Industrial Enzyme Technology

Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1339-1358
Author(s):  
Michael Bamitale Osho
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Continuous Fermentation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes ◽  
Basic Transformation ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Biotechnology, being the application of biological organisms and their components in pharmaceutical and other industrial processes, has emerged as the basic transformation tool for starch hydrolysis enzyme. Several advantages over chemical catalysts under mild environmental conditions with efficiency and high specificity have been accrued to this fact. Such include ingredient substitution through continuous fermentation, increased products yield and plant capacity, processing aid substitution, more efficient processing, less undesirable products with improved products. This chapter reports on the molecular properties of thermostable enzymes such as alpha-amylases, alpha-glucosidases, glucoamylases pullulanases as relates to pharmaceutical industries; highlights various technology development, continuous solid-state fermentation, metabolic engineering, sol-gel immobilized enzyme arrays often use in enzyme industries. The new modern biotechnology leads to improvement in the effects of various physiological conditions which may allow various industrial processes to carry out lower energy consumption, harmless to the environment, high efficiency, and the product's properties enhancement.

Industrial Enzyme Technology

2018 ◽  
pp. 375-394
Author(s):  
Michael Bamitale Osho
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Continuous Fermentation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes ◽  
Basic Transformation ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Biotechnology, being the application of biological organisms and their components in pharmaceutical and other industrial processes, has emerged as the basic transformation tool for starch hydrolysis enzyme. Several advantages over chemical catalysts under mild environmental conditions with efficiency and high specificity have been accrued to this fact. Such include ingredient substitution through continuous fermentation, increased products yield and plant capacity, processing aid substitution, more efficient processing, less undesirable products with improved products. This chapter reports on the molecular properties of thermostable enzymes such as alpha-amylases, alpha-glucosidases, glucoamylases pullulanases as relates to pharmaceutical industries; highlights various technology development, continuous solid-state fermentation, metabolic engineering, sol-gel immobilized enzyme arrays often use in enzyme industries. The new modern biotechnology leads to improvement in the effects of various physiological conditions which may allow various industrial processes to carry out lower energy consumption, harmless to the environment, high efficiency, and the product's properties enhancement.

The use of high-resolution FESEM to study solid-state phase transformations and reactions

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 1028-1029
Author(s):  
P. G. Kotula ◽  
D. D. Erickson ◽  
C. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Backscattered Electrons ◽  
Backscattered Electron

High-resolution field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has recently emerged as an extremely powerful method for characterizing the micro- or nanostructure of materials. The development of high efficiency backscattered-electron detectors has increased the resolution attainable with backscattered-electrons to almost that attainable with secondary-electrons. This increased resolution allows backscattered-electron imaging to be utilized to study materials once possible only by TEM. In addition to providing quantitative information, such as critical dimensions, SEM is more statistically representative. That is, the amount of material that can be sampled with SEM for a given measurement is many orders of magnitude greater than that with TEM.In the present work, a Hitachi S-900 FESEM (operating at 5kV) equipped with a high-resolution backscattered electron detector, has been used to study the α-Fe2O3 enhanced or seeded solid-state phase transformations of sol-gel alumina and solid-state reactions in the NiO/α-Al2O3 system. In both cases, a thin-film cross-section approach has been developed to facilitate the investigation. Specifically, the FESEM allows transformed- or reaction-layer thicknesses along interfaces that are millimeters in length to be measured with a resolution of better than 10nm.

scholarly journals Construction of the Cellulose Nanofibers (CNFs) Aerogel Loading TiO2 NPs and Its Application in Disposal of Organic Pollutants

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1841
Author(s):  
Kang Li ◽  
Xuejie Zhang ◽  
Yan Qin ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Good Mechanical Property ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Valuable Method ◽  
Adsorption Capability

Aerogels have been widely used in the adsorption of pollutants because of their large specific surface area. As an environmentally friendly natural polysaccharide, cellulose is a good candidate for the preparation of aerogels due to its wide sources and abundant polar groups. In this paper, an approach to construct cellulose nanofibers aerogels with both the good mechanical property and the high pollutants adsorption capability through chemical crosslinking was explored. On this basis, TiO2 nanoparticles were loaded on the aerogel through the sol-gel method followed by the hydrothermal method, thereby the enriched pollutants in the aerogel could be degraded synchronously. The chemical cross-linker not only helps build the three-dimensional network structure of aerogels, but also provides loading sites for TiO2. The degradation efficiency of pollutants by the TiO2@CNF Aerogel can reach more than 90% after 4 h, and the efficiency is still more than 70% after five cycles. The prepared TiO2@CNF Aerogels have high potential in the field of environmental management, because of the high efficiency of treating organic pollutes and the sustainability of the materials. The work also provides a choice for the functional utilization of cellulose, offering a valuable method to utilize the large amount of cellulose in nature.

scholarly journals Resistance to Growth of Molds for Wood Modified with Hydrophobic Hybrid Silica Gel Containing Copper Amine Complexes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Shaokun Hao ◽  
Chuanshuang Hu ◽  
Xiuyi Lin ◽  
Jin Gu ◽  
Hong Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Populus Tomentosa ◽  
Amine Complexes ◽  
Hybrid Silica ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Copper Amine

Complexation copper with amine provides an effective strategy for fixation copper in wood, while hydrophobic modification improves the dimensional stability of wood. Thus, a combination of complexation and hydrophobization is expected to enhance the efficiency of copper-based biocides. In this study, hydrophobic hybrid silica gel containing copper amine complexes (MACu) was prepared through an in situ sol-gel process in wood using methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), 3-amino-propyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and copper chloride. The resistance to growth of molds for MACu modified wood (Populus tomentosa) was measured according to ASTM D3273-16. A leaching resistance test was carried out in accordance with AWPA E11-16. The results showed that only Aspergillus niger covered the surface of untreated wood blocks and no mold grew on the MACu surface even after the leaching test. MACu xerogel and MACu wood were further characterized by SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XPS. A possible schematic diagram of the reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the high-efficiency anti-mold performance of MACu wood.

Geometry-based, n-type-enhanced p-type polymer/metal oxide nanocomposites for high-efficiency, high-specificity conductive systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Raccis ◽  
Laura Wortmann ◽  
Shaista Ilyas ◽  
Johannes Schläfer ◽  
Andreas Mettenbörger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Percolation Threshold ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Frenkel Effect ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
P Type

ABSTRACTHematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were diffused of two different shapes (spherical and cubical) in PEDOT:PSS matrices below the percolation threshold. Increases in conductivity within a distinct range in concentration were observed in the dark and under simulated solar illumination. The effect was ascribed to a generalized Poole-Frenkel effect in conjunction with basic properties of heterojunctions and electrostatic dipoles, and verified through data fitting. A difference in behaviour between sphere- and cube-based nanocomposites was also observed.

Siemens Westinghouse Advanced Turbine Systems Program Final Summary

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor S. Diakunchak ◽  
Greg R. Gaul ◽  
Gerry McQuiggan ◽  
Leslie R. Southall
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
System Development ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
Alloy Casting ◽  
Generation Plant ◽  
Power Generation Plant

This paper summarises achievements in the Siemens Westinghouse Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) Program. The ATS Program, co-funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, was a very successful multi-year (from 1992 to 2001) collaborative effort between government, industry and participating universities. The program goals were to develop technologies necessary for achieving significant gains in natural gas-fired power generation plant efficiency, a reduction in emissions, and a decrease in cost of electricity, while maintaining current state-of-the-art electricity generation systems’ reliability, availability, and maintainability levels. Siemens Westinghouse technology development concentrated on the following areas: aerodynamic design, combustion, heat transfer/cooling design, engine mechanical design, advanced alloys, advanced coating systems, and single crystal (SC) alloy casting development. Success was achieved in designing and full scale verification testing of a high pressure high efficiency compressor, airfoil clocking concept verification on a two stage turbine rig test, high temperature bond coat/TBC system development, and demonstrating feasibility of large SC turbine airfoil castings. The ATS program included successful completion of W501G engine development testing. This engine is the first step in the W501ATS engine introduction and incorporates many ATS technologies, such as closed-loop steam cooling, advanced compressor design, advanced sealing and high temperature materials and coatings.

Identification of L. casei and L. rhamnosus in the dairy products using Real-Time PCR assay

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
K. G. Li ◽  
G. P. Pogossian ◽  
A. K. Moldagulova ◽  
E. E. Bekenova ◽  
A. Abdikadirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Production Control ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Industrial Test ◽  
Fermented Dairy Products ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Fermented Dairy

  Lactobacilli are essential and important biological objects used in food pro-duction and medicine. One of the sufficient problems is fast, reliable and highly specific identification of lactobacilli in the scientific research and cur-rent production control. We represent two species-specific real-time PCR in the present study to discriminate L. rhamnosus and L. casei basing on the unique peptidoglycan-hydrolase genes p40 and p75 respectively. PCR pri-mers and probes were designed to provide high specificity discrimination via high temperature of PCR annealing stage. High efficiency of the reactions is provided by the size of amplified DNA fragments minimization. Reliable re-producibility of the target sequences amplification and fluorescence detec-tion provide a basis for the future creation of industrial test-systems for op-erational control in the production of fermented dairy products.

scholarly journals Affordable and sustainable new generation of solar cells: calcium titanate (CaTiO3) - based perovskite solar cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Alfonsina Abat Amelenan Torimtubun ◽  
Anniza Cornelia Augusty ◽  
Eka Maulana ◽  
Lusi Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Calcium Titanate ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lead Free

Indonesia is located along the equator lines with the high intensity of solar radiation averaging about 4.5 kWh of electrical energy/day. This potential leads to the selfsustaining energy possibility fulfilling the electricity needs. Due to their unique electronic structures and high-cost merit over the existing commercial PV technologies, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as the next-generation photovoltaic candidate. Their highest power efficiency can be achieved of up to 22.1% in the last 5-6 years. However, this high efficiency came from CH3NH3PbI3 materials which contain lead, a toxic material. Herein calcium titanate (CT) as a lead-free perovskite material were synthesized through sintering of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and titanium oxide (TiO2) by the sol-gel method. CT powders were characterized by SEM, XRF, FTIR and XRD then applied it onto the mesoporous heterojunction PSCs, with a device architecture ITO/TiO2/CaTiO3/C/ITO. By manipulating the raw material stoichiometry and heating temperature in the synthesis of CaTiO3, the device shows the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.12%, shortcircuit current density (JSC) of 0.027 mA cm-2, open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.212 V and fill factor (FF) of 53.90%. This sample can be an alternative way to create lead-free, largescale, and low-cost perovskite solar cells.

scholarly journals Changes the Ocular Surface after Corneal Refractive Surgery. Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-350
Author(s):  
S. V. Trufanov ◽  
E. V. Sukhanova ◽  
A. A. Tyurina
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Surgery Research ◽  
Corneal Refractive Surgery

Modern corneal refractive surgery provides high efficiency, safety, predictability and stability of the different ametropia kinds correction’s clinically-functional results. However, in overwhelming percentage of cases, having spent some time after surgery patients complain about discomfort, eyes dryness, burning, feel gritty, redness, blurred and vision instability. Complaints mentioned above are caused by the appearance of transitory dry eye syndrome. Main etiology and pathogenesis factors of this disease are presented in this review. The results of dry eye syndrome classical diagnosis methods have been analyzed, as well as modern techniques, characterized by high specificity and sensitivity, which allow to increase the dry eye’s diagnostics accuracy. The study of the dry syndrome after corneal refractive surgery is devoted to a huge number of works of domestic and foreign authors. However, at present time there is no unique algorithm for assessing the damage of the ocular surface before and after corneal refractive surgery, which would include a set of high-precision and specific techniques for quickly and reliably evaluate the severity of dry eye syndrome, allowing to develop preventive measures and pathogenetically oriented treatment and, thereby, accelerate rehabilitation of patients after surgery. Research continuation is needed in this direction.

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