Historical Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Keyword(s):  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Japanese Surgeon ◽  
Over Time

Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is part of the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid diseases characterized by the destruction of thyroid cells by various cell- and antibody-mediated immune processes. It was first described by the Japanese surgeon Hakaru Hashimoto (1981-1934). It was not until 1956 when a link between antibodies to thyroid cells present in the serum of patients and HT was made. Over time, our understanding of the immunologic pathways involved in HT has evolved. We now recognize the association of this disease with other autoimmune diseases and thyroid cancer. The increasing use of the needle biopsy and serologic tests for antibodies have led to much more frequent recognition, and there is reason to believe that it may be increasing in frequency. It is now one of the most common thyroid disorders. This chapter gives a historical overview of Hashimoto's disease.

Microparticle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay of anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies in thyroid disorders

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Harchali ◽  
P Montagne ◽  
J Ruf ◽  
M L Cuillière ◽  
M C Bene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Human Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Antigenic Domains

Abstract Crude thyroid peroxidase extracted from human thyroid microsomes was covalently bound onto polyacrylic and polyfunctional copolymerized microparticles. We observed agglutination of the thyroid peroxidase-microparticle conjugate with 13 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for epitopes on four different antigenic domains of human thyroid peroxidase (TPO; EC 1.11.1.7), after addition of anti-mouse immunoglobulins. We quantified agglutination by measuring with a specially designed nephelometer the light scattered by the conjugates. This allowed us to develop a microparticle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay for human anti-TPO autoantibodies (aAbs) with defined epitopic specificity, based on the ability of aAbs to inhibit mAb-induced agglutination. Applied to patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases, this assay confirmed the polyclonality of anti-TPO aAbs and their preferential reactivity toward epitopes located on the A and B antigenic domains of the TPO molecule. The same specificities seem to be present in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis or Graves disease.

scholarly journals SLC26A4 Variations Among Graves’ Hyper-Functioning Thyroid Gland

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassen Hadj-Kacem ◽  
Rihab Kallel ◽  
Salima Belguith-Maalej ◽  
Mouna Mnif ◽  
Ilhem Charfeddine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Exon Junctions

Deleterious mutations ofSLC26A4cause Pendred syndrome (PS), an autosomal recessive disorder comprising goitre and deafness with enlarged vestibular aqueducts (EVA), and nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL). However, theSLC26A4hyperactivity was recently associated with the emergence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) and asthma among human and mouse model. Here, by direct sequencing, we investigate the sequences of the 20 coding exons (2 to 21) of SLC26A4 and their flanking intron-exon junctions among patients affected with Graves' disease (GD) hyperthyroidism. Ten mono-allelic variants were identified, seven of which are intronic and previously unreported. Two, c.898A>C (p.I300L) and c.1061T>C (p.F354S), of the three exonic variants are non synonymous. The p.F354S variant is already described to be involved in PS or NSHL inheritances. The exploration by PCR-RFLP of p.I300L and p.F354S variants among 132 GD patients, 105 Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), 206 Healthy subjects and 102 families with NSHL have shown the presence of both variants. The p.F354S variation was identified both among patients (1~HT and 3 GD) and healthy subjects (n=5). Whereas, the p.I300L variant was identified only in GD patients (n=3). Our studies provide evidence of the importance of systematic analysis ofSLC26A4gene sequences on models other than deafness. This approach allows the identification of new variants and the review of the pathogenic effects of certain mono-allelic variants reported responsible for PS and NSHL development.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of Relapsing Polychondoritis and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Nakajima ◽  
Hajime Yoshifuji ◽  
Yoshihisa Yamano ◽  
Kimiko Yurugi ◽  
Yasuo Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Relapsing Polychondritis ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
Recurrent Inflammation ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Distinct Subtype

Abstract Background: Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent inflammation and destruction of cartilageous tissues. RP has characteristics of autoimmune disease and some reports have noted co-occurrence with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), consisting of Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). However there have been no detailed studies on the co-occurrence of RP and AITD. In this study, we aimed to determine whether patients with RP tend to be complicated with AITD. We also analyzed clinical and genetic profiles of patients in whom these diseases co-occur.Methods: We recruited 117 patients with RP and reviewed their medical records. Furthermore, we genotyped Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA)-A, B Cw, DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 alleles for 93 of the 117 patients. The prevalence of AITD among the patients with RP was compared with that among the general Japanese population. We also analyzed the clinical and genetic features of the patients with both RP and AITD.Results: The prevalence of GD among the patients with RP was 4.3% (5 among 117 patients), significantly higher than that among Japanese (0.11%) (p=2.44×10-7, binomial test). RP patients with GD tended to have nasal involvement (p=0.023) (odds ratio (OR) 2.58) and HLA-DPB1*02:02 (p=0.035, OR 10.41). We did not find significant enrichment of HT in patients with RP.Conclusions: Patients with RP appear to be at elevated risk of GD. Nasal involvement and HLA-DPB1*02:02 may characterize the subset of RP patients with GD, which may guide attempts to characterize distinct subtype of RP for precision medicine.

Autoimmune thyroid diseases, autoimmune hepatitis, celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from the CARRA Legacy Registry

Lupus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1926-1936
Author(s):  
Ohoud AlAhmed ◽  
Vidya Sivaraman ◽  
Melissa Moore-Clingenpeel ◽  
Stacy P Ardoin ◽  
Sharon Bout-Tabaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Lupus Disease Activity

Objective Polyautoimmunity (PA) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is reported as a poor prognostic factor, but little is known about its effect in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE). We describe PA in cSLE within the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Legacy Registry and evaluate its association to lupus disease outcomes. Methods CARRA Legacy Registry is the largest pediatric rheumatology registry that collected data at enrollment and every 6 months thereafter. We describe the co-occurrence of selected autoimmune disorders (autoimmune thyroid diseases, autoimmune hepatitis, celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus) in cSLE. To assess outcomes, we studied measures of lupus disease activity, complications, and patient’s quality of life (QoL). Comparisons by PA status were made using chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, two-sample t-tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and mixed effects models as appropriate. Results 1285 patients met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE. Of those, 388 (30%) had data on comorbidity. The prevalence of PA was 8.8%. Patients with PA reported more hospitalizations and aggressive immunotherapy use. SLEDAI and PGA scores improved over time, but did not differ by PA status. No significant differences were found in QoL measures or their trajectory over time by PA status. Conclusion In cSLE, PA is associated with more hospitalizations and aggressive immunotherapy use. Although lupus disease activity improved over time, patients' QoL neither improved over time nor differed by having other autoimmune disease. Prospective, case-control, long-term follow-up studies on cSLE are needed to validate our results. MeSH Key Indexing Terms Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus; Autoimmune diseases; Outcome assessment

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori Infection and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: The Role of Virulent Strains

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natale Figura ◽  
Giovanni Di Cairano ◽  
Elena Moretti ◽  
Francesca Iacoponi ◽  
Annalisa Santucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Caga Status ◽  
H Pylori

Aim: To verify a possible association between overall H. pylori and CagA+ H. pylori infection and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Methods: Consecutive patients with AITDs admitted to one single centre of Endocrinology during one solar year were examined. The diagnoses were Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) in 76, Graves’ Disease (GD) in 39, and aspecific thyroiditis (AT) in 44 patients. Controls were 136 individuals without AITDs. Median values of fT3, fT4, anti-thyreoglobulin (Tg) antibodies, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in patients were compared with those in controls. H. pylori infection and CagA status were determined serologically. Structural homology of some thyroid proteins with H. pylori antigens was investigated. Results: H. pylori infection prevalence was significantly increased in GD (66.6%) and HT (64.4%) patients, vs. 29.4% of controls and 34.0% of AT. CagA seropositivity was significantly more frequent in GD (46.1%) and HT (46.9%) infected patients, vs. infected controls (20%). fT3 and fT4 median values were significantly decreased in infected CagA+ GD patients vs. uninfected GD patients. IL-1β median values were increased in patients respect to controls, independently of the clinical form of AITD. Median values of IL-6, TNF-α and anti-Tg autoantibodies in CagA infected patients were significantly higher than those measured in infected CagA− and uninfected patients and in infected CagA+ controls. The examined thyroid proteins shared putative conserved domains with numerous bacterial antigens. Conclusions: Overall H. pylori and CagA+ H. pylori infection were associated with GD and HT, putatively through an increased inflammatory status and molecular mimicry.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of Relapsing Polychondoritis and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Nakajima ◽  
Hajime Yoshifuji ◽  
Yoshihisa Yamano ◽  
Kimiko Yurugi ◽  
Yasuo Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
General Japanese Population ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
Recurrent Inflammation ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Distinct Subtype

Abstract BackgroundRelapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent inflammation and destruction of cartilageous tissues. RP has characteristics of autoimmune disease and some reports have noted co-occurrence with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), consisting of Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). However there have been no detailed studies on the co-occurrence of RP and AITD. In this study, we aimed to determine whether patients with RP tend to be complicated with AITD. We also analyzed clinical and genetic profiles of patients in whom these diseases co-occur. MethodsWe recruited 117 patients with RP and reviewed their medical records. Furthermore, we genotyped Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA)-A, B Cw, DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 alleles for 93 of the 117 patients. The prevalence of AITD among the patients with RP was compared with that among the general Japanese population. We also analyzed the clinical and genetic features of the patients with both RP and AITD. ResultsThe prevalence of GD among the patients with RP was 4.3% (5 among 117 patients), significantly higher than that among Japanese (0.53%) (p=2.49×10-3, odds ratio (OR) 8.27). RP patients with GD tended to have nasal involvement (p=0.023) (OR 2.58) and HLA-DPB1*02:02 (p=0.035, OR 10.41). We did not find significant enrichment of HT in patients with RP. ConclusionsPatients with RP appear to be at elevated risk of GD. Nasal involvement and HLA-DPB1*02:02 characterize the subset of RP patients with GD, which may guide attempts to characterize distinct subtype of RP for precision medicine.

Elevated anti-α-galactosyl antibody titres. A marker of progression in autoimmune thyroid disorders and in endocrine ophthalmopathy?

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Etienne-Decerf ◽  
M. Malaise ◽  
P. Mahieu ◽  
R. Winand
Keyword(s):  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Endocrine Ophthalmopathy

Abstract. The titres of anti-α-galactosyl antibodies were measured by passive haemagglutination in 50 control subjects and in 128 patients presenting with various thyroid disorders. Titres of control subjects ranged from 1/10 to 1/80, regardless of age and blood group. Elevated titres (> 1/80) were constantly noted in 6/6 patients with progressive exophthalmos, in 5/5 patients with untreated Graves' disease, and in 11/12 patients with progressive nontoxic goitre. By contrast, the titres were within the normal range in primary myxoedema (17 patients) and in residual exophthalmos (11 patients), whereas they were only erratically increased in 1/31 patients with treated or cured Graves' disease and in 5/36 patients with nonprogressive nontoxic goitre. Finally, elevated titres were also found in 3/7 patients presenting with autoimmune thyroiditis. No correlations could be established between elevated titres and the thyrotropin binding inhibiting immunoglobulin activity, the antithyroglobulin antibody titres or the antimicrosomal antibody titres. As in the control subjects, the anti-α-galactosyl antibodies mainly belonged to the IgG class. Affinity purified anti-α-galactosyl antibodies were capable of binding to trypsinized human and porcine thyroid cells in culture, as shown by indirect immunofluorescence. On the other hand, they were not able to react with untreated thyroid cells. The data show that the measurement of anti-α-galactosyl antibody titres could represent an easy and useful tool to determine whether an autoimmune thyroid disorder is in progression. Besides, they suggest that some of the antigenic determinants implicated in the enhanced production of anti-α-galactosyl antibodies are present, but normally hidden, within the cell surface of thyroid cells.

scholarly journals Microarray Analysis of Cytokine Activation of Apoptosis Pathways in the Thyroid

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (10) ◽  
pp. 4844-4852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su He Wang ◽  
Mary Van Antwerp ◽  
Rork Kuick ◽  
Paul G. Gauger ◽  
Gerard M. Doherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Mapk Phosphorylation ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Cytokine Activation ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Sb 203580

It has been suggested that Fas-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Our previous studies have demonstrated that normal primary thyroid epithelial cells are resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis, but the resistance can be overcome by pretreatment with a combination of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-1β. To understand the molecular mechanism responsible for the IFN-γ/IL-1β effects, we profiled changes in the transcription induced by these two cytokines in normal human thyroid cells, using cDNA microarrays. We found that IFN-γ/IL-1β showed a significant increase in apoptosis-related genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2), and caspases 10. These increases were confirmed by other methods, including real-time PCR and Western blot. Furthermore, the sensitization of primary thyroid epithelial cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis by IFN-γ/IL-1β was significantly blocked by a general caspase inhibitor, z-VAD, or by the combination of two specific individual caspase inhibitors. In addition, our results showed that IFN-γ/IL-1β enhance p38 MAPK phosphorylation and that SB 203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, can inhibit IFN-γ/IL-1β-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation. SB 203580 also significantly prevented cytokine-induced iNOS expression and caspase activation and thus blocked Fas-mediated apoptosis of thyroid cells sensitized by IFN-γ/IL-1β. In conclusion, our data suggest that both p38 MAPK and iNOS are involved in IFN-γ/IL-1β-induced sensitization of the thyroid cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis via the activation of caspases 3, 7, and 10 and that this pathway may be further activated by BID. This hints that inflammatory cytokines regulate death-receptor-mediated apoptosis at multiple points in the process.

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