HbA1c levels in individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin variants

Summary Objective: To evaluate the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients heterozygous for hemoglobin variants and compare the results of this test with those of a control group. Method: This was an experimental study based on the comparison of HbA1c tests in two different populations, with a test group represented by individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin variants (AS and AC) and a control group consisting of people with electrophoretic profile AA. The two populations were required to meet the following inclusion criteria: Normal levels of fasting glucose, hemoglobin, urea and triglycerides, bilirubin > 20 mg/dL and non-use of acetylsalicylic acid. 50 heterozygous subjects and 50 controls were evaluated between August 2013 and May 2014. The comparison of HbA1c levels between heterozygous individuals and control subjects was performed based on standard deviation, mean and G-Test. Results: The study assessed a test group and a control group, both with 39 adults and 11 children. The mean among heterozygous adults for HbA1c was 5.0%, while the control group showed a rate of 5.74%. Heterozygous children presented mean HbA1c at 5.11%, while the controls were at 5.78%. G-Test yielded p=0.93 for children and p=0.89 for adults. Conclusion: Our study evaluated HbA1c using ion exchange chromatography resins, and the patients heterozygous for hemoglobin variants showed no significant difference from the control group.

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Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences ◽

10.24191/jchs.v1i1.5850 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Nazli Zainuddin ◽

Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽

Rosdan Salim

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Side Effects ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Test Group ◽

Nasal Symptom ◽

Control Group ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

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Clinical and Immunological Efficacy of Mangosteen and Propolis Extracted Complex in Patients with Gingivitis: A Multi-Centered Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082604 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2604

Author(s):

Jin-Young Park ◽

Kyung-A Ko ◽

Ji-Yeong Lee ◽

Jae-Woon Oh ◽

Hyun-Chang Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patient Reported Outcomes ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Control Groups ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Patient Reported ◽

And Control

Background: Mangosteen and propolis extracts (MAEC) have been potential therapeutic agents known to exhibit powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the clinical and immunological efficacy of MAEC as well as safety and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) on gingivitis and incipient periodontitis. Methods: This study was performed on 104 patients diagnosed with gingivitis or incipient periodontitis. At baseline, the participants were randomly allocated to either the test group, with daily intake of a single capsule containing 194 mg of MAEC for eight weeks, or control group, with placebo. Clinical periodontal evaluation and immunological parameters from saliva and gingival sulcular fluid were assessed at baseline, four, and eight weeks. Individual PROMs were assessed by OHIP-14 questionnaires. Results: There was a significant difference of modified gingival index at four and eight weeks between the test and control groups. In the test group, crevicular interleukin (IL)-6 was reduced, and the salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 was increased after eight weeks. PROMs were improved up to four weeks compared to placebo. Conclusion: Oral administration of MAEC would have a potential to reduce gingival inflammation clinically and immunologically in the patients with gingivitis and incipient periodontitis.

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Resorbable Collagen Barrier Impeding the Extrusion of Obturating Material in Primary Molars Undergoing Resorption – A Randomized Clinical Trial

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4625-45.5.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 312-316

Author(s):

Mishra Neha Sanjeev ◽

Harsimran Kaur ◽

Sandeep Singh Mayall ◽

Rishika ◽

Ramakrishna Yeluri

Keyword(s):

Test Group ◽

Primary Molars ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

And Control

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of placing a resorbable collagen barrier in impeding the extrusion of obturation material in primary molars undergoing resorption. Study design: All the 94 canals in 47 mandibular molars were allocated to 2 groups- Group ‘A’- 47 canals with collagen barrier (Test group) and Group ‘B’- 47 canals without collagen barrier (Control group) based on randomization protocol. Pulpectomy was performed and obturation of both test and control canals were radiographically assessed. Pearson’s chi – square test was applied to analyze the results. The significance level was predetermined at p < 0.05. Results: Among the test group, 93.6% of the canals showed no extrusion while, 6.4% showed visible extrusion of the material outside the apex. In the control group, 83% showed no extrusion whereas 17% of the canals showed visible extrusion outside the apex. But no significant difference was noted (p>0.05). Conclusion: The placement of resorbable collagen barrier in the apical third of the canal prevented the extrusion of obturating material beyond the apex in resorbing primary molars.

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Efficacy of a herbal toothpaste on patients with established gingivitis: a randomized controlled trial

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242006000200015 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 172-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Fabiana Ozaki ◽

Claudio Mendes Pannuti ◽

Ana Vitória Imbronito ◽

Wellington Pessotti ◽

Luciana Saraiva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Reactions ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Test Group ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

The aim of this randomised, double blind controlled trial was to verify the efficacy of a herbal dentifrice on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis. Forty eight volunteers with established gingivitis were randomly assigned to either a test group (herbal dentifrice) or positive control group (dentifrice with triclosan and fluoride). The dentifrices were distributed in plain white tubes by an independent pharmacy, which revealed the contents of each tube only after the experimental period. Plaque and gingivitis assessments were carried out on baseline and after 28 days of product use. All examinations were conducted by the same calibrated investigator. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth three times daily using their assigned dentifrice for 28 days. There was a significant reduction in plaque levels in both the test and control groups. However, there was no significant difference between the groups. A significant reduction in gingivitis was observed in both groups, although there was no significant difference between them. No adverse reactions were reported. The authors concluded that both dentifrices were effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis in subjects with established gingivitis.

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Assessment of anxiety and quality of life in fibromyalgia patients

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802004000600005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 122 (6) ◽

pp. 252-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Tathiana Pagano ◽

Luciana Akemi Matsutani ◽

Elisabeth Alves Gonçalves Ferreira ◽

Amélia Pasqual Marques ◽

Carlos Alberto de Bragança Pereira

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Outpatient Service ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

CONTEXT: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, and by a low pain threshold at specific anatomical points. The syndrome is associated with other symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disturbance, morning stiffness and anxiety. Because of its chronic nature, it often has a negative impact on patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of life and anxiety level of patients with fibromyalgia. TYPE Of STUDY: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Rheumatology outpatient service of Hospital das Clínicas (Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo). METHODS: This study evaluated 80 individuals, divided between test and control groups. The test group included 40 women with a confirmed diagnosis of fibromyalgia. The control group was composed of 40 healthy women. Three questionnaires were used: two to assess quality of life (FIQ and SF-36) and one to assess anxiety (STAI). They were applied to the individuals in both groups in a single face-to-face interview. The statistical analysis used Student's t test and Pearson's correlation test (r), with a significance level of 95%. Also, the Pearson chi-squared statistics test for homogeneity, with Yates correction, was used for comparing schooling between test and control groups. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.000), thus indicating that fibromyalgia patients have a worse quality of life and higher levels of anxiety. The correlations between the three questionnaires were high (r = 0.9). DISCUSSION: This study has confirmed the efficacy of FIQ for evaluating the impact of fibromyalgia on the quality of life. SF-36 is less specific than FIQ, although statistically significant values were obtained when analyzed separately, STAI showed lower efficacy for discriminating the test group from the control group. The test group showed worse quality of life than did the control group, which was demonstrated by both FIQ and SF-36. Even though STAI was a less efficient instrument, it presented significant results, showing that fibromyalgia patients presented higher levels of anxiety, both on the state and trait scales. Thus, patients with fibromyalgia had higher levels of tension, nervousness, preoccupation and apprehension, and higher propensity towards anxiety. CONCLUSION: The three instruments utilized showed efficiency in evaluating fibromyalgia patients. FIQ was found to be the most efficient instrument for discriminating and assessing the impact of fibromyalgia on their quality of life. It can be concluded that such patients have a worse quality of life and higher levels of anxiety.

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INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF REFLEXOLOGY IN INTENSITY OF PAIN AND ANXIETY AMONG PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM METASTATIC CANCER IN ADULTS’ HEMATOLOGY WARD

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.25212 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 401 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Simin Jahani ◽

Fatemeh Salari ◽

Nasrin Elahi ◽

Bahman Cheraghian

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Metastatic Cancer ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Anxiety Management ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Objective: Findings suggest dissatisfaction of half of the cancer patients regarding pain and anxiety management. This study aimed to determine the effect of reflexology on the intensity of pain and anxiety among patients with metastatic cancer hospitalized inadulthematology ward. Methods: In this study, the samples were selected from adult hematology ward in Baghaei 2 hospital in Ahwaz, Iran, according to the inclusion criteria. They were then assigned into treatment and control groups. In the treatment group, reflexology protocol was performed following manual reflexology method by Fr Josef Eugster based on Ingham method on the patient’s bed. In the control group, sole touching was used as the placebo. Reflexology was performed for three days, 30 min per day. Spielberger questionnaire were provided to the samples and completed in the first and third days, and Spielberger questionnaire was provided to the samples and completed. The data obtained from this study were then analyzed by SPSS 20.Results: The two groups did not show a significant difference in terms of demographic characteristics (p>0.05). Based on the obtained results, it was found that in the test group, there was a significant difference between the mean intensity of pain before and after the treatment across all 3 days as well as the mean anxiety of the 1st and 3rd days (p<0.05). However, in the control group, there was no significant difference in terms of mean pain intensity before and after the treatment across 3 days (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed between the mean anxiety of the 1st and 3rd days either (p>0.05).Conclusion: Considering the findings of this research, it can be concluded that reflexology has a positive effect on mitigating the intensity of pain and anxiety in metastatic cancer patients. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses employed in cancer centers benefit from the findings of this research to further help patients with cancer. It is also suggested that further research be conducted on the effect of reflexology on the pain and anxiety of other patients.

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The effect of reflexology on quality of life in Iranian patients with breast cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2016.34.26_suppl.90 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (26_suppl) ◽

pp. 90-90

Author(s):

Shadan Pedramrazi

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Quality Of Life ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Relaxation Techniques ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

90 Background: Breast cancer is one the most prevalent cancers among Iranian women. One of the complementary therapies is reflexology. The extant paper has been provided with the objective of determining the effect of reflexology on quality of life of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy in the breast disease center. Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial which has been applied to 60 patients suffering from breast cancer under chemotherapy in breast diseases center, in 2012. The patients were selected randomly in three test, control and placebo groups. In test group, reflexology was implemented for 3 weeks and each session lasted half an hour. In placebo group, only relaxation techniques were implemented for 3 weeks, each session lasted 20-30 minutes. Control group received the routine therapies of breast cancer center. Results: Data were collected by standard questionnaires of EORTIC QLQ-C30.V.3 and EORTIC QLQ-BR23.V.3. The questionnaires were filled before intervention and two weeks after applying study. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics or quality of life score of three groups, before intervention. Total score of quality of life was higher in interventional group compared to placebo group before and two weeks after intervention (p < 0.001) Results also indicated a significant difference in total score of quality of life between three test, placebo, and control groups after intervention (p < 0.001). A considerable improvement was noticed in the different aspects of quality of life in the test group compared to two other placebo and control groups. Conclusions: Reduction of pain, anxiety, nausea, and other symptoms related to cancer in patients suffering from cancer are assumed as the important cases of nursing cares focus, and precise nursing may diminish these symptoms considerably. Using reflexology in patients suffering from breast cancer may improve the quality of life as an effective method, and can be recommended for use in patients with breast cancer if it is supervised by health system personnel.

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Implementation of a Savvy Mobile ECG Sensor for Heart Rhythm Disorder Screening at the Primary Healthcare Level: An Observational Prospective Study

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12010055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Staša Vodička ◽

Antonija Poplas Susič ◽

Erika Zelko

Keyword(s):

Primary Healthcare ◽

Test Group ◽

Heart Rhythm ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthcare Center ◽

Jozef Stefan Institute ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stefan Institute ◽

History Of ◽

And Control

Introduction: The Jozef Stefan Institute developed a personal portable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor Savvy that works with a smartphone, and this was used in our study. This study aimed to analyze the usefulness of telecardiology at the primary healthcare level using an ECG personal sensor. Methods: We included 400 patients with a history of suspected rhythm disturbance who visited their family physician at the Healthcare Center Ljubljana and Healthcare Center Murska Sobota from October 2016 to January 2018. Results: The study found that there was no statistically significant difference between the test and control groups in the number of present rhythm disorders and actions taken to treat patients with either observation or administration of a new drug. However, in the test group, there were significantly fewer patients being referred to a cardiologist than in the control group (p < 0.001). Discussion: The use of an ECG sensor helps family physicians to distinguish between patients who need to be referred to a cardiologist and those who can be treated by them. This method is useful for both physicians and patients because it shortens the time taken to start treatment, can be used during pandemics such as COVID-19, and reduces unnecessary cost.

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133 EFFECTS OF FROZEN STORED CULTURE MEDIA ON PRE-IMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT OF PARTHENOTES AND CLONED EMBRYOS IN PIGS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv21n1ab133 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 166

Author(s):

Y. H. Zhang ◽

H. T. Xi ◽

Y. Liu ◽

J. Li ◽

A. Pederson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Polar Body ◽

Frozen Storage ◽

Test Group ◽

Total Cell ◽

Control Group ◽

Cell Numbers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

The present study was designed to examine if frozen storage of porcine zygote medium (PZM3) plus 3 mg mL–1 BSA (Yoshioka et al. 2002 Bio. Reprod. 66, 112–119) is feasible to culture pig embryos produced by parthenogenetic activation and somatic nuclear transfer. Slaughterhouse-derived sow cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in TCM199 supplemented with 10% porcine follicle fluid, 5% cattle serum, 10 IU mL–1 eCG, 5 IU mL–1 hCG, 0.8 mm L-glutamine and 0.05 mg mL–1 gentamicin at 38.5°C, 100% humidity and 5% CO2 in air. For activation, cumulus cells were removed after 42 to 44 h of maturation, and the denuded oocytes with 1st polar body were activated with a double 160 V mm–1, 100 μs direct pulse followed by culture in PZM3. Each experiment was replicated at least three times. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed by using chi-square module in SPSS 11.0, with P < 0.05 denoting significant difference. In Experiment 1, after preparation, liquid PZM3 was aliquoted to 50 mL falcon centrifuge tubes. Randomly, half of the tubes with PZM3 were put into –80°C freezers, and the rest were placed into 4°C refrigerator. Within one week after storage, a tube of frozen PZM3, while that stored at 4°C served as control, was warmed at 38.5°C in CO2 incubator, and more than three 4-well culture dishes were then made with 400 μL PZM3 in each well and balanced for at least 4 h in the incubator before experiment. The results showed that both cleavage (78/93, 83.9 ± 1.2% v. 87/103, 84.5 ± 1.8%, P > 0.05) and blastocyst (60/93, 65.2 ± 2.1% v. 65/103, 63.1 ± 3.8%, P > 0.05) rates were similar between frozen-warmed PZM3 and control, as was total cell numbers per blastocyst (50 ± 7 v. 47 ± 5, P > 0.05) between groups. In Experiment 2, we used somatic cloned embryos to investigate the effect of frozen-warmed PZM3 on pre-implantation development of such embryos. Our results indicated that no significant difference in rates of cleavage (68/95, 71.5 ± 5.1% v. 78/100, 78.1 ± 1.9%, P > 0.05), blastocyst formation (33/95, 34.6 ± 7.6% v. 78/100, 38.2 ± 3.5%, P > 0.05) and total cell numbers per blastocyst (40 ± 11 v. 48 ± 9, P > 0.05) was found between the test and control groups, designed the same as in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, we tested whether PZM3 in frozen storage for 5 months was able to support in vitro development of parthenotes comparable to freshly-made ones. PZM3 after frozen storage for 5 months was warmed using the same method as Experiment 1, and the newly made PZM3 within 1 week of storage at 4°C acted as control. The results showed that although the cleavage (135/138, 97.8 ± 2.7% v. 117/129, 90.7 ± 3.1%, P > 0.05) and blastocyst (104/138, 75.4 ± 1.6% v. 84/129, 65.1 ± 2.3, P > 0.05) rates in control group were both slightly higher than that in the test group, no statistical differences was observed. We also found no significant difference in total cell numbers per blastocyst (48 ± 7 v. 46 ± 6, P > 0.05) between groups. Taken together, our results imply that frozen storage of PZM3 is feasible, and of practical value for culture pig embryos.

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Effect of Verbal Feedback on Dribbling Skill in Basketball During The Eight Weeks Training

10.53350/pjmhs2115113349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 3349-3351

Author(s):

Ibrahim Efe Etiler ◽

Turhan Toros

Keyword(s):

Test Group ◽

Skill Learning ◽

Control Group ◽

Verbal Feedback ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Research Findings ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Purpose of this study is to examine the impact of verbal feedbacks given to the player during trainings on the basketball dribbling. The study is performed with total 40 students in two groups having similarities in terms of various factors and having education in Toros University in 2016-2017 academic year. The average age of the research group is (20.87 ± 1.61) for the test group and (20.60 ± 1.09) for the control group. Dribbling Evaluation Form, whose validity and reliability study was conducted by Çamur3 was used as data collection tool. In the data analysis, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine whether the scores show normal distribution or not. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to determine the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the groups. In the study, 0.05 was used in statistical processes as the level of significance. According to the research findings, there was a significant difference between the test group's pre-test and post-test dribbling values (p <0.05). The Mann-Whitney U Test was used to determine the differences between test and control groups. According to the research findings, a significant difference was found between the test and control groups' post-test dribbling values (p <0.05). As a result, it was observed that verbal feedback during eight weeks of training had a positive effect on dribbling. Keywords: Dribbling, Skill Learning, Basketball, Feedback, Verbal Feedback

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