Pesticides as an Occupational Hazard Facts and Figures

2022 ◽  
pp. 2041-2054
Author(s):  
Nazia Tarannum ◽  
Meenakshi Singh ◽  
Ranjit Hawaldar
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
The People ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Occupational Settings ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Control Service

The chapter gives insight into the harmful use of pesticides in different professional environments. It portrays the use of pesticides as the potential risks to the health of users and third parties and a danger to the environment. The use of pesticides has increased at a phenomenal rate. Pesticides and their threat to the biological world have reached almost hysterical proportions. Their residues are found everywhere, particularly those of the so-called “hard pesticides” or organochlorine compounds, DDT. Herein, an attempt has been made to reflect pesticide exposure in different occupational settings and their harmful effects on humans. Excess use of pesticide in agriculture has placed workers in this industry at risk of lethal exposure. Personnel working in domestic pest control service is also from continuous exposure to the pesticide. Further, the chapter highlights various corrective measures to be taken by the people working in different occupational settings to combat the dangerous effects of pesticides in everyday life.

Pesticides as an Occupational Hazard Facts and Figures

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Tarannum ◽  
Meenakshi Singh ◽  
Ranjit Hawaldar
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
The People ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Occupational Settings ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Control Service

The chapter gives insight into the harmful use of pesticides in different professional environments. It portrays the use of pesticides as the potential risks to the health of users and third parties and a danger to the environment. The use of pesticides has increased at a phenomenal rate. Pesticides and their threat to the biological world have reached almost hysterical proportions. Their residues are found everywhere, particularly those of the so-called “hard pesticides” or organochlorine compounds, DDT. Herein, an attempt has been made to reflect pesticide exposure in different occupational settings and their harmful effects on humans. Excess use of pesticide in agriculture has placed workers in this industry at risk of lethal exposure. Personnel working in domestic pest control service is also from continuous exposure to the pesticide. Further, the chapter highlights various corrective measures to be taken by the people working in different occupational settings to combat the dangerous effects of pesticides in everyday life.

scholarly journals The Reported Use of Tongue-Ties and Nosebands in Thoroughbred and Standardbred Horse Racing—A Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Dominic Weller ◽  
Samantha Franklin ◽  
Peter White ◽  
Glenn Shea ◽  
Kate Fenner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Horse Racing ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Equine Industry ◽  
Insight Into

This article reports on the results of a survey of racehorse trainers (n = 112) outlining the reasons for tongue-tie (TT) and noseband (NB) use by Thoroughbred trainers (TBTs) (n = 72) and Standardbred trainers (SBTs) (n = 40). The study also investigated the reported effectiveness of TTs and possible complications arising from their use. Tongue-tie use was reported by 62.5% (n = 70) of racehorse trainers. The reasons for TT use varied between TBTs and SBTs. For TBTs, the most common reason for TT use was to prevent or reduce airway obstruction (72.3%, n = 34), followed closely by to prevent or reduce airway noise (55.3%, n = 16). Standardbred trainers assigned equal importance for TT use [to prevent or reduce airway obstruction (69.6%, n = 16) and to prevent the horse from moving its tongue over the bit (69.6%, n = 16)]. Tongue-ties were considered significantly less effective at improving performance than at reducing airway obstruction and preventing the tongue from moving over the bit (t = −2.700, p = 0.0007). For respondents who used both TTs and NBs, there was a mild to moderate positive association between the reasons for using TTs and NBs. Of the 70 TT-using respondents, 51.4% (n = 36) recorded having encountered either a physical or behavioural complication due to TT use, with redness/bruising of the tongue (20.0%, n = 14) being the most common physical complication reported. Duration of use influenced the risk of observing complications. The likelihood of a respondent reporting a behavioural complication due to TT use increased with every minute of reported application and a nine-minute increment in application period doubled the odds of a respondent reporting a complication. Tightness was a risk factor for physical complications: Checking TT tightness by noting the tongue as not moving was associated with increased reporting of physical complications (OR = 6.59; CI 1.1–67.5). This pilot study provides some insight into how and why TTs are applied by some racehorse trainers, and the potential risks associated with their use. A further study of a larger cohort is recommended because these results are valid for only the 112 trainers who responded and cannot be generalized to the equine industry.

scholarly journals Fish and other faunal remains from a Late Iron Age site on the Letaba River, Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Plug ◽  
Paul Skelton
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Hunting Strategies ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
Insight Into

Fish remains from Late Iron Age sites in the Transvaal are relatively scarce. It seems as if the people did not utilize the riverine resources extensively. Therefore the unique assemblage of large numbers of fish bones on a Late Iron Age site, provides some insight into the fish population of a section of the Letaba River a few hundred years ago. The presence of other faunal remains provides some information on prehistoric utilization of the environment in general. Hunting strategies and aspects of herding can also be deduced from the faunal remains.

scholarly journals Social work in confinement: the spatiality of social work in carceral settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Marina Richter ◽  
Julia Emprechtinger
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
The People ◽  
Situated Practice ◽  
Carceral Geography ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

Abstract. Social work in prisons not only works with and for people who are confined; it also constitutes a form of social work that is carried out under conditions of confinement. This article draws on carceral geography to understand the corporeal and spatial aspects of social work in prison settings. Based on insights from two prisons in Switzerland, we argue that understanding carceral social work as a spatial and materially situated practice helps to gain deep insight into the intricate layers of meaning and powerful modes of functioning of prisons and of the people involved. In particular, it shows how the way social work is carried out in prison is supported and strongly structured by the spatiality of the prison itself, allowing for counselling, desk-type social work, rather than for social work that actively initiates and creates spaces for encounters or activities.

scholarly journals REVIEW: 'Embedded' with the invaded Iraqi people

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
David Robie
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Personal Account ◽  
The People ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
Post War ◽  
Policy Failures ◽  
Insight Into

Wilson's Long drive Through A Short War is a personal account of their time in Iraq during the invasion and a subsequent post-war visit to the country to see the fate of the people he had met.  Hersh's Chain of Command provides many of the missing links to those seeking greater insight into the wider struggle of Iraq's civil war unleashed by the failure of US post-invasion policy, even if this is not officially admitted. His 'muckracking' investigations concentrate on the policy failures, corruptions and abuses of power. 

scholarly journals “No me des el pescado, enséñame a pescar” “Do not hand me fish, teach me how to fish” Community Lawyering in Puerto Rico: Promoting empowerment and self-help

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Myrta Morales-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Development Section ◽  
The People ◽  
The University ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Special Meaning

<p>Law 232 of August 27, 2004 has a special meaning to the people residing in some of Puerto Rico's poorest communities. It was the result of the hard work, during a period of a year and a half, of leaders from some of these communities and my students, the students of the community development section of the Legal Aid Clinic of the University of Puerto Rico’s School of Law. The story of Law 232 can provide insight into what the role of a lawyer can be in the battle against poverty. To understand the story of this Puerto Rican law, one has to go back to August of 2002. During that month the University of Puerto Rico's School of Law Legal Aid Clinic inaugurated its community development section.</p>

Peruvian small and medium-sized enterprises and COVID-19: Time for a new start!

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Durst ◽  
Mariano Martin Genaro Palacios Acuache ◽  
Guido Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose Crises of any type have become an integral part of business activity and responses to them could make the difference between survival and failure. This applies in particular to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Taking the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic as a starting point, this study aims to investigate how Peruvian SMEs have been coping with COVID-19 so far. Based on that a conceptual framework is proposed which highlights the practice of SMEs trying to deal with a new type of crisis. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on an exploratory qualitative research design involving 25 semi-structured interviews conducted in Peruvian SMEs. Findings The findings demonstrate how the Peruvian firms studied to adapt to the new situation and initiate responses to increasing the chance of survival. Furthermore, the role of the companies’ decision-makers, as well as the role of crisis management and other related approaches in the companies are shown. Research limitations/implications The paper expands the underdeveloped body of knowledge regarding crisis management in Latin America in general and crisis management in SMEs by providing insight into how Peruvian SMEs perceive and adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. Practical implications The findings presented in this paper have implications for both managers and managerial staff of SMEs but also for the people in charge of the curricula at universities and other teaching-focused institutes. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study of crisis management on the impacts of COVID-19 with a dedicated focus on SMEs from Latin America. It provides fresh insight into current reactions to the Pandemic.

The Global Nexus of Drug Cultivation

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The People ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Physiological Impact ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
Insight Into

It is a pleasure to write the closing chapter for this volume. My tasks are to present some common themes in these diverse studies, point out the unique features, and reflect on our roles as researchers of plant-based drugs and the people who produce, distribute, and use them. The research behind this volume is extraordinary. Doing fieldwork about drugs is risky. Almost every situation described here involves illicit activities. Growers, traffickers, and merchants of these substances have every reason to be suspicious about the researcher, and they have been both generous and trusting in revealing their worlds to us. In turn we hope that our interpretations will benefit these people, not by condoning what is illegal, but by offering enlightened counsel to decision makers who should act with the best information on the human dimensions and costs of their policies, thereby reducing some of the harm done by actions based on ignorance or incomplete information. Regardless of whether or not we approve of what they do, we must marvel at the extraordinary resourcefulness of these people, particularly the peasant farmers at the base of the drug enterprise. As Steinberg (chapter 6) notes, these seemingly conservative people are amazingly flexible and adaptable to the changing world around them. And one cannot help but admire the fortitude in their labors. Westermeyer (chapter 3) describes the work of Laotian opium harvesters as “pressured, repetitive, prolonged, and grueling. Thousands of bulbs rapidly incised and scraped, incised and scraped every day, day after day, from twilight to dusk—sometimes even at night by torch—for weeks.” Their efforts are typical. This is a volume about indigenous peoples and drugs, and it is much more. It offers insight into the drugs themselves, their production and marketing, their unique place in the process of globalization, the physiological impact of their use, their spiritual and perceptual dimensions, their impact on landscapes, and their role in social and political change, as well as the drug war and alternatives to conventional drug warfare. These studies represent work that, as Mathewson (chapter 1) has written, is “immense, compelling, and critically important.”

scholarly journals First Observations of an Eastern Screech-Owl, Megascops asio, Population in an Apple-Producing Region of Southern Quebec

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Ngaiou L. Richards ◽  
Pierre Mineau ◽  
David M. Bird ◽  
Pierre Wery ◽  
Jacques Larivée ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Zenaida Macroura ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Rehabilitation Facilities ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Mourning Doves ◽  
Colaptes Auratus ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Not At Risk

Baseline information was collected on a local Eastern Screech-Owl population found in the apple-producing region of Saint-Hilaire and Rougemont, Quebec, as part of a larger study on pesticide exposure conducted between 2000 and 2003. Screech-Owls visited or occupied 41 of 89 nest boxes installed in 12 orchards and 2 control locations. The mean height of occupied nest boxes was 3.83 m (2.00 – 5.80 m). Squirrels, Sciurus and Tamiasciurius sp., and chipmunks, Tamias striatus, Northern Flickers, Colaptes auratus, and wasps were the owls’ primary competitors for the boxes. Intact Screech-Owl pellets retrieved from nest boxes (n = 82) had a mean length and width of 3.57 and 1.44 cm, respectively, and weighed a mean of 1.77 g. Screech-Owls in the study area consumed a variety of small mammal, avian, insect and aquatic prey. Of these, Meadow Voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, were the predominant prey item identified in pellets, and Mourning Doves, Zenaida macroura, were the primary avian prey found in nest boxes. In Canada, the owl’s trend status remains largely unknown. The species is currently listed as “Not at Risk”, based on an assessment conducted for COSEWIC in 1986. Given that a limited amount of information exists on the natural history and ecology of the species in Quebec, we also generated a map of the owl’s distribution in the province, using data from ornithological databases and rehabilitation facilities. Potential risks to the species within the province, particularly pesticide exposure and habitat loss, are briefly addressed and follow-up studies are discussed.

Paraoxonase activity and genetic polymorphisms in greenhouse workers with long term pesticide exposure

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 565-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio F Herńndez ◽  
Bharti Mackness ◽  
Lourdes Rodrigo ◽  
Olga López ◽  
Antonio Pla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Serum Paraoxonase ◽  
Occupational Settings

Serum paraoxonase (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) associated protein, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, although it was primarily associated with the hydrolysis of organophosphorus compounds. PON1 was initially thought to be independent from physiological or pathological states, although recently some environmental factors have been reported to modulate its activity. In this study, we have investigated the promoter (PON1-108C/T and-909 C/G) and coding region (PON1 192Q/R and 55L/M) polymorphisms, as well as PON1 activity towards different substrates (paraoxon, phenylacetate and diazoxon) in 102 individuals with long term low dose exposure to pesticides in a plastic greenhouse setting (sprayers), who are probably the group of agricultural workers with the highest exposure to pesticides. PON1 activity towards paraoxon was nonsignificantly decreased (up to 53.5%) in the sprayers subgroup exposed to organophosphates (n-41) compared with nonsprayers acting as controls (n-39). None of the genotypes studied was associated significantly with the subgroup of individuals exposed to organophosphates, although differences between sprayers and nonsprayers were observed in the PON1-909 G/C polymorphism. Among the environmental factors that significantly predicted lower rates of PON1 activity towards paraoxon are, interestingly, the exposure to organophosphates and current smoking. By contrast, the utilization of protective clothing while spraying pesticides inside the greenhouses was positively associated with PON1 activity, very likely by preventing the pesticides from being absorbed. This study suggests that chronic exposure to pesticides might decrease PON1 activity and pinpoints the potential usefulness of monitoring PON1 activity in occupational settings where exposure to organophosphates occurs.

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