What is a Portal?

2011 ◽  
pp. 1194-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Ainamo ◽  
Christian Marxt
Keyword(s):  
Search Engines ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Web Portals ◽  
Science Projects ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Web

The brief history of Web portals is beginning to be common knowledge for software and engineering designers and researchers specialized on the technologies of the Web(Berners-Lee & Fischetti, 1997). The first Web portals were a product of large government-sponsored “big science” projects in the United States and Europe that spawned private online services, such as AOL (Tuomi, 2002). These new businesses provided access to the Web for a fee. Then, in a second phase, companies such as Yahoo, Alta Vista, and Google appeared. As search engines they enabled users to find other pages on the Web. In contrast to AOL, they provided free access to all free pages to all users who had a technical connection to the Web. Now, in a third stage, many of these traditional search engines have begun their transformation into Web portals to attract and keep a larger audience (Tatnall, in this volume; Webomadia, 2006).

Seek and Ye Shall Find

2011 ◽  
pp. 740-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suely Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Distribution ◽  
Distribution Mode ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Web

This chapter proposes that search engines apply a verticalizing pressure on the WWW many-to-many information distribution model, forcing this to revert to a distributive model similar to that of the mass media. The argument for this starts with a critical descriptive examination of the history of search mechanisms for the Internet. Parallel to this there is a discussion of the increasing ties between the search engines and the advertising market. The chapter then presents questions concerning the concentration of traffic on the Web around a small number of search engines which are in the hands of an equally limited number of enterprises. This reality is accentuated by the confidence that users place in the search engine and by the ongoing acquisition of collaborative systems and smaller players by the large search engines. This scenario demonstrates the verticalizing pressure that the search engines apply to the majority of WWW users, that bring it back toward the mass distribution mode.

Introduction to Counseling Psychology and to the Current Volume

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Jairo N. Fuertes ◽  
Arnold R. Spokane ◽  
Elizabeth Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Counseling Psychology ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Web

Chapter 1 provides a formal definition of counseling psychology, citing various though similar definitions that are found on the Web sites of professional organizations, including the Society of Counseling Psychology (Division 17 of the American Psychological Association) and the American Board of Counseling Psychology (the certifying board for counseling psychologists in the United States and Canada). It also offers five unifying themes whose interplay and complementary nature distinguish counseling psychology from other psychological specialties, the uniqueness of counseling psychology, a brief history of the specialty, the culture of competence, and the founding of the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP).

Enhancing Electronic Governance in Singapore with Government Portals

2011 ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
Leo Tan Wee Hin
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Portals ◽  
The World ◽  
One Stop ◽  
The Web ◽  
Extract Information

The World Wide Web represents one of the most profound developments that has accompanied the evolution of the Internet. It is truly a global library. Information on the Web is increasing exponentially, and mechanisms to extract information from it have become an engaging field of research. While search engines have been doing an admirable job in finding information, the emergence of Web portals has also been a useful development—their distinct advantage lies in their positioning as a one-stop destination for information and services of a particular nature.

The Web of Consequences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Lorence
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Socialist Society ◽  
Social Activist ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Labor Militancy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Web

This chapter examines how Jencks' experiences after being cut loose from Mine-Mill only confirmed the worldview that had shaped his career as a social activist since his college years. Now, although he no longer had ties with the institutional party, he never gave up his commitment to the goal of creating a Socialist society in the United States. Even after he and Virginia were shaken by the brutality of the Soviets in Eastern Europe, Jencks looked to the future. However, his optimism suffered another blow in the San Francisco Bay Area, where he continued to face job discrimination rooted in his personal history of labor militancy and resistance to governmental pressures.

scholarly journals Review: The Navy’s First Enlisted Women: Patriotic Pioneers

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Kristine Stilwell
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
The First World War ◽  
War Effort ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World ◽  
Enlisted Women

That women served in every military conflict in the history of the United States is common knowledge—but that women performed duties other than nursing during the First World War may come as a surprise to some. Regina Akers, a historian with the Naval History and Heritage Command, describes the service of the more than eleven thousand women that enlisted in the Naval Costal Defense Reserve during the Great War in The Navy’s First Enlisted Women: Patriotic Pioneers. She also details the meaning of their contributions to the war effort both at home and overseas. By working as clerks, typists, stenographers, translators, cryptologists, messengers, and even designers of camouflage for ships, these women volunteers freed up men for sea duty and combat.

scholarly journals History Of Search Engines

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Seymour ◽  
Dean Frantsvog ◽  
Satheesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Search Engine Marketing ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Search Marketing ◽  
The Web

As the number of sites on the Web increased in the mid-to-late 90s, search engines started appearing to help people find information quickly. Search engines developed business models to finance their services, such as pay per click programs offered by Open Text in 1996 and then Goto.com in 1998. Goto.com later changed its name to Overture in 2001, and was purchased by Yahoo! in 2003, and now offers paid search opportunities for advertisers through Yahoo! Search Marketing. Google also began to offer advertisements on search results pages in 2000 through the Google Ad Words program. By 2007, pay-per-click programs proved to be primary money-makers for search engines. In a market dominated by Google, in 2009 Yahoo! and Microsoft announced the intention to forge an alliance. The Yahoo! & Microsoft Search Alliance eventually received approval from regulators in the US and Europe in February 2010. Search engine optimization consultants expanded their offerings to help businesses learn about and use the advertising opportunities offered by search engines, and new agencies focusing primarily upon marketing and advertising through search engines emerged. The term "Search Engine Marketing" was proposed by Danny Sullivan in 2001 to cover the spectrum of activities involved in performing SEO, managing paid listings at the search engines, submitting sites to directories, and developing online marketing strategies for businesses, organizations, and individuals. Some of the latest theoretical advances include Search Engine Marketing Management (SEMM). SEMM relates to activities including SEO but focuses on return on investment (ROI) management instead of relevant traffic building (as is the case of mainstream SEO). SEMM also integrates organic SEO, trying to achieve top ranking without using paid means of achieving top in search engines, and PayPerClick SEO. For example some of the attention is placed on the web page layout design and how content and information is displayed to the website visitor.

Supporting Online Communities with Technological Infrastructures

2011 ◽  
pp. 937-944
Author(s):  
Laura Anna Ripamonti
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bulletin Board ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Cultural Movements ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Board System ◽  
The Web

A lot of experiences with online communities (AOL, CompuServe, The WELL, Listserv and so forth) pre-date the Web, and some researchers have suggested that “the origins of online communities were very close to the counter-cultural movements and alternative ways of life emerging in the aftermath of the 1960s” (Castells, 2001, p. 53). The FreeNets movement, which emerged mainly in the United States (U.S.) and Canada in the second half of the 1980s, was basically aimed at providing citizens with free access to the Internet and providing content free from any form of control. In that framework, both Community and Civic Networks emerged, which are very nearly the same but for emphasis on the empowerment of the proximate community (Carroll & Rosson, 2003), on the “sense of community” and on the promotion of “citizens’ participation in community affairs” (Schuler, 2001). FreeNets, Community and Civic Networks also shared features such as bottom-up development and, especially at their beginning, the use of Bulletin Board System (BBS) technologies (De Cindio & Ripamonti, 2004).

Special Considerations for Evaluation and Treatment of Spanish-Speaking Patients with Cleft Palate

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Ellen Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Oral Pressure ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spanish Speaking Population

As the Spanish-speaking population in the United States continues to grow, there is increasing need for culturally competent and linguistically appropriate treatment across the field of speech-language pathology. This paper reviews information relevant to the evaluation and treatment of Spanish-speaking and Spanish-English bilingual children with a history of cleft palate. The phonetics and phonology of Spanish are reviewed and contrasted with English, with a focus on oral pressure consonants. Cultural factors and bilingualism are discussed briefly. Finally, practical strategies for evaluation and treatment are presented. Information is presented for monolingual and bilingual speech-language pathologists, both in the community and on cleft palate teams.

State-by-State Use of AMA Guides

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-7, 16
Keyword(s):  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Federal Employees ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Abstract This article presents a history of the origins and development of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), from the publication of an article titled “A Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment of the Extremities and Back” (1958) until a compendium of thirteen guides was published in book form in 1971. The most recent, sixth edition, appeared in 2008. Over time, the AMA Guides has been widely used by US states for workers’ compensation and also by the Federal Employees Compensation Act, the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act, as well as by Canadian provinces and other jurisdictions around the world. In the United States, almost twenty states have developed some form of their own impairment rating system, but some have a narrow range and scope and advise evaluators to consult the AMA Guides for a final determination of permanent disability. An evaluator's impairment evaluation report should clearly document the rater's review of prior medical and treatment records, clinical evaluation, analysis of the findings, and a discussion of how the final impairment rating was calculated. The resulting report is the rating physician's expert testimony to help adjudicate the claim. A table shows the edition of the AMA Guides used in each state and the enabling statute/code, with comments.

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