6; pain freedom: 1.71, 1.3–2.3) and remained separated at 48 h (pain relief: 1.7, 1.1–2.6; pain freedom: 1.31, 1.0–1.7). Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated maximum plasma concentrations were achieved at 1 h, with pharmacologically active concentrations reached within 11 min and remaining above the EC90 for nearly 12 h. Conclusions Evaluation of the time course of effect of ubrogepant showed pain relief as the most sensitive and earliest measure of clinical effect, followed by absence of most bothersome symptom, and pain freedom. Efficacy was demonstrated out to 48 h, providing evidence of the long-lasting effect of ubrogepant. This evaluation supports the role of examining the entire time course of effect to understand fully the utility of an acute treatment for migraine. Trial registration: ACHIEVE I (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02828020) and ACHIEVE II (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02867709)

TO PATHOLOGY OF VAGINAL CYST

Not so long ago, vaginal cysts were considered a rare pathological finding in gynecology. So, for example, prof. Horvits in his 78 manual says that they are extremely rare, and Dr. Chudovskiy, describing a case of vaginal cyst from the Horvits clinic ("Med. Vasti." 78), finds only three similar cases in Russian literature ( Gorvitsa, Yastrebova and Tarnovsky). Since then, she has been little enriched by reports on this issue, judging by the medical sources that have been reviewed by me: "Doctor", "Medical Review" and "Russian Medicine" for the entire time of their existence. In addition, the cases described by Russian authors were either not investigated histologically at all, or, if the latter was done, then the explanation of the presented microscopic pictures does not always seem to be sound and appropriate to the conclusions. Meanwhile, the histological structure is the main criterion for explaining the ethiology of this neoplasm, which still does not seem to be completely established, perhaps due to the lack of microscopic descriptions.

‘Among the faded lines of the Combat Leaflet...’. Yury Inge

The article is dedicated to the pre-war poet Yury Inge, who was killed at the very start of the German invasion of the USSR. A war correspondent during the Winter War (1939–1940), Inge joined the newspaper Krasnoznamyonniy Baltiyskiy Flot in 1941 at its headquarters at the new Soviet naval base in Tallinn. Inge took part in the so-called Tallinn disaster, a tragedy yet to be fully explained: the Soviets lost two-thirds of their Baltic Fleet ships during evacuation to Kronstadt. Inge was leaving on the icebreaker Valdemārs, when it was sunk by a naval mine placed by the Soviet military just days before. A witness account describes the poet, wearing a long black naval coat and equipped with a gas mask and a pistol, helping women and children into a lifeboat, while remaining on board of the damaged ship the entire time. Inge died before reaching his 36th birthday. The article offers a first estimation of the tragedy’s scale and lists all literary workers attached to the Baltic Fleet who met their end on the 28th–29th of August, 1941.