The Design and Implementation of Business Models in Metropolitan Broadband Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 196-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Alexiou ◽  
Christos Bouras ◽  
John Primpas ◽  
Dimitrios Papagiannopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Wireless Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Broadband Networks ◽  
Metropolitan Area Network ◽  
The Public ◽  
The City

This chapter presents the design principles that cover the implementation of broadband infrastructure in the region of Western Greece, by examining all the necessary parameters that arise while implementing such a critical developmental project. The broadband infrastructure that is deployed is either based on optical fiber (on big municipalities) or on wireless systems (OFDM based and WiFi cells). Furthermore, we present as two case studies all issues of the designing of the Metropolitan Area Network of Patras, the third largest city of Greece and the Wireless Access Network of Messatida. The major target of the broadband networks is to interconnect the buildings of the public sector in the city and also deploy infrastructure (fibers or wireless systems) that will create conditions of competition in providing both access and content services to the advantage of the end consumer. The usage of the broadband infrastructure by service providers will be based on the open availability of the infrastructure in a cost-effective way. Finally, we present the main characteristics of a proposed business plan that ensures financial viability of the broadband infrastructure and guarantees the administration, growth, and exploitation of infrastructure.

scholarly journals Re Thinking the Public Toilet of Dhaka City: An Adaptable Prototype Design Solution to Improve the Existing Situation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Syeda Faeza Hasan ◽  
Farjana Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hygiene Education ◽  
The City ◽  
Public Toilets

Dhaka is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world with a population of 21 million. With the constantly rising inhabitants, this urbanizing hub officially only has 122 public toilets, and in reality, most of them are not functional (Sanyal, November 05, 2016). Different studies also suggested that current situations of the public toilets in the city are unusable and unhygienic. Apart from a few good ones, most toilets have filthy floors, inadequate lighting and ventilation, and unbearable odor of human waste. Although unhygienic open defecation by men is a common scene in the city, for the woman it is not an option. While the city plans to construct a few, there still will be a huge need for public toilets to meet the demand of the vast population. It is critical to realize the challenges existing and evolving from the forbidding public hygiene situation and the lack of proper public infrastructure. Understanding the user group is crucial as modern and costly toilets end up being rejected than being used. Thus the paper tries to address the problems and suggests design strategies to achieve a feasible design solution for a sustainable public toilet that supports and empowers communal hygiene. The contribution of this paper is not only to promote a design solution but how this infrastructure can integrate with the surrounding urban context. A modular prototype is proposed which is adaptable, feasible, cost-effective, easy to erect, and can be plugged into any corner of the city. Rethinking public toilets as an adaptable prototype is not only about providing proper sanitation but also encouraging people about hygiene education, awareness, and innovation. The design is conceptualized as a prefabricated self-sustainable modular unit that can be altered, increased, or decreased as per the necessity of the surrounding area. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Economic Benefits of Smart City Initiatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Aik Wirsbinna
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Money ◽  
The City ◽  
Telecommunications Companies

Cities around the world are investing heavily in the design and implementation of Smart City Initiatives. A lot of public money goes into the smart city approach. Not only on the public side, but also for companies, smart city business models in this context are interesting. Global high-tech companies such as IBM, Cisco, SAP Research and Mitsubishi Electric work in large projects in Asia and Arabia. In Germany, there are also large telecommunications companies, mobile companies but also companies close to the city, such as energy suppliers or local IT companies with important knowledge of locality trying to enter the field. The global Corona Pandemic 2020 is accelerating this path too. Various efforts have been made to assess the results of these projects and initiatives. This study offers an analysis of the economic benefits of smart city initiatives. The main drivers and evaluation criteria will be examined to identify and to examine their potential contribution to the development of smart city. This article deals with the economic benefits of Smart City Initiatives. An attempt is made to develop and describe the most important economic benefits as categories from the literature analysis.

scholarly journals Language Provision in the Scottish Public Sector: Recommendations to Promote Inclusive Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róisín McKelvey
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
City Council ◽  
The Public ◽  
Language Support ◽  
Inclusive Practice ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The City

Public service providers in Scotland have developed language support, largely in the form of interpreting and translation, to meet the linguistic needs of those who cannot access their services in English. Five core public sector services were selected for inclusion in a research project that focused on the aforementioned language provision and related equality issues: the Scottish Courts and Tribunal Service, NHS Lothian, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, the City of Edinburgh Council and Glasgow City Council. The frameworks within which these public service providers operate—namely, the obligations derived from supranational and domestic legal and policy instruments—were analysed, as was the considerable body of standards and strategy documents that has been produced, by both national organisations and local service providers, in order to guide service delivery. Although UK equalities legislation has largely overlooked allochthonous languages and their speakers, this research found that the public service providers in question appear to regard the provision of language support as an obligation related to the Equality Act (UK Government, 2010). Many common practices related to language support were also observed across these services, in addition to shared challenges, both attitudinal and practical. A series of recommendations regarding improvements to language provision in the public sector emerged from the research findings and are highlighted in this article.

scholarly journals USE VLSM (VARIABLE LENGTH SUBNET MASKING) ANDROID BASED SIMULATOR FOR ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT NETWORK

Compiler ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimio Wahyu Aji ◽  
Hero Wintolo ◽  
Dwi Nugraheny
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Support ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Variable Length ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Ip Address ◽  
The Public ◽  
Network Administration

Administration o f networking IP addressing especially IP version 4 have a less using IP address for the limited. Through for the using by networking o f services base on TCP/IP addressing, however that can be used VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) method o f subnetting addressing thorough the public area networking to divided IP addressing private it's called as sub network ID or Local Area Network (IP private). Therefore dividing have choose a calculate IP addressing o f VLSM Method used by simulator calculating IP address subnetting. The use o f goal-based subnetting android simulator to facilitate the distribution o f IP within the network administrator by using the simulator VLSM IP subnetting calculations automatically and efficiently. An application that helps administrators in calculating VLSM subnetting IP, to support network administration so that administrators can make solving the network ID into sub-networks. IP results obtained from the simulator, can be tested with VLSM on various internet network service providers obtain a quite optimal for purposes o f network administration.

Born Again Urbanism: New Missionary Incursions, Aboriginal Resistance and Barriers to Rebuilding Relationships in Winnipeg's North End

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hugill ◽  
Owen Toews
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Urban Neighborhood ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Public Record ◽  
Born Again ◽  
The City ◽  
Youth Centre

This paper examines the controversy that emerged as the City of Winnipeg debated committing public funds to an evangelical Christian group seeking to build a youth centre in an urban neighborhood with a large Aboriginal population. It traces the emergence of a coordinated opposition to the project and demonstrates why many felt that municipal and federal support was not only inappropriate but also worked to recapitulate longstanding patterns of disregard for the needs and aspirations of Aboriginal peoples. In an era where it has become common for Canadian governments to speak of “reconciliation” we demonstrate how such ambitions continue to be impeded by pervasive logics of governance that work against genuine processes of decolonization. We argue that events in Winnipeg reveal the persistence of longstanding colonial dynamics and demonstrate how such dynamics are exacerbated by the regressive tendencies of the city's neoliberal orientation. We insist that colonial practices and mentalities not only permeate the present but also that they interact with, and are shaped by, the exigencies of actually existing political economies. Ours is an attempt to show how insights about the form and content of urban neoliberalism can be productively engaged with insights about how colonial relations have been reproduced and transformed in the contemporary moment. It is also an effort to demonstrate how such mentalities and practices are being resisted and challenged in important ways in contemporary Canada. Our observations are based on a range of interviews with local activists, politicians and service providers as well as a close reading of a range of political documents available on the public record.

On creating modern urban service spaces: ensuring the comprehensiveness and accessibility of service (Case study: public services in Mytishchi urban area)

10.12737/5550 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Харитонова ◽  
Tatyana Kharitonova ◽  
Татьяна Кривошеева ◽  
Tatiana Krivosheeva ◽  
Светлана Казакова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Information Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status

The issues of public service sector development have remained current since the sector was overhauled and reformed in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. The authors identify the following reasons for problems in the public service sector: a failure to force public service providers from the semishade sector and to provide opportunities for cost-effective operations in the newly created market. Currently, the major problems in the sphere of public service provision are largely connected with quality characteristics. Public service shapes the service space in modern urban areas, and provides adequate living conditions, which is a key criterion for quality-of-life evaluation. The authors’ working hypothesis focuses on developing a new format of public service companies’ development on the basis of complexity/integrity and maximal accessibility. The format is seen by the authors as suitable for a network of mini public amenities centers located in functionally diverse urban zones. The authors’ conclusions rest on the results of the authors’ marketing research into the status and development prospects of the public service sector in Mytishchi, Moscow Region. The essence of the concept proposed by the author is the different lines of mini public amenities center development: creating a business environment, priority-based resource allocation, cooperation in information support activities, as well as implementation mechanisms.

DuFiNet: Architectural Considerations and Physical Layer Studies of an Agile and Cost-Effective Metropolitan Area Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 808-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Uzunidis ◽  
Evangelos Kosmatos ◽  
Chris Matrakidis ◽  
Alexandros Stavdas ◽  
Andrew Lord
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Metropolitan Area Network

scholarly journals Fintech Development: The Trends and Consequences for the Financial Services Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (523) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
A. Y. Semenog ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
New Business ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Separate Product

The article is aimed at determining the consequences of digitalization and development of the fintech sector for the financial services market. According to the results of the analysis, a number of transformational trends for the financial services market are identified and characterized, among which the major ones: disintermediation in the financial services market – as a process of «cutting out» the classical financial institutions from the direct process of financial asset exchange; democratization of financial services processes – as a process of expanding the range of financial products; disaggregation of financial services – as a process of splitting financial services into separate financial products; increasing the inclusiveness of financial services, which provides better availability for different categories of customers; emergence of decentralized finances – as a concept and ecosystem of financial services, in which the provision of financial services and products is carried out directly without traditional financial intermediaries within the public open and decentralized blockchain network; development of automation and virtualization of financial services, which involves the widespread use of artificial intelligence technologies, algorithmic assessment of customer creditworthiness, autonomous risk management, automated trading on the exchange, the work of virtual assistants, robo-advisers and security systems against fraud; appearance of built-in financial products as part of services outside of the applications of financial institutions. The consequence of these trends is a reduction in the demand for financial services as a separate product of classical financial institutions; reducing the profits of traditional financial service providers; expansion of new business models of financial services provision in cooperation with technology companies; increasing the need to update the regulatory support of financial services processes, as well as the integration of mass financial products into the client offers of non-financial companies within a single ecosystem of products and services of a digital company.

scholarly journals Seamless LTE Wi-Fi Architecture for LTE with Efficient UE Authentication

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Mobile Users ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Metropolitan Area Network ◽  
Zone Control

Due to heavy demand of data uses and exponential increase in mobile users mobile network is suffering from heavy traffic overload in the metropolitan area network. Therefore, due to congestion as well as network overload mobile users are experiencing coverage issues such as latency, network access and very low throughput. At present network operators are actually capping data usages and throttling in speed of connection have very negative impact on satisfaction of mobile users. In such a scenario alternate solutions are expected like access point (AP) based network can be used as a complementary network. In this paper we have proposed a seamless LTE-Wi-Fi architecture by using packet gateway in LTE and Wi-Fi for maintaining the seamless connectivity for users and Wi-Fi is used as a complementary network over LTE. This proposed architecture has ANQP-DS (Access network query protocol Data Server) and AZC (Access Zone Control) are two main components to Wi-Fi network for balancing and controlling the load of User equipment’s (UE) in between access points (AP). It can used as one of the mechanism in the LTE and Wi-Fi Integration Process.

External Defences

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-349
Author(s):  
Stavroula Karapapa
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Online Services ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Abuse Of Dominant Position ◽  
Legal Grounds

Some defences are available on grounds that are extraneous to copyright and are based either on other bodies of law, such as competition law or e-commerce protection, or on general legal principles. These include, for instance, defences available to Internet service providers for infringements carried out by their users, including defences for hosting, caching, and ‘mere conduit’. Others are available on the grounds of competition law, such as refusal to license or abuse of dominant position, which could have a legal basis of application—inter alia—in certain mass digital activities of online services. Other available defences fall under general legal principles that can be invoked in cases where copyright exceptions do not cover an activity for which there is a principle-based justification for the particular conduct. Such a justification could be the public interest or the doctrine of the ‘abuse of right’. There are also a number of uses that can be permitted on grounds of benign infringement on the basis of the ‘innocuous use’ doctrine. Unlike other defences to copyright, these defensive rules represent instances where copyright may be subject to limitations as a result of its encounter with other legal orders. Such instances have either not been institutionalized within copyright law, such as speech entitlements or public policy privileges, or may have been partially included within it while offering principle-based explanations for acts of copyright infringement on the basis of legal grounds found in other areas of law or broader legal principles. These defences are an essential component to the understanding of the scope of permissible copyright use on the Internet as they can be extremely relevant in cases which involve online services and business models, such as hosting services, and online content use more broadly.

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