What Saunders and van Brakel chose to ignore in color and cognition research

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Jameson
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Color Science ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Made In

Saunders & van Brakel set out to review color science research and to topple the belief that color-vision neurophysiology sets strong deterministic constraints on the cognitive processing of color. Although their skeptism and mission are worthwhile, they fail to give proper treatment to (1) findings that dramatically support some positions they aim to tear down, (2) existing research that anticipates criticisms presented in their target article, and (3) the progress made in the area toward understanding the phenomenon. At the very minimum these oversights weaken the credibility of their arguments and leave the reader to wonder why their discussion ignores what is clearly omitted.

scholarly journals Color realism and color science

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Byrne ◽  
David R. Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Color Properties ◽  
Color Science ◽  
The Third ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe target article is an attempt to make some progress on the problem of color realism. Are objects colored? And what is the nature of the color properties? We defend the view that physical objects (for instance, tomatoes, radishes, and rubies) are colored, and that colors are physical properties, specifically, types of reflectance. This is probably a minority opinion, at least among color scientists. Textbooks frequently claim that physical objects are not colored, and that the colors are “subjective” or “in the mind.” The article has two other purposes: First, to introduce an interdisciplinary audience to some distinctively philosophical tools that are useful in tackling the problem of color realism and, second, to clarify the various positions and central arguments in the debate.The first part explains the problem of color realism and makes some useful distinctions. These distinctions are then used to expose various confusions that often prevent people from seeing that the issues are genuine and difficult, and that the problem of color realism ought to be of interest to anyone working in the field of color science. The second part explains the various leading answers to the problem of color realism, and (briefly) argues that all views other than our own have serious difficulties or are unmotivated. The third part explains and motivates our own view, that colors are types of reflectances and defends it against objections made in the recent literature that are often taken as fatal.

Moving forward with interdisciplinary research on attractiveness-related biases

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Maestripieri ◽  
Andrea Henry ◽  
Nora Nickels
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn our response, we review and address the comments on our target article made in the 25 commentaries. First, we review and discuss the commentaries that recognized the value of our approach, accepted the main premises and conclusions of our target article, and suggested further avenues for research on attractiveness-related biases. We then respond to commentators who either misinterpreted some parts of our target article or made statements with which we disagree. These commentaries provided us with an opportunity to clarify some aspects of our target article, for example, the fact that we address both the functional significance of attractiveness-related biases and their underlying mechanisms. We provide a rebuttal to two commentaries, in which we are accused of poor scholarship. We conclude our response by addressing two commentaries that discussed the societal implications of the occurrence of attractiveness-related biases in the labor market by briefly discussing the relationship between scientific research and social policy.

The Crisis of Legitimacy and the Origins of Social Revolution

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert S. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Made In

One of the most neglected fields in current social science research until quite recently has been the problem of revolution. While some progress has been made in defining the stages of development once a revolutionary process has begun, and in clarifying the differences between revolts and social revolutions in the context of the underdeveloped world, the whole area of origins still remains a largely unexplored field. The debate is still quite fierce as to whether revolutionaries are marginal or integrated persons; or whether revolutions begin because of too rapid industrialization or because of too little; because of actual exploitation or because of rising expectations. In short, there has been a multiplicity of theories, but few concrete tests of many of these propositions.

Where is the evidence for general intelligence in nonhuman animals?

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Huber
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis commentary contrasts evolutionary plausibility with empirical evidence and cognitive continuity with radiation and convergent evolution. So far, neither within-species nor between-species comparisons on the basis of rigorous experimental and species-appropriate tests substantiate the claims made in the target article. Caution is advisable on meta-analytical comparisons that primarily rely on publication frequencies and overgeneralizations (from murids and primates to other nonhuman animals).

scholarly journals Application of decision-tree on wellness tourism visitors~ health behaviour changes

Economica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Orsolya Savella ◽  
Péter Dudás
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Health Tourism ◽  
Wellness Tourism ◽  
Decision Tree Method ◽  
Behaviour Changes ◽  
Tree Method ◽  
Made In

In the case of social science research, the link between observation and theory can cause difficulties for researchers. Direct observation and measurement are rarely possible. Because the processes are constantly changing, it is possible to observe the phenomena once. Some of the models of mathematical, statistical methods are made in uncertain circumstances, which take into account the more important factors, but also the probable variables can be expressed. The technique used to make such a model is the decision tree method, which is a graphical model used in decision making, in which several choices are available and their outputs are uncertain. The study illustrates the use of this model, focusing on the health behavior of individuals involved in health tourism travel.

Representing Classes of Things and Properties in General in Conceptual Modelling

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Shanks ◽  
Daniel Moody ◽  
Jasmina Nuredini ◽  
Daniel Tobin ◽  
Ron Weber
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Conceptual Modelling ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Role Modelling ◽  
Entity Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Behaviours ◽  
Ontological Theory ◽  
Made In

How classes of things and properties in general should be represented in conceptual models is a fundamental issue. For example, proponents of object-role modelling argue that no distinction should be made between the two constructs, whereas proponents of entity-relationship modelling argue the distinction is important but provide ambiguous guidelines about how the distinction should be made. In this paper, the authors use ontological theory and cognition theory to provide guidelines about how classification should be represented in conceptual models. The authors experimented to test whether clearly distinguishing between classes of things and properties in general enabled users of conceptual models to better understand a domain. They describe a cognitive processing study that examined whether clearly distinguishing between classes of things and properties in general impacts the cognitive behaviours of the users. The results support the use of ontologically sound representations of classes of things and properties in conceptual modelling.

Specification, information, and the loss of receptor systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-223
Author(s):  
Barry Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Target Article ◽  
Made In

Claims made in the target article that information-that-specifies is contained in relations among structured energy arrays, considered as wholes, may well be true, but claims that information-that-specifies is only contained in irreducible relations among structured energy arrays, considered as wholes, fail to persuade, at least in the case of the blind.

Representing Classes of Things and Properties in General in Conceptual Modelling

2012 ◽  
pp. 103-130
Author(s):  
Graeme G. Shanks ◽  
Daniel Moody ◽  
Jasmina Nuredini ◽  
Daniel Tobin ◽  
Ron Weber
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Conceptual Modelling ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Role Modelling ◽  
Entity Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Behaviours ◽  
Ontological Theory ◽  
Made In

How classes of things and properties in general should be represented in conceptual models is a fundamental issue. For example, proponents of object-role modelling argue that no distinction should be made between the two constructs, whereas proponents of entity-relationship modelling argue the distinction is important but provide ambiguous guidelines about how the distinction should be made. In this paper, the authors use ontological theory and cognition theory to provide guidelines about how classification should be represented in conceptual models. The authors experimented to test whether clearly distinguishing between classes of things and properties in general enabled users of conceptual models to better understand a domain. They describe a cognitive processing study that examined whether clearly distinguishing between classes of things and properties in general impacts the cognitive behaviours of the users. The results support the use of ontologically sound representations of classes of things and properties in conceptual modelling.

TRACHEAL AND BRONCHIAL ADENOMAS IN CHILDHOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-398
Author(s):  
Wilson Weisel ◽  
Derward Lepley
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Infections ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Made In

Case histories of three patients are reported, in whom adenomas of the respiratory tract produced dangerous prolonged morbidity in children before correct diagnosis was made. In all children with ususual wheezing disorders or recurrent pulmonary infections, the possible diagnosis of adenoma should be entertained. The proper treatment of adenomas of the respiratory tract in children is surgical excision of the tumor and of the permanently damaged lung tissue. Early diagnosis will reduce the incidence of pulmonary destruction and the possibility of metastasis.

Vision, development, and bilingualism are fundamental in the quest for a universal model of visual word recognition and reading

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Pitchford ◽  
Walter J. B. van Heuven ◽  
Andrew N. Kelly ◽  
Taoli Zhang ◽  
Timothy Ledgeway
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Universal Model ◽  
Vision Development ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Made In

AbstractWe agree with many of the principles proposed by Frost but highlight crucial caveats and report research findings that challenge several assertions made in the target article. We discuss the roles that visual processing, development, and bilingualism play in visual word recognition and reading. These are overlooked in all current models, but are fundamental to any universal model of reading.

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