scholarly journals Re Thinking the Public Toilet of Dhaka City: An Adaptable Prototype Design Solution to Improve the Existing Situation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Syeda Faeza Hasan ◽  
Farjana Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hygiene Education ◽  
The City ◽  
Public Toilets

Dhaka is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world with a population of 21 million. With the constantly rising inhabitants, this urbanizing hub officially only has 122 public toilets, and in reality, most of them are not functional (Sanyal, November 05, 2016). Different studies also suggested that current situations of the public toilets in the city are unusable and unhygienic. Apart from a few good ones, most toilets have filthy floors, inadequate lighting and ventilation, and unbearable odor of human waste. Although unhygienic open defecation by men is a common scene in the city, for the woman it is not an option. While the city plans to construct a few, there still will be a huge need for public toilets to meet the demand of the vast population. It is critical to realize the challenges existing and evolving from the forbidding public hygiene situation and the lack of proper public infrastructure. Understanding the user group is crucial as modern and costly toilets end up being rejected than being used. Thus the paper tries to address the problems and suggests design strategies to achieve a feasible design solution for a sustainable public toilet that supports and empowers communal hygiene. The contribution of this paper is not only to promote a design solution but how this infrastructure can integrate with the surrounding urban context. A modular prototype is proposed which is adaptable, feasible, cost-effective, easy to erect, and can be plugged into any corner of the city. Rethinking public toilets as an adaptable prototype is not only about providing proper sanitation but also encouraging people about hygiene education, awareness, and innovation. The design is conceptualized as a prefabricated self-sustainable modular unit that can be altered, increased, or decreased as per the necessity of the surrounding area. 

scholarly journals Post-pandemic scenarios and design strategies for public spaces transformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Galluzo ◽  
Ambra Borin
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Collective Interest ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Urban Transformations

Almost two years later of a pandemic condition, one thing is sure: the pandemic will change permanently the world and its systems. Nowadays, the reflection on public space is crucial within a more sustainable and inclusive development at urban scale, amplified also by the ongoing experience of the pandemic that still presents. Public space is a real opportunity to test new urban and social models, thus becoming a principal catalyst for positive changes in the entire urban context. It is therefore necessary to re-establish a relationship between the public space and its inhabitants, providing a system of proximity by highlighting the human and non-human dimensions and consequently connecting services, relationships, and opportunities. Acting in public space is the first step in the development of innovative urban transformations, generated by collaborative phenomena working in the collective interest. The use of participatory practices within the design processes favors the reconnection between people and territory, generating a shared sense of belonging that leads to taking care of one's own places. The reversibility of the intervention and its adaptability are key characteristics that allow experimenting with new ways of experiencing public spaces and responding to unforeseen experiences, thus accommodating the inevitable changes in society. This scientific contribution aims to set forward distinctive points of view on the planning strategies implemented in the pandemic and post-pandemic period to achieve intelligent transformations on a small and large urban scale with an impact from short to long-term; hence shaping the future cities.

scholarly journals ENSAIO: Rio de Janeiro paradigma da beleza e do caos

Revista Prumo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Janot
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
The City

Throughout history, cities have incorporated into their urban context a significant influence of migratory currents. Among Brazilian cities, Rio best reflected racial and cultural miscegenation in welcoming foreign migrants from other states in search of work. The lack of working-class resources led her to occupy hills, river banks, and other vacant areas of the city to raise her dwelling. Living in communities without urbanization and basic sanitation reveals the contempt of the public power towards the poorest sections of the population. This article aims to reflect on this and other issues related to urban development in Rio to level the quality of life in the city.

scholarly journals Complex Modernization of Public Infrastructure and Hospitality as a Factor in the Sustainable Development of the City in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Maryna Melnykova ◽  
Yеlyzaveta Gradoboіeva ◽  
Tetiana Mirzodaieva ◽  
Nadiia Ragulina
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
The City

The sustainable development of the city involves the solving of economic, environmental and social problems through the modernization of various spheres of the urban economy. The modernization of related and interrelated spheres of the city’s economy should be based on an integrated approach. The hospitality and public infrastructure are such spheres. Their relationship is due to both technical and technological features and the possibilities of achieving the goals of sustainable development of the city (the hospitality sector contributes to the growth of openness of the city and the life support and environmental sustainability of the city directly depends on the state and development of public infrastructure). The priorities of the modernization of public infrastructure and hospitality for sustainable development of the city have been determined. The condition of the public infrastructure and hospitality in cities of Ukraine was analyzed from the point of view of modernization for sustainable development. The experience of modernization of public infrastructure and hospitality in sustainable European cities (including improving energy efficiency, strengthening environmental safety, creating a barrier-free environment) has been studied. The technical, technological, financial and institutional features that determine the feasibility of modernizing the public infrastructure and hospitality based on the principles of an integrated approach have been determined. The recommendations of the mechanism of public-private partnership using in the implementation of projects for the modernization of public utilities infrastructure and hospitality of the city have been developed. The decision-making tools for managing resources have been proposed for the justification and implementation of a project to modernize public infrastructure and hospitality based on a comprehensive approach.  Key Words: city, sustainable development, public infrastructure, hospitality, modernization, integrated approach.

scholarly journals The Association between Ground Floor Features and Public Open Space Face-To-Face Interactions: Evidence from Nantou Village, Shenzhen

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirna Zordan ◽  
Gianni Talamini ◽  
Caterina Villani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
The City

With face-to-face interaction proving beneficial for mental health, there is still a paucity of research on the correlation between ground floor features (GFFs), defined here as the features of the ground floor of buildings overlooking a street, and public open space face-to-face interaction density (POSFTFID), defined as the density of human face-to-face interactions in the public open space (POS) adjacent to each building. Is there a correlation between GFFs and POSFTFID? This study aims to answer this question gaining empirical evidence from a Chinese village in the city (ViC). Behavioural mapping and statistical analysis were employed and the following GFFs were tested: Ground floor area, indoor visible space, presence of stairs, POS adjacent area, and land use. Results show an association between POSFTFID and: (1) The area of the POS adjacent to each building, (2) the degree of visibility (ratio of indoor visible space to total internal space) of the ground floor, (3) the presence of stairs. Moreover, food appears to be an important attribute fostering social interaction. Results can provide insights on future implications in urban design strategies and planning policies aiming at enhancing mental health conditions in contemporary cities.

Learning from Our Tampines Hub: Co-Generative Hubs for Urbanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-98
Author(s):  
Chee Huang Seah ◽  
Shawn Eng Kiong Teo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
The Social ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
The City ◽  
Community Space

Within the past three years, the Singapore government has completed three integrated community hubs around the island. In tandem with the state's decentralization plan of 1991, such large-scale communal architecture plays a significant role in rejuvenating the heartlands and fostering a sense of place as towns mature. These nodal developments leverage on its urban context and programmatic offerings in a bid to generate a sustainable hub ecology for the city. Integrating various national and community stakeholders within a single development might seem like a literal trope for a whole-of-government approach to co-locate, co-share and collaborate. Through Our Tampines Hub, we examine the complexities of Singapore's first integrated hub. While validating the post-occupancy performance of the development, we also re flect and analyse specific design strategies and processes that aid in the social production of this mega community space. Through the theoretical underpinnings of largescale communal architecture as social condensers, this paper seeks to investigate the role and productive potential of this emerging shared urban model of integrated communal architecture in Singapore. It examines not only economic value in the land and space optimization harnessed, but also the new designs produced in the governance framework, closed-loop environmental outcomes and social impetus.

The Design and Implementation of Business Models in Metropolitan Broadband Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 196-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Alexiou ◽  
Christos Bouras ◽  
John Primpas ◽  
Dimitrios Papagiannopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Wireless Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Broadband Networks ◽  
Metropolitan Area Network ◽  
The Public ◽  
The City

This chapter presents the design principles that cover the implementation of broadband infrastructure in the region of Western Greece, by examining all the necessary parameters that arise while implementing such a critical developmental project. The broadband infrastructure that is deployed is either based on optical fiber (on big municipalities) or on wireless systems (OFDM based and WiFi cells). Furthermore, we present as two case studies all issues of the designing of the Metropolitan Area Network of Patras, the third largest city of Greece and the Wireless Access Network of Messatida. The major target of the broadband networks is to interconnect the buildings of the public sector in the city and also deploy infrastructure (fibers or wireless systems) that will create conditions of competition in providing both access and content services to the advantage of the end consumer. The usage of the broadband infrastructure by service providers will be based on the open availability of the infrastructure in a cost-effective way. Finally, we present the main characteristics of a proposed business plan that ensures financial viability of the broadband infrastructure and guarantees the administration, growth, and exploitation of infrastructure.

scholarly journals Sustainable Street Furniture

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Erfaneh Allameh ◽  
Mohammadali Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Responsible Behavior ◽  
Urban Intervention ◽  
Great Responsibility ◽  
Street Furniture ◽  
The City ◽  
Creative Construction

Street furniture are installed in different locations of a city, are daily used by a large public, and have the closest contact and most dynamic interaction with people and the environment. Hence, they have a great responsibility to benefit the society and urban development. In this paper, we focus on street furniture for adopting the concept of sustainability through the local cities.This paper presents an experiment which is conducted at Art University of Isfahan (AUI) in order to explore the promises and challenges of designing for deep sustainability within different contexts of the city (Isfahan). The main objective of the experiment is to develop design interventions which affect and guide the community toward sustainability. Specifically students are asked to design street furniture or define an urban intervention which is not neutral but improves sustainability within the context. Finally, the proposed design interventions are evaluated based on their level of success for establishing sustainability. Final results indicate that although a common approach was applied for all the projects in in this experiment, the developed design interventions are not equally contributed to sustainability. While some of the projects only focused on eco-design strategies, some projects succeeded to provide a higher level of sustainability within their context and developed more influential and longer-term sustainable design interventions. It is achieved by the projects that conducted behavioral, social and contextual analysis in order to enhance environmental responsible behavior among the public (e.g. raise public awareness of sustainability, sensate or educate people, or support sustainable behavior). This paper is the extended version of the paper that has been published in the proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2018 (Allameh and Heidari, 2018).

scholarly journals Design for the cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
New Process ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Design for the Cycle investigates, evaluates, and aligns contemporary ideas to propose a system for the design of fabric buildings that respond to social and cultural changes through the manipulation of form and materiality over time. In doing so, a building’s continued relevancy over time allows a project to reduce its need for embodied energy associated with demolition and repurposing due to premature obsolescence. This can be done through communities driving co-ownership development and tractable design strategies, enriched by the study of existing buildings that have evaded demolition and successfully been repurposed. These elements are brought together to establish a set of guidelines for designing the life-cycle of fabric buildings within an urban context. Using the guidelines, the following thesis proposes a new process for designing and constructing fabric buildings woven into the city with a foundation of resiliency and values reflecting the importance of our earth’s finite resources.

scholarly journals Concrete Island: Lost Sites and Hidden Heritage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zackary Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
The Public ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City

<p>In cities like Auckland, suburban sprawl has led to the introduction of extensive elevated motorways that create barriers and cuts across the ordering elements of the city. Urban planner Roger Trancik refers to the areas beneath and adjacent to these urban motorways as “lost sites”, considered ‘unbuildable’ even though they occur within the central business district. This research investigation looks at how architecture can help return a sense of place identity and cultural significance to otherwise placeless zones defined by elevated urban motorways.  The central Auckland site for this design-led research is the Central Motorway Junction (CMJ), commonly referred to as ‘spaghetti junction’ — a site physically and environmentally inappropriate for housing development, but large and high profile enough to contribute significantly to Auckland’s ‘cultural hub’.  The proposed programme for this investigation is a new facility to house Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa’s stored collections. Arguably New Zealand’s most valuable cultural holdings, only 3% of Te Papa Tongarewa’s collections are on display at any time. The rest of the museum’s stored collections are completely hidden from public view within its back of house facilities and warehouse structures in Wellington.  Due to Wellington’s location on major fault lines, studies are underway to permanently move the stored collections to Auckland, where they will remain removed from the public eye. This design-led research investigation proposes that once these collections are relocated to Auckland, if they are made visually accessible to the public, they could provide a vital extension of the cultural hub for the city centre.  The investigation proposes to architecturally inhabit one of Auckland’s most prominent lost sites, the Central Motorway Junction, in a way that celebrates its iconic elevated motorway as a viable urban context capable of actively contributing to urban re-vitalisation and cultural consolidation.  The thesis investigation examines the city’s motorway infrastructure as a framework for a new typology for architecture that actively uses the ‘motorway typology’ to establish architectural and place identity. Simultaneously the investigation explores how expansive elevated motorway sites can provide significant footprints for new public buildings to enhance the cultural identity of the urban centre.</p>

scholarly journals Humanising Te Papa: Transforming what Te Papa does to the public life of the city

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Paige Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
New Public ◽  
Challenging Situation ◽  
The City ◽  
Large Building

<p>When a large public building is constructed within any landscape it is often found to create adverse affects on the public life surrounding it. This investigation focuses on Te Papa in Wellington, New Zealand. It employs design strategies that emerge from site observation, analysis and exploration of design and behaviour literature. Site observations are undertaken at various scales to determine the behaviours that occur in and around the site, and analysis of this provides an understanding of why such actions can happen and why others cannot. Exploration of the literature is employed to understand past approaches to this design problem and to inform the analysis process. Design testing allows ideas to be played out in hypothetical scenarios and the outcomes of which will be compared to past approaches.  There is a strong focus on pedestrian movement as a catalyst of public life, in relation to the movement itself and the interactions people have with the surrounding environment when influenced by the movement flow. The overall goal of this thesis is to observe and analyse a large building in the public realm that, although is surrounded by movement, limits engagement in ways that results in a decrease of public life. The research leads to the exploration of how flows can be coordinated to generate eddies of interaction and pause and ways to activate and open up particular edges of this building in order to create new opportunities for the public to engage with the landscape. It finally attempts to find ways to not only create new public life, but also intensify the public life in this challenging situation.</p>

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