Re-Conceptualising the ‘Technology-Development’ Nexus

2010 ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
Sam Wong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
Technological Intervention ◽  
And Gender

This book chapter re-conceptualises the relationships between technology and development. It focuses on rural economic development and examines how water- and energy-related technologies interact with human-nature relationships. Drawing on case studies in Rajasthan, India, this chapter argues that people’s preferences for livelihoods can be incompatible with technological design. The unintended consequences of water and energy interventions can bring uncertainty to policy-making which affects long-term economic development and ecological sustainability. Changing governance structures in challenging caste and gender inequalities also require strong leadership. It proposes a ‘people-centred’ technological intervention framework which links the macro technical system and the micro process of people’s daily practices and subjectivities. In achieving this, it calls for a different approach to understanding human motivations, power dynamics and gender politics.

Power Dynamics at College Parties

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Beste
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Powerful Group

Undergraduate ethnographers analyzed the power dynamics among different social groups at parties, attending to race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, and gender. Based on their observations, they sought to identify dominant and subordinate social groups. Most ethnographers who addressed power dynamics in regard to ethnicity and sexual orientation (many did not) perceived that white heterosexual males had the most power and dominance. Regarding power dynamics among the genders, 66% of students claimed that heterosexual males were the most powerful group; 7% argued that females had more power; 24% perceived that both men and women exercise different forms of power or that social factors unrelated to gender determined which individuals were most powerful; and 3% did not directly answer the question about power. After analyzing ethnographers’ reasoning for their perspectives, Beste draws on social scientific research to analyze the power dynamics and gender inequalities manifest in college social and sexual culture.

Track 2.c Introduction: Gender of/in design practice and profession

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pınar KAYGAN ◽  
Leah ARMSTRONG ◽  
Katarina SERELUS ◽  
Kaisu SAVOLA
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
Design Culture ◽  
Colonial Theory ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Social constructionist feminist research of the last decades has shown that if we look closely enough we can see that artifacts are gendered by design. Some artifacts are gendered explicitly through their direct association with the traditional binary of women or men users; while gender is inscribed into others in more subtle ways through the normative conceptions regarding (1) their use contexts (public/private), (2) gender symbols and myths (strong/weak, rational/emotional, dirty/clean, adventurous/safe etc.) and (3) relationship with technology. This dualistic view serves as a useful strategy in design and marketing to create new segments to expand the market. Yet artifacts shaped by this view embody, represent and reproduce asymmetries in gender power relations (Kaygan, Kaygan and Demir, 2019). These asymmetries also find form in the professional work cultures and power dynamics of design practice (Armstrong, 2012; Kaygan, 2016). Gender dynamics are both seen and unseen; played out in the everyday interactions of the design office or studio and in the public performance of the designer’s role for client or public audiences (Rossi, 2009). As such, implicitly and explicitly, gender roles have the capacity to enable or inhibit the role of designer as an agent for social change. This track seeks to open up a new avenue for feminist scholarship and trans/gender research in design innovation by exploring the relationship between design and gender and its implications for design as both practice and profession. To this end, we invited papers addressing the questions including but not exclusive to: What is the relationship between gender and design practice and how is this changing in contemporary design culture? How and to what extent can designers act as agents of change by formulating gender inequalities in terms of design problems? Are there any design methodologies and tools that encourage inclusive and gender-sensitive design practices? How can contemporary post-colonial theory and trans/gender research generate new approaches? What insights can gender and design histories bring to contemporary research? How can design educators better contribute to creating an awareness in young designers to design for a more egalitarian world for people with various gender identities?

scholarly journals Energy in the Context of Sustainability

Daedalus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina M. Bierbaum ◽  
Pamela A. Matson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Clean Air

Today and in the coming decades, the world faces the challenge of meeting the needs of a still-growing human population, and of doing it sustainably – that is, without affecting the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Energy plays a pivotal role in this challenge, both because of its importance to economic development and because of the myriad interactions and influences it has on other critical sustainability issues. In this essay, we explore some of the direct interactions between energy and other things people need, such as food, water, fuel, and clean air, and also some of its indirect interactions with climate, ecosystems, and the habitability of the planet. We discuss some of the challenges and potential unintended consequences that are associated with a transition to clean, affordable energy as well as opportunities that make sense for energy and other sustainability goals. Pursuing such opportunities is critical not just to meeting the energy needs of nine billion people, but also to meeting their other critical needs and to maintaining a planet that supports human life in the near and long term.

Conditions for the Hi-tech Complex Development

2003 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
V. Maevsky ◽  
B. Kuzyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Monetary Base ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Bank System ◽  
Post Industrial

A project for the long-term strategy of Russian break-through into post-industrial society is suggested which is directed at transformation of the hi-tech complex into the leading factor of economic development. The thesis is substantiated that there is an opportunity to realize such a strategy in case Russia shifts towards the mechanism of the monetary base growth generally accepted in developed countries: the Central Bank increases the quantity of "strong" money by means of purchasing state securities and allocates the increment of money in question according to budget priorities. At the same time for the realization of the said strategy it is necessary to partially restore savings lost during the hyperinflation period of 1992-1994 and default of 1998 and to secure development of the bank system as well as an increase of the volume of long-term credits on this base.

Russian Federalism at the Critical Stage of Development

2008 ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bukhvald
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Municipal Reform ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Course

Transformations in the sphere of federal relations concern the most important directions of the reforming processes in the country. However, not all proposed and actually developing components of the federal reform seem well-argued and corresponding to long-term, strategic interests of the Russian statehood. The basic course of reform should meet the objective requirements of further decentralization of governing economic and social processes and the need to ensure strengthening the responsibility of RF subjects’ executive bodies and local self-management for steady social and economic development of their territories. The solution of these problems calls for a new model of federal policy of regional development, specification of some important components of the municipal reform as well as inserting certain amendments into the system of intergovernmental fiscal relations in order to stir up their stimulating function.

Russia’s Development Strategy: Guidelines and Restrictions

2008 ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Senchagov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Rates Of Growth

The core of Russia’s long-term socio-economic development strategy is represented by its conceptual basis. Having considered debating points about the essence and priority of the strategy, the author analyzes the logic and stages of its development as well as possibilities, restrictions and risks of high GDP rates of growth.

Economic Development in 2006 and the Future of the Russian Economy: The Non-Resource-Based Sector Potential (The Economic Report of All-Russia Business Union “Delovaya Rossiya”)

2007 ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
B. Titov ◽  
I. Pilipenko ◽  
A. Danilov-Danilyan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Report ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Export Industries ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The report considers how the state economic policy contributes to the national economic development in the midterm perspective. It analyzes main current economic problems of the Russian economy, i.e. low effectiveness of the social system, high dependence on export industries and natural resources, high monopolization and underdeveloped free market, as well as barriers that hinder non-recourse-based business development including high tax burden, skilled labor deficit and lack of investment capital. We propose a social-oriented market economy as the Russian economic model to achieve a sustainable economic growth in the long-term perspective. This model is based on people’s prosperity and therefore expanding domestic demand that stimulates the growth of domestic non-resource-based sector which in turn can accelerate annual GDP growth rates to 10-12%. To realize this model "Delovaya Rossiya" proposes a program that consists of a number of directions and key groups of measures covering priority national projects, tax, fiscal, monetary, innovative-industrial, trade and social policies.

On Climate Change Risks of Long-Term Socio-Economic Development in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
N.E. Terentiev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Risk ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Management Policies

Based on the latest data, paper investigates the dynamics of global climate change and its impact on economic growth in the long-term. The notion of climate risk is considered. The main directions of climate risk management policies are analyzed aimed, first, at reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions through technological innovation and structural economic shifts; secondly, at adaptation of population, territories and economic complexes to the irreparable effects of climate change. The problem of taking into account the phenomenon of climate change in the state economic policy is put in the context of the most urgent tasks of intensification of long-term socio-economic development and parrying strategic challenges to the development of Russia.

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