Pesticide Leaching Models in a Brazilian Agricultural Field Scenario

2011 ◽  
pp. 266-295
Author(s):  
Rômulo Júnior ◽  
Renê Rigitano ◽  
Jos Boesten
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Moisture Profiles ◽  
Leaching Models ◽  
Pesticide Leaching

The use of Pesticide Leaching Models (PLM) for risk assessment may be an efficient and attractive way of assessing solutions to some agricultural and environmental problems. Many countries of the European Union and the USA have been using PLM for risk assessment already for a few decades. This chapter has the aim to present a successful application of two PLM (i.e. MACRO and PEARL) in a Brazilian very intensive agricultural area to simulate moisture profiles and the leaching of a water flow tracer (i.e. bromide) and the pesticides cyproconazole and thiamethoxam. Also attempts to summarize the available knowledge about the processes governing pesticide behavior in soil, types and classifications of PLM, the use of PLM for risk assessment at European Union, a theoretical description of PEARL and MACRO models and their testing in a Brazilian agricultural field scenario.

Russian Federation and the United States of America: geostrategic directions to manage the Ukrainian crisis

2019 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Attarid Awadh Abdulhameed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
Zero Sum

Ukrainia Remains of huge importance to Russian Strategy because of its Strategic importance. For being a privileged Postion in new Eurasia, without its existence there would be no logical resons for eastward Expansion by European Powers.  As well as in Connection with the progress of Ukrainian is no less important for the USA (VSD, NDI, CIA, or pentagon) and the European Union with all organs, and this is announced by John Kerry. There has always ben Russian Fear and Fear of any move by NATO or USA in the area that it poses a threat to  Russians national Security and its independent role and in funence  on its forces especially the Navy Forces. There for, the Crisis manyement was not Zero sum game, there are gains and offset losses, but Russia does not accept this and want a Zero Sun game because the USA. And European exteance is a Foot hold in Regin Which Russian sees as a threat to its national security and want to monopolize control in the strategic Qirim.

scholarly journals National Food Safety Systems in the European Union: A Comparative Survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hadjigeorgiou ◽  
Elpidoforos S. Soteriades ◽  
Anastasios Philalithis ◽  
Anna Psaroulaki ◽  
Yiannis Tselentis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Comparative Survey ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Central Level ◽  
The Eu

This paper is a comparative survey of the National Food Safety Systems (NFSS) of the European Union (EU) Member-States (MS) and the Central EU level. The main organizational structures of the NFSS, their legal frameworks, their responsibilities, their experiences, and challenges relating to food safety are discussed. Growing concerns about food safety have led the EU itself, its MS and non-EU countries, which are EU trade-partners, to review and modify their food safety systems. Our study suggests that the EU and 22 out of 27 Member States (MS) have reorganized their NFSS by establishing a single food safety authority or a similar organization on the national or central level. In addition, the study analyzes different approaches towards the establishment of such agencies. Areas where marked differences in approaches were seen included the division of responsibilities for risk assessment (RA), risk management (RM), and risk communication (RC). We found that in 12 Member States, all three areas of activity (RA, RM, and RC) are kept together, whereas in 10 Member States, risk management is functionally or institutionally separate from risk assessment and risk communication. No single ideal model for others to follow for the organization of a food safety authority was observed; however, revised NFSS, either in EU member states or at the EU central level, may be more effective from the previous arrangements, because they provide central supervision, give priority to food control programs, and maintain comprehensive risk analysis as part of their activities.

scholarly journals DERMAL ABSORPTION OF DIQUAT AND POTENTIAL OCCUPATIONAL RISK

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459-1464
Author(s):  
Tatyana O. Yastrub ◽  
Sergii T. Omelchuk ◽  
Andrii M. Yastrub
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
High Level

The aim: The toxicological-hygienic assessment of dermal absorption of diquat in terms of potential risk of its bioavailability in professional use. Materials and methods: The object of the study was cutaneous exposure of diquat, determined in toxicological experiments of different duration (data of scientific literature) and at the stage of state testing of pesticide preparations based on diquat dibromide (data of a full-scale hygiene experiment, prognostic model of risk assessment), the technical concentrate of diquat dibromide (active substance content not less than 377 g / kg) contains relevant supplements, the content of which is regulated by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Results and conclusions: Due to the high risk of the diquat adverse effects affecting the personnel, general public and environment, the European Union has introduced administrative decisions to forbid plant protection products containing the diquat. Fulfillment of the conditions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union indicates the need to develop common regulations and risk assessment methods aimed at ensuring high level of protection of human health and the environment.

scholarly journals European Union as a Leader in Climate Change Policy: Assessing Europe’s Roles in the World∗

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Omer Ugur ◽  
Kadir Caner Dogan ◽  
Metin Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Climate Change Politics ◽  
The Eu

The European Union has grown up in terms of influence and size in international politics. The size of its economy and the ever-increasing membership, have seen its ambitions grow meaning that the EU now has an international presence it did not have at its formation. It is easy to say that with the EU being an ambitious actor in international politics, the rise into prominence of climate change naturally came in handy for the EU as it provided an opportunity for the EU to assert itself and prove both its capacity and presence. The 1992 Rio Earth Summit and the withdrawal of the USA from the obligations of the Kyoto came as a blessing in disguise for the Union as it seized the moment to assert itself. Thus, in trying to understand what role the EU has or is playing in international climate change politics, there is need to assess its leadership claims and what it has done to prove these claims. To get there, the paper will navigate through a part of the discipline of International Relations (IR) to understand how it provides for a basis to explain or understand the EU’s limitations and strengths on actorness.

scholarly journals The 'Great Diversification Game': Russia’s Vision of the European Union’s Energy Projects in the Shared Neighbourhood

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-148
Author(s):  
Valentina Feklyunina
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Transportation Routes ◽  
Former Soviet Republics

This article examines Russia’s vision of the European Union’s energy diversification projects that focus on their ‘shared neighbourhood’. It argues that although the European Union (EU), unlike the USA, is not yet seen as a serious threat to Russian interests in the area, this situation is rapidly changing, with the Kremlin becoming increasingly sensitive about the EU’s plans to diversify energy supply sources and transportation routes by increasing cooperation with other former Soviet Republics within the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The article highlights how the EU’s energy diversification projects are viewed by Moscow as anti-Russian and details the way in which Russia is responding to this perceived threat, including plans to diversify its own energy exports.

scholarly journals Сompetence development diagnostics in the process of music teachers training: European Union states and Ukraine experience

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
O. О. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Arts Teachers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
Teachers Training

The article deals with the analysis of tools used for competence development diagnostics in the European Union states (Federal Republic of Germany, Austria, Switzerland), the USA and Ukraine. The common approaches to the development and implementation of diagnostic tools in the process of music teachers training are determined: the competence-oriented educational standards and a complex of key competencies served as the basis for the diagnostic tools development; the development of diagnostic tools is carried out by Ministries, institutes and pedagogical and psychological laboratories; it is asserted that to provide education of high quality both psychological and pedagogical diagnostics are to be carried out. The author’s interpretation of terms used to define Musical Arts teachers’ general professional and specialized professional competencies and diagnostic tools providing for determining future specialists’ quality of education is offered.

European Union in Counter-Crisis Competition of Power Centers: Potential, Realities, Hopes

2013 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
K. Voronov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Evolutionary Robustness ◽  
Power Centers ◽  
Macroeconomic Growth ◽  
The Eu

Despite the crisis, the economy of the European Union remains to be the largest in the world. The economic mechanism of the EU is rather differentiated. It has a great historical experience and possesses sufficient evolutionary robustness. Currently, the former relationships between the EU and the USA undergo substantial changes and new forms emerge. For both of them the greatest challenge is presented by China which in recent decades shows the solid rates of GDP growth. Supposedly, Chines economy will become the world largest on in the new future. Under such conditions the Old World has to conduct a persistent search for new sources of its successful macroeconomic growth.

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