Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Soil and Water

Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 2090-2122
Author(s):  
Chandrika Malkanthi Nanayakkara ◽  
Ayoma Witharana
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Degradation Activity ◽  
Promising Treatment

Pollution from petroleum, plant and animal origin oils, which are released via oil production and shipping operations, refineries, accidental spills, effluents of different industries such as hotels, restaurants, food processing, etc. is ubiquitous in the environment. This necessitates the need for cost effective and efficient remediation technologies. Dealing with the problem chemically and physically is known to generate secondary pollutants and incurs high cost. Expediting natural attenuation via stimulating pollutant degradation activity of residential microbial community and/or introducing competent microflora in to polluted sites has been identified as the most successful and cost effective technology and is termed bioremediation. Phytoremediation, an emerging branch of bioremediation, has also been recognized as a promising treatment technology. Chapter examines the extent of work carried out in in situ and ex situ bioremediation strategies to mitigate oil pollution, the validity of such practices in terms of efficiency of the process and the future research directives.

Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Soil and Water

2015 ◽  
pp. 222-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrika Malkanthi Nanayakkara ◽  
Ayoma Witharana
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Degradation Activity ◽  
Promising Treatment

Pollution from petroleum, plant and animal origin oils, which are released via oil production and shipping operations, refineries, accidental spills, effluents of different industries such as hotels, restaurants, food processing, etc. is ubiquitous in the environment. This necessitates the need for cost effective and efficient remediation technologies. Dealing with the problem chemically and physically is known to generate secondary pollutants and incurs high cost. Expediting natural attenuation via stimulating pollutant degradation activity of residential microbial community and/or introducing competent microflora in to polluted sites has been identified as the most successful and cost effective technology and is termed bioremediation. Phytoremediation, an emerging branch of bioremediation, has also been recognized as a promising treatment technology. Chapter examines the extent of work carried out in in situ and ex situ bioremediation strategies to mitigate oil pollution, the validity of such practices in terms of efficiency of the process and the future research directives.

Normative and Distinctive Accuracy in Situation Perceptions

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Rauthmann ◽  
Ryne A. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Random Coefficient ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Crossed Effects

To what extent do people achieve accuracy in judging others’ situations? Based on interpersonal perception models, we propose that ex situ raters may attain accuracy by judging the psychological characteristics of a situation that in situ raters have experienced according to a normative and distinctive characteristics profile. Biesanz’ social accuracy model (SAM) provides a flexible crossed-effects random coefficient modeling framework that can be applied to situation perception data. By targeting characteristics profiles with the analytical unit of the ex situ rater-situation dyad, the extent of and variation in normative and distinctive accuracy of ex situ raters can be estimated and explained by personality correlates to quantify “the good ex situ rater.” We demonstrate an SAM approach to situational accuracy with real in situ and ex situ data (402 ex situ raters judged 10 situations on 8 characteristics) and sketch future research.

A contribution to solve the arsenic problem in groundwater of Ganges Delta by in-situ treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Rott ◽  
H. Kauffmann
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Arsenic in groundwater is a huge problem in numerous regions of the world. Many people are exposed to high arsenic concentrations and consequently risk getting ill or even die as a result of arsenic poisoning. There are several efficient technologies for the removal of arsenic but often these methods have disadvantages, e.g. high costs for installation and/or operation, the need for chemicals or the production of arsenic contaminated filter sludge. These disadvantages can make the application difficult, especially in poor regions. Under suitable ancillary conditions the subterranean (in-situ) treatment, which is often used for iron and manganese removal from groundwater, can also be applied for the removal of arsenic and can be a cost-effective treatment technology. A field trial was carried out with a low-cost in-situ treatment plant in West Bengal/India which is described in this paper, in order to investigate whether this treatment technology is also applicable under the boundary conditions there. As for the in-situ treatment technology besides oxygen no additives are required and no arsenic contaminated filter sludge is produced this technology could be a suitable method for arsenic removal especially in poor regions.

3D-Printed Samples For EXLO/INLO Practice and Training

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary A. Giannuzzi ◽  
Lucille A. Giannuzzi ◽  
Kathleen A. Gehoski ◽  
William J. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Deliberate Practice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
And Training

Abstract Practice and training samples have been manufactured using 3D-printing methods. These 3D-printed samples mimic the exact geometry of focused ion beam (FIB) prepared specimens and can be used to help master ex situ and in situ lift out micromanipulation methods. An additively manufactured array of samples yields numerous samples needed for repetition and deliberate practice necessary to master the lift out and micromanipulation steps. The 3D-printed samples are cost effective and negates expensive FIB time needed to prepare FIB specimens.

scholarly journals In situ organic Fenton-like catalysis triggered by anodic polymeric intermediates for electrochemical water purification

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (49) ◽  
pp. 30966-30972
Author(s):  
Dan-Ni Pei ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Ai-Yong Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Qiang Pan ◽  
Han-Qing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Pollutant Degradation ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Catalytic Stability ◽  
Phenol Conversion

Organic Fenton-like catalysis has been recently developed for water purification, but redox-active compounds have to be ex situ added as oxidant activators, causing secondary pollution problem. Electrochemical oxidation is widely used for pollutant degradation, but suffers from severe electrode fouling caused by high-resistance polymeric intermediates. Herein, we develop an in situ organic Fenton-like catalysis by using the redox-active polymeric intermediates, e.g., benzoquinone, hydroquinone, and quinhydrone, generated in electrochemical pollutant oxidation as H2O2activators. By taking phenol as a target pollutant, we demonstrate that the in situ organic Fenton-like catalysis not only improves pollutant degradation, but also refreshes working electrode with a better catalytic stability. Both1O2nonradical and ·OH radical are generated in the anodic phenol conversion in the in situ organic Fenton-like catalysis. Our findings might provide a new opportunity to develop a simple, efficient, and cost-effective strategy for electrochemical water purification.

A cost-effective route to produce Al/AlN composites with low coefficient of thermal expansion

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (20) ◽  
pp. 2845-2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kon-Bae Lee ◽  
Seong-Hyeon Yoo ◽  
Yong-Hwan Kim ◽  
Chul-Woong Han ◽  
Sung-Ok Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Dispersion Agent ◽  
Al Powder

In this study, a novel process was developed to produce Al/AlN composites by infiltrating molten Al ingot into a mixture of Al and lamp carbon powders. The findings revealed that, during the process, Al2O3 on the surface of Al powder reacted with nitrogen gas and was transformed to AlN. The degree of nitridation was greatly enhanced by adding only less than 3 wt.% lamp carbon, because lamp carbon could act as a dispersion agent as well as a reduction agent. The Al-based composites containing in situ AlN phases showed coefficient of thermal expansion values of ∼11 × 10−6/℃, which were comparable to those of composites containing 60% ex situ AlN particles.

Learning from appropriation practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Al Zubaidi-Polli ◽  
Nervo Verdezoto
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Collaborative Writing ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
User Frustration ◽  
Technological Limitations

Purpose Public participation is an important – if not the most important – pillar of democracy. When designing new e-participation environments, it is advisable to consider previous appropriation practices of deliberative community networks to encourage broad participation. This can be achieved by sharing appropriation practices and by supporting the situated development of use, which may not only increase user participation but also decrease user frustration. Design/methodology/approach This paper addresses previously analyzed e-participation appropriation practices and technological limitations that participants faced when using the e-participation environment from the Aarhus’s Artwork design experiment. The lessons learned from these limitations and the appropriation practices identified help us in designing the next generation of e-participation environments and in counteracting their unsuccessful appropriation. Findings Potential design improvements for future collaborative writing e-environments that facilitate location-agnostic participation, and improvements that enable successful technology appropriation are presented. Originality/value These improvements are important to future research to inform a hybrid of in situ and ex situ technologies that enable collaborative writing to increase public participation in leisure spaces, engage a broader range of citizens and thus also encourage less motivated people.

scholarly journals Bioremediation Techniques for Soil Pollution: An Introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Verma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Emerging Contaminant ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Rapid Industrialization

Environmental pollution has been on the rise in the past few decades owing to increased human activities on energy reservoirs, unsafe agricultural practices and rapid industrialization. Soil pollution is one of the major worry among all because soil contamination can harm the humans by consumption of food grown in polluted soil or it can cause infertility to soil and lower the productivity, Among the pollutants that are of environmental and public health concerns due to their toxicities are: heavy metals, nuclear wastes, pesticides, greenhouse gases, and hydrocarbons. So this chapter will include; Sources of soil pollution and remediation of polluted sites using biological means has proven effective and reliable due to its eco-friendly features. Bio-remediation can either be carried out ex situ or in situ, depending on several factors, which include site characteristics, type and concentration of pollutants. It also seen as a solution for emerging contaminant problems.

scholarly journals XRD-Thermal Combined Analyses: An Approach to Evaluate the Potential of Phytoremediation, Phytomining, and Biochar Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Fancello ◽  
Jessica Scalco ◽  
Daniela Medas ◽  
Elisa Rodeghero ◽  
Annalisa Martucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Juncus Acutus ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
In Situ Heating

A method for evaluating the potential of reuse of biomasses for economic purposes is here presented starting from a case study. Juncus acutus plants and rhizospheres were harvested from abandoned Zn–Pb mine areas of southwest Sardinia (Italy). Thermogravimetry and Differential Thermal analyses were performed to evaluate the temperatures at which significant reactions occur. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out on raw samples and on samples heated ex-situ (by a conventional diffractometer) or in-situ (by synchrotron-based diffraction). Raw samples mainly consist of quartz, phyllosilicates, and feldspars with minor amounts of sulfides, sulfates, and Fe, Pb, and Zn carbonates, concentrated in the rhizosphere. After heating, Zn and Fe oxides and willemite are observed in internal roots and stems, revealing the presence of these metals in the plant tissues. In-situ heating was less effective than ex-situ in revealing minor phases in organic samples, probably because the scarcity of oxygen within the sample holder did not allow the degradation of organic compounds and the oxidation of sulfides, resulting in a low quality XRD signal even if obtained with the high resolution ensured by a synchrotron light source. This method can be applied to plants from polluted sites for metal exploitation, and/or to biomasses from unpolluted sites for biochar production, since both applications take advantage of the knowledge of the minerals formed after heating.

scholarly journals Lithium-Ion Capacitors: A Review of Design and Active Materials

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Jacob J. Lamb ◽  
Odne S. Burheim
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Battery Electrode ◽  
And Performance

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have gained significant attention in recent years for their increased energy density without altering their power density. LICs achieve higher capacitance than traditional supercapacitors due to their hybrid battery electrode and subsequent higher voltage. This is due to the asymmetric action of LICs, which serves as an enhancer of traditional supercapacitors. This culminates in the potential for pollution-free, long-lasting, and efficient energy-storing that is required to realise a renewable energy future. This review article offers an analysis of recent progress in the production of LIC electrode active materials, requirements and performance. In-situ hybridisation and ex-situ recombination of composite materials comprising a wide variety of active constituents is also addressed. The possible challenges and opportunities for future research based on LICs in energy applications are also discussed.

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