scholarly journals Zoopoética y codigofagia en dos fábulas de Esopo en náhuatl. Alejandro Viveros

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
Alejandro Viveros
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Cultural Translation ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Made In

RESUMEN: Este texto busca desplegar dos modelos conceptuales, la zoopoética y la codigofagia, en las traducciones en náhuatl de las fábulas de Esopo realizadas en el México colonial. Abordaremos este asunto en tres secciones correlativas. La primera contextualiza el sentido de ambos conceptos como perspectivas de interpretación. La segunda refiere a la figura de Esopo y su recepción en el México colonial, especialmente en el Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco. La tercera sección desarrolla un enfoque comparativo y hermenéutico que analiza la traducción cultural en dos fábulas de Esopo en náhuatl: “El coyote y el león” (“Coyotl yuan tequani miztli”) y “La hormiga y la huilota” (“Azcatl ihuan huilotl”). Ulteriormente, buscamos reconocer en la zoopoética y la codigofagia dos perspectivas útiles para la interpretación de las traducciones de Esopo al náhuatl, no solamente como evidencia de la interacción entre horizontes culturales, sino que como ejemplo de la creación de uno nuevo, acuñado por los propios indígenas.   ABSTRACT: This paper focuses on two conceptual models, zoopoetics and codiphagia, in the translations of Aesop's fables made in colonial Mexico. I will address this issue in three correlative sections. The first contextualizes the meaning of both concepts as perspectives of interpretation. The second refers to the figure of Aesop and his reception in colonial Mexico, especially at the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco. The third section develops a comparative and hermeneutical approach that analyzes the cultural translation in two of Aesop's fables: “The Coyote and the Lion” (“Coyotl yuan tequani miztli”) and “The Ant and the Huilota” (“Azcatl ihuan huilotl”). I seek to recognize, in zoopoetics and codiphagia, two useful conceptual models for the interpretation of these Aesop's translations into Nahuatl, not only as evidence of the interaction between cultural horizons but as an example of the creation of a new one, built by the Indigenous people themselves.

scholarly journals Emergence: Distracting Notions and How to Get It Right

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Vesterby
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Atoms And Molecules ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Material Organization ◽  
Made In

Ever since George Henry Lewes coined the term emergence, various notions have been associated with emergence that have little or nothing to do with emergence itself. These notions distract from the understanding of emergence to such a degree that very little progress was made in over a century of discussion. Emergence is the coming into existence of patterns-of-material-organization as a consequence of motion. The process of emergence plays major roles in the universe, such as the creation of the hierarchic organization of the material universe from quarks, atoms, and molecules to planets, solar systems, and galaxies. Typical discussions about emergence in the literature are about the distracting notions and not actually about emergence itself. This essay has three primary parts. First is discussion of the intrinsic nature of emergence. The second part explains why the distracting notions are not really about emergence. The third part gives an introduction to methods that can provide understanding of the process of emergence.

scholarly journals La notion de tiers-espace et la traduction juridique : quelle articulation ?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete Flöter-Durr ◽  
Paulina Nowak-Korcz
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Third Space ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Translation ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
The Third ◽  
Homi Bhabha ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
The Creation

Abstract In recent years, we have noticed in many research areas a growing interest in the translation paradigm. In this article we discuss the theory of “cultural translation”, developed by Homi Bhabha in the context of postcolonial studies, and his concept of “Third Space” (2007). This theory aims to describe the different processes at play in the creation of identity within a space in which several cultures coexist. According to Bhabha, “the Third Space, though unrepresentable in itself, constitutes the discursive conditions of enunciation that ensure that the meaning and symbols of culture have no primordial unity or fixity; even the same signs can be appropriated, translated, rehistorised and read anew”. In this article, we aim to examine to what extent this theory can be applied to translation, especially to legal translation. The concepts of “Third Space” and hybridity developed by Bhabha undoubtedly have a certain appeal for the translator. However, from the methodological point of view other approaches seem to allow for a better understanding of the translation aspects raised by Bhabha in his theory. We therefore provide an interesting analysis of the “Third Space” based on the concept of interval by Cassin (Éloge de la traduction. Compliquer l’universel, Fayard, Paris, 2016), which is defined as a complex zone of interactions and interferences. This analysis is completed by examining the concept of frontiers by Moréteau (Revue internationale de droit comparé 4(61):695–713, 2009. DOI: 10.3406/ridc.2009.19911) which is implicitly present in the concept of interval. In order to analyse the concept of hybridity, the methodological framework of transdifference developed by Srubar (Kultur und Semantik, VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, 2009) can also be used.

scholarly journals Revision of Yugas and Yuga-Constants in Indian Astronomy

1987 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
K.V. Sarma
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The Third ◽  
Indian Astronomy ◽  
The Creation ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Made In

Among the historians of Indian astronomy, John Bentley seems to be first to stress, nearly two hundred years ago, that yuga and kalpa, which form the basic time-divisions used for traditional astronomical computations in India, are not historical but astronomically interpolated. Bentley says that a division of time simply into the four yugas, viz. Krta, Tretā, Dwāpara and Kali, was introduced in 204 B.C. “It appears,” as Bentley surmises, “that at, or about this period (204 B.C.), improvements were made in astronomy; new and more accurate tables of the planetary motions and positions were found, and equations introduced. Beside these improvements, the Hindu history was divided into periods, for chronological purposes....The period immediately preceding the inventor was called the first, or Kali yuga; the secojid or next, was called the Dwāpara Yuga; the third was called the Tretā Yuga; and the fourth, or furthest back from the author, was called Kṛta Yuga and with which the creation began. The end of the first period, called Kali was fixed by a conjunction of the Sun, Moon and Jupiter, in the beginning of Cancer, on the 26th June 299 B.C. This was called the Satya Yuga, or true conjunction, and is the radical point from which the calculation proceeds” (Bentley 1823, p.61-62).

Native Americans and the Third World Strike at UC Berkeley

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
LaNada War Jack
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Third World ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The University

The author reflects on her personal experience as a Native American at UC Berkeley in the 1960s as well as on her activism and important leadership roles in the 1969 Third World Liberation Front student strike, which had as its goal the creation of an interdisciplinary Third World College at the university.

KERCH STRAIT IN KAMYSH-BURUN SPIT AREA: HIGH-RESOLUTION SEISMOACOUSTIC APPROACH

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Зинько ◽  
V. Zin'ko ◽  
А. Зверев ◽  
A. Zverev ◽  
М. Федин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Fracture Zone ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
The West ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Kerch Strait ◽  
Made In

The seismoacoustical investigations was made in the western part of the Kerch strait (Azov sea) near Kamysh-Burun spit. The fracture zone with dislocated sedimentary rocks layers and buried erosional surface was revealed to the west of spit. Three seismofacial units was revealed to the east of spit. The first unit was modern sedimentary cover. The second ones has cross-bedding features and was, probably, the part of early generation of Kamysh-Burun spit, which lied to the east of its modern position. The lower border of the second unit is the erosional surface supposed of phanagorian age. The third unit is screened by acoustic shedows in large part.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Goldschmidt ◽  
Barbara Graziosi
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Site ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
The Third ◽  
Religious Significance ◽  
Classical Poetry ◽  
Life Of The Mind ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Made In

The Introduction sheds light on the reception of classical poetry by focusing on the materiality of the poets’ bodies and their tombs. It outlines four sets of issues, or commonplaces, that govern the organization of the entire volume. The first concerns the opposition between literature and material culture, the life of the mind vs the apprehensions of the body—which fails to acknowledge that poetry emerges from and is attended to by the mortal body. The second concerns the religious significance of the tomb and its location in a mythical landscape which is shaped, in part, by poetry. The third investigates the literary graveyard as a place where poets’ bodies and poetic corpora are collected. Finally, the alleged ‘tomb of Virgil’ provides a specific site where the major claims made in this volume can be most easily be tested.

The Hydraulic Operation of Lathes for the Production of Shells

1944 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-86
Author(s):  
W. Littlejohn Philip
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Hydraulic Power ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hydraulic Machine ◽  
Hydraulic Machinery ◽  
Simple Machines ◽  
High Level ◽  
Shell Production ◽  
Hydraulic Operation ◽  
Made In

The paper is limited to the application of hydraulic power to lathes designed for shell making although, in the author's opinion, there is an immense field for the application of the same principles in other directions. Self-contained hydraulic machine tools have been dealt with by Mr. H. C. Town,† but in the system to be described all the machines are operated from a central hydraulic plant. Three complete installations on this principle have been established by the author, and the present paper contains an account of this work from the first experiments in 1915 until about four years ago. The first plant was constructed in 1915 for the production of 3·29-inch shells, known as “18-pounders”, from the solid bar. The output was 2,000 shells per week of 135 hours, with girl operators working on three shifts. The second plant was put down in 1916–17 for an output of 500 9·2-inch howitzer shells per week of 135 hours, also with girls working on three shifts. The third plant is of recent design. It was started in 1938 for the production of 3·45-inch shells, known as “25-pounders”; and was laid out for an output of 1,000 shells per week of 47 hours. This plant included four types of hydraulic lathes which the author was engaged to design for the War Office. Soon after the commencement of the last war in 1914 it became evident that shell production would have to be greatly increased, and engineering firms were pressed to take up shell manufacture. The author, on behalf of his firm, undertook to help in the movement, and he at once set about the construction of some simple machines for the job. These conformed on general lines to the practice of the period as regards design and operation. He soon realized, however, that drastic changes would have to be made if production was to reach the high level that circumstances demanded. Although quite familiar with hydraulic machinery of various types and of many applications in presses and certain types of heavy tools, he was not aware of any instance in which hydraulic power had been applied to the movements of a lathe. It appeared to him, nevertheless, that it would be possible to construct a very useful machine on these lines, and he accordingly started immediately to carry out experiments and to prepare designs. It was considered essential that machines for the duty which the author had in mind should be much heavier and more rigid than the ordinary machines of the time, so that they should be free from vibration and “chatter” or spring with the heaviest possible cutting. The standard of rigidity aimed at was that which would permit a half-crown coin to remain balanced on edge on the moving saddle or turret while the tools were making the heaviest cuts. This object was achieved, and the demonstration was frequently made in the presence of those who came to see the lathes at work.

(Re)Made in America: Survivorship after the Shoah

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
Alyson Cole
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
The Third ◽  
United States Today ◽  
Negative Attributes ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Welfare State

Until the l970s, ‘survivor’ referred predominantly to individuals who outlived others in the aftermath of disaster, or stood to inherit the remains of an estate; it was not imbued with evaluative connotations. In the United States today, however, survivorship abounds with positive meanings. This transvaluation rests on three intersecting trajectories that together transformed survivorship from denoting that one sustained or was spared a hardship to signifying a superior social status. The first trajectory follows the aftermath of the Shoah, when survivors acquired moral authority as victims of and public witnesses to a new violation, ‘crimes against humanity’. The second tracks the stigmatization of the term ‘victim’ in American public discourse. A consequence of struggles over the welfare state and other progressive policies, victimhood is now associated less with specific harms or injuries, and more with the supposed negative attributes of the victim herself. The third traces how survivorship became integral to the recuperative strategies of new therapeutic disciplines addressing the traumatized – from war veterans and rape victims to cancer patients. These three processes coalesced to create and legitimize a hierarchical opposition between ‘victims’ and ‘survivors’, transforming these terms into political categories and emblems of personal and group identity. In this essay, I argue that the victim/survivor binary constitutes one juncture where neoliberalism converges with Trump-era populism.

The Kaččā and the Pakkā: Disenchanting the Film Event in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-295
Author(s):  
Timothy P. A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
British India ◽  
Film Exhibition ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Made In

AbstractFor many city dwellers in Pakistan the distant memory of outdoor cinemas in their ancestral villages rekindles the thrill of first contact with film exhibition. This paper considers attempts made in colonial British India and postcolonial Pakistan to understand, wield, and benefit from the staging of such memorable and affective filmic events. In its cultivation of “cinema-minded” subjects, the British Empire commissioned studies of audiences and their reactions to film exhibition in hopes of managing the unruly morality and materiality of the cinematic apparatus. After Partition and the creation of the Dominion of Pakistan, similar studies continued, evincing a residual strategy of elicited contact. The elicitation of film contact aimed at the exertion and commandment of the event of film exhibition for the purposes of knowing their constituent subjects at a moment of malleability. Yet the Empire's struggle with the perceived problems of “Muslim tastes” and audience members’ ambivalence over rural screenings in post-Partition Pakistan calls for a reconsideration of the efficacy of these tactics. I argue that what complicated these encounters are affective responses that questioned the address, permissibility, and efficacy of film exhibition. In these tactics of elucidation, disenchantment, and denial, ruptures are refused and the new is dismissed as inoperable, incompatible, or impermissible.

COMBATING TRANSNATIONAL CRIME IN AFRICA: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN HATCHARD
Keyword(s):  
Transnational Crime ◽  
Environmental Crime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Third ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Proceeds Of Crime ◽  
Made In

Transnational crime is a major problem for African states with corruption, trafficking of persons, drugs trafficking, environmental crime and the like posing a major threat to development and stability. This article examines three challenges that states must tackle in order to combat transnational crime effectively. The first is how to deal with criminals who operate outside the jurisdiction. The second concerns the investigation of crimes with a transnational element. The third challenge involves tracing and then recovering the proceeds of crime that have been moved out of the country where the crime occurred. Here the need for Western states to cooperate with those in Africa is highlighted. Drawing on examples from Lesotho and Nigeria in particular, it is argued that some progress is being made in meeting these challenges. However, the article notes that developing the political will to tackle transnational crime is fundamental to any lasting improvement.

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