Digital Television and Multi-Channel in Europe

2011 ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Janne Orava ◽  
Mika Perttula
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
European Context ◽  
Communication Environment ◽  
Channel Environment ◽  
European Markets ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter introduces digital television as part of a multi-channel environment in a European context. It argues that digital television in general is in its early stage, that European markets for digital television are fragmented, that development occurs in a country dependently, and that digital television’s development pace will have notable effects for the development of a multi-channel communication environment. Furthermore, the authors hope that understanding the development of digital television in a multi-channel context will not only inform researchers of the digital television and multi-channel communication in general, but also will provide some insight into the challenges they are facing on their way to maturity.

Care for delirium superimposed on dementia at an early stage

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Good Care ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Delirium Superimposed On Dementia

Delirium is a common serious complication in dementia that is associated with poor prognosis and a high burden on caregivers and healthcare professionals. Appropriate care is therefore important at an early stage for patients with delirium superimposed on dementia To gain insight into the care of six patients with delirium superimposed on dementia, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted focused on the experiences of caregivers and professionals. The interviews revealed four themes that appeared to play a role: 1. experiences with and views on behavioral problems of these patients, 2. recognition and diagnosis of delirium in dementia, 3. views on good care and 4. organizational aspects. Knowledge gaps about delirium in dementia, as well as ethical considerations, play an important role in organizing timely and adequate care for patients with delirium superimposed on dementia.

scholarly journals The Impact of Spaceflight and Microgravity on the Human Islet-1+ Cardiovascular Progenitor Cell Transcriptome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3577
Author(s):  
Victor Camberos ◽  
Jonathan Baio ◽  
Ana Mandujano ◽  
Aida F. Martinez ◽  
Leonard Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Support Cell ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Islet 1 ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insight Into

Understanding the transcriptomic impact of microgravity and the spaceflight environment is relevant for future missions in space and microgravity-based applications designed to benefit life on Earth. Here, we investigated the transcriptome of adult and neonatal cardiovascular progenitors following culture aboard the International Space Station for 30 days and compared it to the transcriptome of clonally identical cells cultured on Earth. Cardiovascular progenitors acquire a gene expression profile representative of an early-stage, dedifferentiated, stem-like state, regardless of age. Signaling pathways that support cell proliferation and survival were induced by spaceflight along with transcripts related to cell cycle re-entry, cardiovascular development, and oxidative stress. These findings contribute new insight into the multifaceted influence of reduced gravitational environments.

On the use of jerk and snap in condition monitoring of machinery – review and case studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 457-464
Author(s):  
S Lahdelma
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Rolling Bearings ◽  
Monitoring Applications ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Peak Value

The time derivatives of acceleration offer a great advantage in detecting impact-causing faults at an early stage in condition monitoring applications. Defective rolling bearings and gears are common faults that cause impacts. This article is based on extensive real-world measurements, through which large-scale machines have been studied. Numerous laboratory experiments provide additional insight into the matter. A practical solution for detecting faults with as few features as possible is to measure the root mean square (RMS) velocity according to the standards in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 1000 Hz and the peak value of the second time derivative of acceleration, ie snap. Measuring snap produces good results even when the upper cut-off frequency is as low as 2 kHz or slightly higher. This is valuable information when planning the mounting of accelerometers.

Theoretical insight into adsorption and dissociation of water on NiCr binary alloy surfaces: Early-stage oxidation mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 130 (11) ◽  
pp. 115303
Author(s):  
Ya-Ru Yin ◽  
Cui-Lan Ren ◽  
Zhao-Feng Liang ◽  
Jian-Xing Dai ◽  
He-Fei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Alloy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Adsorption And Dissociation ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Metabolic flexibility during sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeng Zhang ◽  
Yoshiaki Tanaka ◽  
Asuka Ishihara ◽  
Akiko Uchizawa ◽  
Insung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
Extended Duration ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Metabolic Inflexibility ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractKnown as metabolic flexibility, oxidized substrate is selected in response to changes in the nutritional state. Sleep imposes an extended duration of fasting, and oxidized substrates during sleep were assumed to progressively shift from carbohydrate to fat, thereby gradually decreasing the respiratory quotient (RQ). Contrary to this assumption, whole-room indirect calorimetry with improved time resolution revealed that RQ re-ascended prior to awakening, and nadir of RQ in non-obese young adults occurred earlier in women than men after bedtime. The transient decrease in RQ during sleep was blunted in metabolically inflexible men with smaller amplitude of diurnal rhythm in RQ. Similarly, the effect of 10 years difference in age on RQ became significant during sleep; the decrease in RQ during sleep was blunted in older subjects. Inter-individual difference in RQ become apparent during sleep, and it might serve as a window to gain insight into the early-stage pathogenesis of metabolic inflexibility.

scholarly journals Pyruvate Substitutions on Glycoconjugates

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hager ◽  
Sützl ◽  
Stefanović ◽  
Blaukopf ◽  
Schäffer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Cell Wall Component ◽  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
Acid Labile ◽  
Insight Into

Glycoconjugates are the most diverse biomolecules of life. Mostly located at the cell surface, they translate into cell-specific “barcodes” and offer a vast repertoire of functions, including support of cellular physiology, lifestyle, and pathogenicity. Functions can be fine-tuned by non-carbohydrate modifications on the constituting monosaccharides. Among these modifications is pyruvylation, which is present either in enol or ketal form. The most commonly best-understood example of pyruvylation is enol-pyruvylation of N-acetylglucosamine, which occurs at an early stage in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall component peptidoglycan. Ketal-pyruvylation, in contrast, is present in diverse classes of glycoconjugates, from bacteria to algae to yeast—but not in humans. Mild purification strategies preventing the loss of the acid-labile ketal-pyruvyl group have led to a collection of elucidated pyruvylated glycan structures. However, knowledge of involved pyruvyltransferases creating a ring structure on various monosaccharides is scarce, mainly due to the lack of knowledge of fingerprint motifs of these enzymes and the unavailability of genome sequences of the organisms undergoing pyruvylation. This review compiles the current information on the widespread but under-investigated ketal-pyruvylation of monosaccharides, starting with different classes of pyruvylated glycoconjugates and associated functions, leading to pyruvyltransferases, their specificity and sequence space, and insight into pyruvate analytics.

COVID-19 aus Sicht des Nephrologen

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (15) ◽  
pp. 1068-1073
Author(s):  
Martin Kann ◽  
Thomas Benzing
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIncreasing insight into the clinical phenotype and mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 has identified damage of the kidneys as a key player in the course of the disease. This manuscript summarizes the current knowledge on direct viral infection of kidney tissue, proteinuria and acute kidney injury in COVID-19, and management of patients on chronic dialysis as well as after kidney transplantation. Direct infection of podocytes and proximal tubular cells by SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed and results in proteinuria and hematuria at an early stage of COVID-19. In this context, any kidney affection is a predictor of worse outcomes among COVID-19 patients irrespective of the initial presentation and increases the risk of acute kidney injury. Specific therapies for kidney damage and acute kidney injury within COVID-19 that could be generally recommended are currently lacking. Patients on chronic hemodialysis in particular are at risk for contracting SARS-CoV-2 infections as indicated by outbreaks and super-spreading events in hemodialysis facilities. Immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation needs to be adapted upon diagnosis of COVID-19 depending on the severity of the initial presentation.

A pH-dependent conformational transition of Aβ peptide and physicochemical properties of the conformers in the glial cell

2002 ◽  
Vol 361 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi MATSUNAGA ◽  
Nobuhiro SAITO ◽  
Akihiro FUJII ◽  
Junichi YOKOTANI ◽  
Tadakazu TAKAKURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cell ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Conformational Transition ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Aβ Peptide ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Insight Into

In the present study we identified the epitopes of antibodies against amyloid β-(1–42)-peptide (Aβ1–42): 4G8 reacted with peptides corresponding to residues 17–21, 6F/3D reacted with peptides corresponding to residues 9–14, and anti 5-10 reacted with peptides corresponding to residues 5–10. The study also yielded some insight into the Aβ1–42 structures resulting from differences in pH. An ELISA study using monoclonal antibodies showed that pH-dependent conformational changes occur in the 6F/3D and 4G8 epitopes modified at pH 4.6, but not in the sequences recognized by anti 1-7 and anti 5-10. This was unique to Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 and did not occur with Aβ1–16 or Aβ17–42. The reactivity profile of 4G8 was not affected by blockage of histidine residues of pH-modified Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 with diethyl pyrocarbonate; however, the mutant [Gln11]Aβ1–40 abrogated the unique pH-dependence towards 4G8 observed with Aβ1–40. These findings suggest that these epitopes are cryptic at pH4.6, and that Glu11 is responsible for the changes. We suggest that the abnormal folding of 6F/3D epitope affected by pH masked the 4G8 epitope. A study of the binding of metal ions to Aβ1–42 suggested that Cu2+ and Zn2+ induced a conformational transition around the 6F/3D region at pH7.4, but did not affect the region when it was modified at pH4.6. However, Fe2+ had no effect, irrespective of pH. Aβ modified at pH 4.6 appeared to be relatively resistant to proteinase K compared with Aβs modified at pH7.4, and the former might be preferentially internalized and accumulated in a human glial cell. Our findings suggest the importance of microenvironmental changes, such as pH, in the early stage of formation of Aβ aggregates in the glial cell.

Determinants of early stage high-growth entrepreneurship: Evidence from South East Europe region

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-369
Author(s):  
Bojan Leković ◽  
Nemanja Berber
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ventures ◽  
East Europe ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
New Business ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
See Region ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Insight Into

The main objective of this paper is to determine the factors of influence on growth aspired entrepreneurial ventures in order to determine characteristics of these entrepreneurs in the SEE region. We draw upon data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor international survey in order to provide deeper insight into the high-growth entrepreneurship in selected SEE countries. For the purposes of this research, the authors included six countries in the research sample of South East Europe: Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and FYR of Macedonia. An exploratory sample of the mentioned countries was 12027 respondents and 457 high-growth entrepreneurs. Based on the nature of the observed variables, we used Spearman's correlation and ordinal logistic regression (ORL) in order to explore the relations between variables. We used OLR to explore the relation between the national culture, entrepreneurial motives, and aspiration to the level of entrepreneurial growth intentions. The findings demonstrate that entrepreneurial motives, innovation, and internationalization of new business venture have statistically significant relations with the high-growth aspirations among entrepreneurs in South East Europe region.

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