Population Symbiotic Evolution in a Model of Industrial Districts

2007 ◽  
pp. 301-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Merlone
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Implementation Strategy ◽  
Parallel Implementation ◽  
Industrial Districts ◽  
Dynamic Complexity ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Simulation Environments

This chapter considers a model of industrial districts where different populations interact symbiotically. The approach consists of the parallel implementation of the model with jESOF and plain C++. We consider a district decomposition where two populations, workers and firms, cooperate while behaving independently. We can find interesting effects both in terms of worker localization consequences and of the dynamic complexity of the model, with policy resistance aspects.By using a multiple implementation strategy, we compare the advantages of the two modeling techniques and highlight the benefits arising when the same model is implemented on radically different simulation environments; furthermore we discuss and examine the results of our simulations in terms of policy-making effects.

scholarly journals HbA1c levels in individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin variants

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Ricardo Silva Tavares ◽  
Fábio Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Isabel Cristina Carvalho Medeiros Francescantonio ◽  
Weslley Carvalho Soares ◽  
Mauro Meira Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hemoglobin Variants ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Summary Objective: To evaluate the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients heterozygous for hemoglobin variants and compare the results of this test with those of a control group. Method: This was an experimental study based on the comparison of HbA1c tests in two different populations, with a test group represented by individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin variants (AS and AC) and a control group consisting of people with electrophoretic profile AA. The two populations were required to meet the following inclusion criteria: Normal levels of fasting glucose, hemoglobin, urea and triglycerides, bilirubin > 20 mg/dL and non-use of acetylsalicylic acid. 50 heterozygous subjects and 50 controls were evaluated between August 2013 and May 2014. The comparison of HbA1c levels between heterozygous individuals and control subjects was performed based on standard deviation, mean and G-Test. Results: The study assessed a test group and a control group, both with 39 adults and 11 children. The mean among heterozygous adults for HbA1c was 5.0%, while the control group showed a rate of 5.74%. Heterozygous children presented mean HbA1c at 5.11%, while the controls were at 5.78%. G-Test yielded p=0.93 for children and p=0.89 for adults. Conclusion: Our study evaluated HbA1c using ion exchange chromatography resins, and the patients heterozygous for hemoglobin variants showed no significant difference from the control group.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in different populations of sloths assessed by DNA fingerprinting

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. MORAES ◽  
J. S. MORGANTE ◽  
C. Y. MIYAKI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Two Populations

In this study we analyzed a population of Bradypus torquatus with individuals originally distributed in different localities of Bahia, and two populations of B. variegatus with individuals from Bahia and São Paulo States. Using the DNA fingerprinting method, we assessed the genetic variability within and between populations. Analysis of the DNA profiles revealed genetic similarity indices ranging from 0.34 ± 0.07 to 0.87 ± 0.04. Similar low levels of genetic variability were found only in isolated mammalian populations or among related individuals. This study presents the first analyses of genetic diversity in sloth populations.

Arteriolar endothelial cell barrier separates two populations of muscarinic receptors

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (4) ◽  
pp. H1311-H1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Rivers ◽  
B. R. Duling
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Cheek Pouch ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Differential Control ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Two Populations

The endothelium of arterioles can function as a barrier to diffusion of hydrophilic molecules when studied in vitro. Thus a substance applied to one side of the arteriole is relatively ineffective in reaching receptors on the opposite side of the vessel wall unless it is lipid soluble. To study the receptor populations on the two sides of the arteriolar endothelium, we used micropipettes to apply methacholine (MCh; 1.0 microM), either luminally or adventitially, for 5 s to the arterioles of the cheek pouch of pentobarbital-anesthetized hamsters. MCh equally dilated the arterioles regardless of the side of application. That different populations of receptors are located on either side of the arteriole was shown by the fact that adventitially applied hydrophilic methscopolamine was ineffective in blocking the effects of the luminally applied MCh but completely blocked the effects of abluminally applied MCh. In contrast, the luminal population of receptors was easily blocked by adventially applied scopolamine, which is lipophilic. Separate and independent populations of receptors in the vessel wall suggests the potential for differential control between humoral and adventitial sources of vasoactive metabolites.

scholarly journals Revisited mass-radius relations for exoplanets below 120 M⊕

2020 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
pp. A43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Otegi ◽  
F. Bouchy ◽  
R. Helled
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Planetary Formation ◽  
Core Mass ◽  
Transiting Planets ◽  
Small Density ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Two Populations

The masses and radii of exoplanets are fundamental quantities needed for their characterisation. Studying the different populations of exoplanets is important for understanding the demographics of the different planetary types, which can then be linked to planetary formation and evolution. We present an updated exoplanet catalogue based on reliable, robust, and, as much as possible accurate mass and radius measurements of transiting planets up to 120 M⊕. The resulting mass-radius (M-R) diagram shows two distinct populations, corresponding to rocky and volatile-rich exoplanets which overlap in both mass and radius. The rocky exoplanet population shows a relatively small density variability and ends at mass of ~25 M⊕, possibly indicating the maximum core mass that can be formed. We use the composition line of pure water to separate the two populations, and infer two new empirical M-R relations based on this data: M = (0.9 ± 0.06) R(3.45±0.12) for the rocky population, and M = (1.74 ± 0.38) R(1.58±0.10) for the volatile-rich population. While our results for the two regimes are in agreement with previous studies, the new M-R relations better match the population in the transition region from rocky to volatile-rich exoplanets, which correspond to a mass range of 5–25 M⊕, and a radius range of 2–3 R⊕.

scholarly journals First passage time to allopatric speciation

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 20130026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Yamaguchi ◽  
Yoh Iwasa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Allopatric Speciation ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Simple Stochastic Model ◽  
Migration Event ◽  
Large Diffusion

Allopatric speciation is a mechanism to evolve reproductive isolation; it is caused by the accumulation of genetic differences between populations while they are geographically isolated. Here, we studied a simple stochastic model for the time until speciation caused by geographical isolation in fragmented populations that experience recurrent but infrequent migration between subpopulations. We assumed that mating incompatibility is controlled by a number of loci that behave as neutral characters in the accumulation of novel mutations within each population. Genetic distance between populations was defined as the number of incompatibility-controlling loci that differ between them. Genetic distance increases through the separate accumulation of mutations in different populations, but decreases after a successful migration event followed by genetic mixing between migrants and residents. We calculated the time to allopatric speciation, which occurs when the genetic distance exceeds a specified threshold. If the number of invasive individuals relative to the resident population is not very large, diffusion approximation provides an accurate prediction. There is an intermediate optimal rate of migration that maximizes the rate of species creation by recurrent invasion and diversification. We also examined cases that involved more than two populations.

scholarly journals Characterization of morphological and meristic traits and their variations between two different populations (wild and cultured) of <i>Cichlasoma festae</i>, a species native to tropical Ecuadorian rivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín A. González ◽  
Jorge M. Rodriguez ◽  
Elena Angón ◽  
Andrés Martínez ◽  
Antón Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Length Standard ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract. This study was carried out to determine morphometric and meristic characteristics of two populations (wild and cultured) of Cichlasoma festae and to establish whether populations could be discriminated based on morphometric variability. Twenty-two morphometric and four meristic characters were used to test the hypothesis differentiation. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) from 100 adult specimens showed significant differences (p <  0.05) for 21 standardized morphometric measurements out of 26 characters among the means of the wild and cultured Cichlasoma festae populations tested. Cross correlation amongst certain morphometric variables (i.e. body weight, total length, standard length, pre-ventral length, AC1, LC1 and P1) were medium-strong (r ≥  0.5), while the remaining were weakly correlated (r <  0.5). The length–weight relationship parameter b and condition factor (K) values were respectively 2.21 and 1.97 (indicating allometric growth) for cultured fish groups and 2.86 and 4.07 (p <  0.05) for wild fish groups. The condition factor values were significantly different from each other and showed that feeding of cultured fish should be improved. Both groups were accurately separated (>  80 % success rate) by linear discriminant functions that included only four morphometric measures.

scholarly journals Microsatellite Variability of Two Populations of Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes, Clariidae) in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
M. O. Awodiran ◽  
F. O. Adeniran ◽  
R. O. Akinwale ◽  
A. A. Akinwande
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Significant Differentiation ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Genetic Signatures ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
River Niger

Abstract The study evaluated the genetic signatures of the fishes from the two populations and compared the pattern of differentiation of the two populations with a view to separating the species from the different populations into possible sub-species. Forty (40) specimens were collected from River Niger (Lokoja) and Asejire Resevoir. The DNA of the twenty (20) specimens from each population extracted from the muscle tissue using phenol-chloroform extraction (PCE) method was subjected to microsatellite DNA analysis. Seven (7) microsatellite markers (Cga01, Cga02, Cga03, Cga05, Cga06, Cga09 and Cga10) were used in the analysis. Microsatellite DNA analysis of the two populations revealed significant differentiation between the two populations as shown by the high values of heterozygosity, low level of inbreeding and non-conformance to Hardy-Weinberg’s equilibrium. It is concluded from the study that microsatellite analysis showed a high potentiality for separation of the populations.

scholarly journals RAPD-PCR based genomic characterization of two populations of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera : Culicidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
T. Kaura ◽  
P. Kaushal ◽  
M. Bansal ◽  
S. Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Two Populations

The present paper deals with the RAPD-PCR based genomic characterization of Culex quinquefasciatus Say which is a major vector of filariasis in several parts of the Indian subcontinent. One population of the test organism used in the study was procured from Goa (pop.A) while the other (pop.B) was collected from a village Nadasahib (20 kms from Chandigarh). The RAPD-PCR amplification of whole body homogenate of freshly hatched individual specimens was carried out by using three random primers: primer I- 5’- GTCCCGACGA – 3’; primer II- 5’– TGATCCCTGG – 3’ and primer III- 5’- GTGACGTAGG – 3’. Primer I produced 5 distinct bands from the DNA of pop. A, whose base composition ranged from 200-1000 bp. Likewise, 7 bands ranging from 130-750 bp and 4 bands ranging from 270-950 bp were generated with primers II and III respectively. In case of pop.B, a total of 8 bands ranging from 200-1000 bp were generated with primer I. Similarly, a total of 6 bands ranging from 250-900 bp with primer II and 4 bands ranging from 180-950 bp with primer III were produced. Based on the bandsharing coefficient and the application of Nearest Neighbour Joining (NJ) analysis it was found that primer Iwas more suitable for detecting genomic differences at the species and generic levels while primer II was ideal for detecting variations in the number of bp in RAPD generated bands among different populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus.

scholarly journals The effects of behaviourally relevant temperatures on mechanosensory neurones of the grasshopper, Schistocerca americana

1985 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
C. I. Miles
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Constant Stimulus ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Schistocerca Americana ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Two Populations

Grasshopper mechanosensory hair neurones respond to displacement of their associated hairs in a temperature sensitive manner: comparable increases in the number of spikes per stimulus result from increases in temperature with constant stimulus strengths and from increasing stimulus strengths at constant temperature. It is therefore not obvious that neurones in the CNS which receive inputs from mechanosensory hairs would be able to distinguish between these two parameters. The temperatures which populations of mechanosensory hairs on the thorax, head and tarsus experienced were measured in freely moving animals. Animals in thermally heterogeneous environments spent 90% of the accounted time in locations where thoracic temperatures of 32–44 degrees C were maintained (the behaviourally ‘preferred’ range). Head temperatures covered a wider range, and tarsal temperatures the widest. Different populations of mechanosensory hair neurones exhibited different sensitivities to temperature. Thoracic hair neurones were significantly more temperature sensitive than one of the two populations of head hairs studied, and tarsal hairs exhibited a pronounced temperature compensation in the behaviourally ‘preferred’ range. Wind sensitive head hairs, however, showed exceptionally high temperature sensitivities. There is a negative correlation between the temperature sensitivity of a population of mechanosensory hair neurones and the temperature variability to which those neurones are normally exposed. Implications of this correlation for the central interpretation of mechanosensory input are considered.

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