Representing Classes of Things and Properties in General in Conceptual Modelling

2012 ◽  
pp. 103-130
Author(s):  
Graeme G. Shanks ◽  
Daniel Moody ◽  
Jasmina Nuredini ◽  
Daniel Tobin ◽  
Ron Weber
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Conceptual Modelling ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Role Modelling ◽  
Entity Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Behaviours ◽  
Ontological Theory ◽  
Made In

How classes of things and properties in general should be represented in conceptual models is a fundamental issue. For example, proponents of object-role modelling argue that no distinction should be made between the two constructs, whereas proponents of entity-relationship modelling argue the distinction is important but provide ambiguous guidelines about how the distinction should be made. In this paper, the authors use ontological theory and cognition theory to provide guidelines about how classification should be represented in conceptual models. The authors experimented to test whether clearly distinguishing between classes of things and properties in general enabled users of conceptual models to better understand a domain. They describe a cognitive processing study that examined whether clearly distinguishing between classes of things and properties in general impacts the cognitive behaviours of the users. The results support the use of ontologically sound representations of classes of things and properties in conceptual modelling.

Representing Classes of Things and Properties in General in Conceptual Modelling

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Shanks ◽  
Daniel Moody ◽  
Jasmina Nuredini ◽  
Daniel Tobin ◽  
Ron Weber
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Conceptual Modelling ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Role Modelling ◽  
Entity Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Behaviours ◽  
Ontological Theory ◽  
Made In

How classes of things and properties in general should be represented in conceptual models is a fundamental issue. For example, proponents of object-role modelling argue that no distinction should be made between the two constructs, whereas proponents of entity-relationship modelling argue the distinction is important but provide ambiguous guidelines about how the distinction should be made. In this paper, the authors use ontological theory and cognition theory to provide guidelines about how classification should be represented in conceptual models. The authors experimented to test whether clearly distinguishing between classes of things and properties in general enabled users of conceptual models to better understand a domain. They describe a cognitive processing study that examined whether clearly distinguishing between classes of things and properties in general impacts the cognitive behaviours of the users. The results support the use of ontologically sound representations of classes of things and properties in conceptual modelling.

Some Reflections on Hannibal's Pass

1956 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Walbank
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Central Question ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Few historical problems have produced more unprofitable discussion than that of Hannibal's pass over the Alps. But if there is still no clear answer, some headway had at least been made in defining the question—which is half the battle. Kahrstedt put the matter as succinctly as anyone. ‘Mit Topographie ist nicht zum Ziele zu kommen, weisse Felsen and tiefe Schluchten, Flusstäler und steile Abhänge gibt es uberall. Das Problem ist literarhistorisch, nicht topographisch.’ Hence a feeling of dismay at finding the question reopened without, apparently, any realization of what sort of question it is. For in fact Sir Gavin de Beer's forthright and attractive little book, despite its ingenious attempt to introduce new kinds of evidence, never comes to grips with the fundamental issue—the relationship between Polybius' account and Livy's. This central question is dismissed with a fatal facility : ‘each account complements and supplies what was missing from the other ‘(p. 33). If one is to get anywhere with this problem one must treat it more seriously than that; and it may therefore perhaps be worth while, yet again, to reconsider the evidence and to indicate the limits within which the answer is to be sought (without any guarantee that it will necessarily be found). Such a survey can offer none of the ‘certainties’ or the excitement to be found in Alps and Elephants; it will propose no novelties; and if it is not to become unreadable, it had better avoid all but the most obvious and necessary references to a fantastically inflated modern literature.

Intention Driven Conceptual Modelling

2011 ◽  
pp. 16-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Rolland
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Conceptual Modelling ◽  
Strategy Maps ◽  
The World ◽  
Guide System

Conceptual modelling aims to capture the relevant aspects of the world on which it is necessary to provide information. Whereas conceptual models succeeded in telling us how to represent some excerpt of the world in informational terms, they failed to guide system analysts in conceptualising purposeful systems, i.e. systems that meet the expectations of their users. This chapter aims to investigate the issue of conceptualising purposeful systems and to discuss the role that goal driven approaches can play to resolve it. It considers the challenge of new systems having a multifaceted purpose and shows how intention/strategy maps help facing this challenge.

Evaluating Conceptual Modeling Practices

2011 ◽  
pp. 28-55
Author(s):  
Graeme Shanks ◽  
Jasmina Nuredini ◽  
Ron Weber
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Real World ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Conceptual Modelling ◽  
End User ◽  
Modeling Practices ◽  
Ontological Theory

This chapter examines how ontological theory can be used to predict how alternative conceptual modelling representations affect end-user understanding of these representations. Specifically, it examines how ontological theory can be used to show how part-whole relations (composites) and things and properties can be best represented to enhance understanding of these real-world phenomena. We report the outcomes of two experiments that provide evidence to support the ontologically sound representation of part-whole relations and things and properties. We also discuss the outcomes of a cognitive process tracing study that explains why the ontologically sound representation of things and properties is more easily understood. In essence, our empirical research provides evidence to support the use of ontology as a theoretical basis to guide conceptual modelling practices.

What Saunders and van Brakel chose to ignore in color and cognition research

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Jameson
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Color Science ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Made In

Saunders & van Brakel set out to review color science research and to topple the belief that color-vision neurophysiology sets strong deterministic constraints on the cognitive processing of color. Although their skeptism and mission are worthwhile, they fail to give proper treatment to (1) findings that dramatically support some positions they aim to tear down, (2) existing research that anticipates criticisms presented in their target article, and (3) the progress made in the area toward understanding the phenomenon. At the very minimum these oversights weaken the credibility of their arguments and leave the reader to wonder why their discussion ignores what is clearly omitted.

Computer-aided translation as a distributed cognitive task

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Dragsted
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Memory ◽  
System A ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The present article examines the potential effects on the translation process of working interactively with a translation memory (TM) system, a tool for storing and sharing previous translations. A TM system automatically divides the source text into sentences presented to the translator one-by-one. Based on observations made in an empirical study of six professional translators and six translation students, it is argued that full sentences do not constitute a central cognitive processing category in translation, and that the sentence-by-sentence presentation inherent in TM systems therefore creates an unnaturally strong focus on the sentence, which affects the very task of translation (as well as the translation product). Particular attention is given to the impact of the use of TM systems on the informants’ revision behaviour and their tendency to change the sentence structure.

scholarly journals Is cultural logic an appropriate concept? A semiotic perspective on the study of culture and logic

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-464
Author(s):  
Sadeq Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Cultural Logic ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Semiotic Perspective ◽  
Made In

It is argued that (a) the question of ‘cultural logic’ is a valid inquiry for disciplines seeking to comprehend and compare mental processes across cultures, and (b) semiotics, as the science of studying signs and signification, is an appropriate means of approaching the question of cultural logic. It is suggested that a shift needs to be made in studying reasoning across cultures from the traditional value-oriented methods of judgment to a meaningoriented assessment. Traditional methods of cross-cultural comparison are suggested to be flawed in their attempt to develop a psychological account of why different cultural societies can draw different conclusions from ‘similar’ data, because they typically do not take into account the culturally-specific processes of ‘meaning’ and semiosis. These processes, it is argued, cause input data to develop differentially from one semiotic context to another. In other words, before reaching the cognitive processing level data is already shaped by the semiotic context, thus what is processed cognitively by two individuals in two cultural/semiotic contexts is no longer ‘the same.’ A semiotically conceived notion of cultural logic is therefore a crucial factor in any cross-cultural study of cognitive and psychological systems.

scholarly journals Comparison of Key Entities Within Bibliographic Conceptual Models and Implementations: Definitions, Evolution, and Relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Michele Seikel ◽  
Thomas Steele
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Bibliographic Record ◽  
Entity Relationship Model ◽  
Library Associations ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
Entity Relationship

With the introduction of FRBR (Functional Requirements of a Bibliographic Record) in 1998, IFLA (the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutes) introduced a new conceptual entity relationship model. FRBR was soon followed by FRAD (Functional Requirements of Authority Data) and FRSAD (Functional Requirements of Subject Authority Data). With LRM (IFLA Library Reference Model) and two descriptive standards, the RDA Toolkit and BIBFRAME to follow, it helps catalogers to have a greater understanding of the entity relationship models they use for bibliographic description. The authors compare the models and descriptive standards. Differences among the entities, their definitions, and properties are examined and analyzed.

scholarly journals Zoopoética y codigofagia en dos fábulas de Esopo en náhuatl. Alejandro Viveros

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
Alejandro Viveros
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Cultural Translation ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Made In

RESUMEN: Este texto busca desplegar dos modelos conceptuales, la zoopoética y la codigofagia, en las traducciones en náhuatl de las fábulas de Esopo realizadas en el México colonial. Abordaremos este asunto en tres secciones correlativas. La primera contextualiza el sentido de ambos conceptos como perspectivas de interpretación. La segunda refiere a la figura de Esopo y su recepción en el México colonial, especialmente en el Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco. La tercera sección desarrolla un enfoque comparativo y hermenéutico que analiza la traducción cultural en dos fábulas de Esopo en náhuatl: “El coyote y el león” (“Coyotl yuan tequani miztli”) y “La hormiga y la huilota” (“Azcatl ihuan huilotl”). Ulteriormente, buscamos reconocer en la zoopoética y la codigofagia dos perspectivas útiles para la interpretación de las traducciones de Esopo al náhuatl, no solamente como evidencia de la interacción entre horizontes culturales, sino que como ejemplo de la creación de uno nuevo, acuñado por los propios indígenas.   ABSTRACT: This paper focuses on two conceptual models, zoopoetics and codiphagia, in the translations of Aesop's fables made in colonial Mexico. I will address this issue in three correlative sections. The first contextualizes the meaning of both concepts as perspectives of interpretation. The second refers to the figure of Aesop and his reception in colonial Mexico, especially at the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco. The third section develops a comparative and hermeneutical approach that analyzes the cultural translation in two of Aesop's fables: “The Coyote and the Lion” (“Coyotl yuan tequani miztli”) and “The Ant and the Huilota” (“Azcatl ihuan huilotl”). I seek to recognize, in zoopoetics and codiphagia, two useful conceptual models for the interpretation of these Aesop's translations into Nahuatl, not only as evidence of the interaction between cultural horizons but as an example of the creation of a new one, built by the Indigenous people themselves.

scholarly journals IBN SĪNĀ’S APPROACH TO EQUALITY AND UNITY

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Rahman ◽  
Johan Georg Granström ◽  
Zaynab Salloum
Keyword(s):  
Type Theory ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Singular Terms ◽  
Constructive Type Theory ◽  
Metaphysical Theory ◽  
Constructive Type ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Ontological Theory ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

AbstractAristotle did not develop the quantification of the predicate, but, as shown in a recent paper by Hasnawi, Ibn Sīnā did. In fact, assuming the Aristotelian subject-predicate structure, Ibn Sīnā qualifies those propositions that carry a quantified predicate as deviating (muḥarrafa) propositions. A consequence of Ibn Sīnā’s approach is that the second quantification is absorbed by the predicate term. The clear differentiation between a quantified subject, that settles the domain of quantification, and a predicative part, that builds a proposition over this domain, corresponds structurally to the distinction, made in constructive type theory, between the type of sets and the type of propositions.Neither did Aristotle combine his logical analysis of quantification with his ontological theory of relations or equality. But Ibn Sīnā makes use of syllogisms that require a logic of equality, and considered cases where quantification combines via equality with singular terms. Moreover these reflections provide the basis for his theory of numbers that is based on the interplay between the One and the Many. If we combine Ibn Sīnā’s metaphysical theory of equality with his work on the quantification of the predicate, a logic of equality comes out naturally. Indeed, the interaction between quantification of the predicate and equality can be applied to Ibn Sīnā’s own examples of syllogisms involving these notions. By using the formal instruments provided Martin-Löf's constructive type theory, the present paper establishes links between Ibn Sīnā’s metaphysics and his logical work: links that have been discussed in relation to other topics by Thom and Street. Ibn Sīnā did not develop a logic of identity, but he did develop the conceptual means to do so.

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