Census Data for Health Preparedness and Response

2005 ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
Jane L. Garb ◽  
Richard B. Wait
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Technological Disasters ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Disease Epidemics

The epidemiologist works with researchers in various disciplines as well as public and private health practitioners who are responsible for maintaining and improving the health of the population. Health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”(WHO, 1948). The role of the epidemiologist is to provide information on the extent, etiology and risk of disease or injury. Key to this role is knowledge of the location, size and demographic makeup of the population at risk for developing disease or injury. By integrating this information with the location of cases as well as risk factors, epidemiologists can make a vital contribution to disease and injury prevention, intervention and response. This applies both to endemic or “usual” levels of both chronic diseases like cancer or heart disease and infectious diseases like pneumonia or influenza, and injuries like gunshot wounds or motor vehicle accidents. It also applies to disease epidemics or outbreaks like SARS; attacks by biological or chemical weapons such as Anthrax, ricin or sarin; and inadvertent natural or technological disasters including earthquakes, transportation disasters or widespread power interruptions. This chapter explores the types of census data for disease surveillance, prevention and intervention.

Lumbosacral Plexopathy in Gunshot Wounds and Motor Vehicle Accidents

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Y. Chiou-Tan ◽  
Kenneth Kemp ◽  
Marcia Elfenbaum ◽  
Kwai-Tung Chan ◽  
James Song
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Lumbosacral Plexopathy

scholarly journals The effects of motor vehicle accidents on careers and the work performance of victims

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna C. Diedericks
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Job Accommodation ◽  
Managerial Implications

Orientation: Research into the long-term effects of motor accidents on the work performance and careers of victims in South Africa is limited. Results of this research are important for employers who must assist the employees after they return to work.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to contribute to research on the effects of the injuries by investigating the relationship between the severity of the injuries and the careers and growth potential of victims.Motivation for the study: Employers could use the information on the effects of the injuries on the careers of victims to plan interventions and job accommodations to retain employees and to manage their well-being and performance.Research design, approach and method: The author conducted a quantitative survey on a purposive sample (N = 199) of adult victims of motor vehicle accidents in 2010 in South Africa. She used descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse the data.Main findings: The author observed a number of significant relationships between the effects of the different injuries on the careers and growth potential of victims.Practical/managerial implications: Organisations and managers need to recognise the physical and psychological effects of injuries victims sustain in motor accidents and the associated responsibility of organisations to accommodate these employees.Contribution/value-add: The findings of the study can add to the literature and provide insights into the consequences of the injuries. They also provide information that can assist organisations to create an awareness of job accommodation and employee wellness of accident victims.

Traumatic Intracranial Aneurysms in Childhood: Two Cases and a Review of the Literature

Neurosurgery ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Buckingham ◽  
Kerry R. Crone ◽  
William S. Ball ◽  
Thomas A. Tomsick ◽  
Thomas S. Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Penetrating Trauma ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Traumatic Aneurysms ◽  
Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery

Abstract Traumatic intracranial aneurysms in childhood are rare. To date, 67 well-documented cases in children have been reported. We present 2 additional cases and review the literature. Traumatic aneurysms can best be categorized based on mechanism of injury and location. Aneurysms secondary to penetrating trauma occur most commonly in teenage boys suffering gunshot wounds. Aneurysms secondary to nonpenetrating trauma occur at the skull base or in the periphery, with motor vehicle accidents and falls as the most common modes of injury. Skull base traumatic aneurysms most commonly involve the petrous, cavernous, or supraclinoid carotid artery and also show a predominance in teenage boys. Peripheral traumatic aneurysms can further be divided into distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms secondary to trauma against the falcine edge and distal cortical artery aneurysms associated with an overlying skull fracture. Peripheral traumatic aneurysms tend to occur in younger patients with a less marked male predominance. Two-thirds of the patients suffered symptomatic aneurysmal hemorrhage, with an associated mortality rate of 31%. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of traumatic intracranial aneurysms are discussed. (Neurosurgery 22:398-408, 1988)

scholarly journals Versatility of Subscapular Chimeric Free Flaps in the Secondary Reconstruction of Composite Posttraumatic Defects of the Upper Face

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
MarkWinston Stalder ◽  
MatthewWhitten Wise ◽  
Charles L. Dupin ◽  
Hugo St Hilaire
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Skin Paddle ◽  
Secondary Reconstruction ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Upper Face ◽  
Tissue Defects

High energy injuries to the upper face present challenging reconstructive problems. In some cases, initial reconstructive efforts result in unfavorable outcomes that require secondary intervention. Chimeric free flaps based on the subscapular system offer the tissue components and volume needed for these complex reconstructions. This is a series of five patients who underwent secondary reconstruction of the middle and upper face following traumatic injury. Mechanism of injury, prior attempts at reconstruction, and characteristics of the tissue defects and the flaps used in their reconstruction are described. Two patients were female and three were male. Three injuries resulted from gunshot wounds, and two from motor vehicle accidents. All patients had multiple prior failed attempts at reconstruction using local/regional tissue. Defects included symptomatic oronasal or oro-orbital fistulas, enophthalmos, and forehead contour deformities. Two of the flaps used included scapular bone and latissimus muscular components, and three included scapular bone and thoracodorsal artery perforator-based skin paddle components. All free tissue transfers were successful, and no patients suffered significant complications. Chimeric free flaps based on the subscapular system offer a valuable secondary strategy for reconstruction of composite defects of the upper face when other options have been exhausted through previous efforts.

scholarly journals Maxillary Fractures

2021 ◽  
pp. 1125-1149
Author(s):  
Oommen Aju Jacob ◽  
Akhilesh Prathap
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Function

AbstractFacial trauma is often associated with severe morbidity with respect to loss of function and disfigurement. The maxilla is arguably the most anatomically intricate structure of the face and blunt trauma due to interpersonal violence, motor vehicle accidents, gunshot wounds, industrial accidents and falls contribute to etiology of maxillary fractures. Fractures of the midface are often challenging to the maxillofacial surgeon, due to wide variety of patterns of the fracture, diagnostic challenges and treatment dilemmas. The basic tenet in the management of these fractures is to reconstitute the vertical and horizontal buttresses of the midface, thus reestablishing structure and function. This chapter gives a comprehensive overview on the diagnosis, management and treatment of fractures of the Maxilla.

scholarly journals Island Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap and a Perforator Flap in Repairing Post-Gunshot Thoracic Spine CSF Fistula: Case Presentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Nangole F. Wanjala ◽  
Khainga Ominde Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Perforator Flap ◽  
Muscle Flap ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

Persistent posttraumatic CSF fluid leakage may present a challenge to manage. Failure to address the leakage may result in complications such as meningitis, septicemia, radiculopathy, muscle weakness, and back pains. While the majority of the leakages may be managed conservatively, large dura defects as a result of gunshot wounds or motor vehicle accidents are best managed by surgical interventions. This may range from primary closure of the defect to fascial grafts, adhesive glues, and flaps. We present our experience with the use of flaps in a patient who had sustained such wounds in the thoracic spine. An island latissimus dorsal flap and a perforator fasciocutaneous flap were used to close the defect. Postoperatively the patient recovered well and the wounds healed without any complications.

A Reassessment of Suicide Measurement

Crisis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Doessel ◽  
Ruth F.G. Williams ◽  
Harvey Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Evaluation Exercise ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Circulatory Diseases

Background. Concern with suicide measurement is a positive, albeit relatively recent, development. A concern with “the social loss from suicide” requires careful attention to appropriately measuring the phenomenon. This paper applies two different methods of measuring suicide data: the conventional age-standardized suicide (count) rate; and the alternative rate, the potential years of life lost (PYLL) rate. Aims. The purpose of applying these two measures is to place suicide in Queensland in a historical and comparative (relative to other causes of death) perspective. Methods. Both measures are applied to suicide data for Queensland since 1920. These measures are applied also to two “largish” causes of death and two “smaller” causes of death, i.e., circulatory diseases, cancers, motor vehicle accidents, suicide. Results. The two measures generate quite different pictures of suicide in Queensland: Using the PYLL measure, suicide is a quantitatively larger issue than is indicated by the count measure. Conclusions. The PYLL measure is the more appropriate measure for evaluation exercise of public health prevention strategies. This is because the PYLL measure is weighted by years of life lost and, thus, it incorporates more information than the count measure which implicitly weights each death with a somewhat partial value, viz. unity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document