Nutraceutical Intervention of Phytosterols in Cardiovascular Aging

2022 ◽  
pp. 1125-1143
Author(s):  
Charu Gupta ◽  
Dhan Prakash ◽  
Sneh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Near Future

Phytosterols and phytostanols are a large group of compounds that are found exclusively in plants. They are structurally and functionally related to cholesterol but differ from cholesterol in the structure of the side chain. Phytosterols lower total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) blood cholesterol by preventing cholesterol absorption from the intestine, so they have been known as blood cholesterol-lowering agents. Phytosterols are naturally found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and mainly oils. Dietary phytosterol intakes normally range from 160-400 mg/day with variations depending on food culture and major food sources. Dairy foods remain a food of choice for use as delivery vehicle for many functional ingredients including phytosterols and there are many dairy products available in the global markets which are enriched with phytosterols. The use of phytosterols in commonly consumed dairy products may soon provide an effective tool against CVD and its introduction to our food products is worth anticipating in the near future as nutraceuticals for healthy ageing.

Nutraceutical Intervention of Phytosterols in Cardiovascular Aging

2019 ◽  
pp. 166-190
Author(s):  
Charu Gupta ◽  
Dhan Prakash ◽  
Sneh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Near Future

Phytosterols and phytostanols are a large group of compounds that are found exclusively in plants. They are structurally and functionally related to cholesterol but differ from cholesterol in the structure of the side chain. Phytosterols lower total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) blood cholesterol by preventing cholesterol absorption from the intestine, so they have been known as blood cholesterol-lowering agents. Phytosterols are naturally found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and mainly oils. Dietary phytosterol intakes normally range from 160-400 mg/day with variations depending on food culture and major food sources. Dairy foods remain a food of choice for use as delivery vehicle for many functional ingredients including phytosterols and there are many dairy products available in the global markets which are enriched with phytosterols. The use of phytosterols in commonly consumed dairy products may soon provide an effective tool against CVD and its introduction to our food products is worth anticipating in the near future as nutraceuticals for healthy ageing.

scholarly journals The Bioavailability and Biological Activities of Phytosterols as Modulators of Cholesterol Metabolism

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yan Xin ◽  
Yuqian Mo ◽  
Pavel Marozik ◽  
Taiping He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Liver X Receptor Α

Phytosterols are natural sterols widely found in plants that have a variety of physiological functions, and their role in reducing cholesterol absorption has garnered much attention. Although the bioavailability of phytosterols is only 0.5–2%, they can still promote cholesterol balance in the body. A mechanism of phytosterols for lowering cholesterol has now been proposed. They not only reduce the uptake of cholesterol in the intestinal lumen and affect its transport, but also regulate the metabolism of cholesterol in the liver. In addition, phytosterols can significantly reduce the plasma concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), with a dose-response relationship. Ingestion of 3 g of phytosterols per day can reach the platform period, and this dose can reduce LDL-C by about 10.7%. On the other hand, phytosterols can also activate the liver X receptor α-CPY7A1 mediated bile acids excretion pathway and accelerate the transformation and metabolism of cholesterol. This article reviews the research progress of phytosterols as a molecular regulator of cholesterol and the mechanism of action for this pharmacological effect.

scholarly journals Blood parameters and productivity of broilers fed ration composed of microparticle protein with the addition of Lactobacillus sp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
L.T. Wulandari ◽  
N. Suthama ◽  
B. Sukamto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Meat Weight ◽  
Randomized Design

The study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of feeding dietary microparticles protein added with Lactobacillus sp. on blood parameters and broiler productivity. A total of 192 birds of 21 days old broiler with initial body weight of 481 ± 67 g were divided into 8 treatments and 4 replications (6 birds each) of a completely randomized design (CRD). Dietary treatments were T0: 21% intact protein ration, T1: 18% intact protein ration, T2: 21% microparticle protein ration, T3: 18% microparticle protein ration, T4: T0 + 1.2 mL Lactobacillus sp, T5: T1 + 1.2 mL Lactobacillus sp., T6: T2 + 1.2 mL Lactobacillus sp., and T7: T3 + 1.2 mL Lactobacillus sp. Parameters observed were total lactic acid bacteria and Coliform, pH, blood cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), meat cholesterol, meat weight, feed consumption, and body weight gain (BWG). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and followed by Duncan test (P<0.05). The results showed that T7 treatment significantly (P<0.05) decreased blood cholesterol, LDL, and meat cholesterol, but increased HDL, meat weight, and BWG. Blood cholesterol, LDL, and meat cholesterol were indicated significantly (P<0.05) lowest values due to T7 treatment. In conclusion, feeding 18% microparticle protein with addition of 1.2 mL Lactobacillus sp. can improves blood status and increases broiler productivity.

scholarly journals Association between Dietary Cholesterol and Their Food Sources and Risk for Hypercholesterolemia: The 2012–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongjoo Cha ◽  
Yongsoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cholesterol Intake

It remains unclear whether cholesterol intake can increase serum cholesterol. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the risk for hypercholesterolemia was not associated with intake of dietary cholesterol after adjusting for saturated fatty acid (SFA). Based on the data from the 2012–2016 KNHANES, dietary cholesterol was positively associated with the risk for abnormalities in total cholesterol (TC) (odds ratio (OR): 1.153, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.995–1.337; p = 0.028) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR: 1.186, 95% CI: 1.019–1.382; p = 0.018) levels before adjusting for SFA; after adjusting for SFA, no significant associations were found between these variables. The mediation analysis showed that dietary cholesterol had no direct effects on the serum levels of TC and LDL-C; in contrast, SFA had significant indirect effects on the association between dietary cholesterol and serum levels of TC and LDL-C. Furthermore, processed meats, but not eggs and other meats, were positively associated with the risk for abnormalities in both TC (OR: 1.220, 95% CI: 1.083–1.374; p = 0.001) and LDL-C (OR: 1.193, 95% CI: 1.052–1.354; p = 0.004) levels. The present study suggested that higher intake of processed meats with high SFA, but not dietary cholesterol was associated with higher risk for abnormalities in TC and LDL-C levels.

scholarly journals Plasma lipid profile of mice fed diet supplemented with broiler fat

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Das ◽  
ME Hossain ◽  
MA Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile

This study was conducted with 180 female Swiss albino mice to examine the effects of supplementing broiler fat in the diets of mice on blood lipid profile. Twenty one days old mice were collected from ICDDRB, Mohakhali, Dhaka. They were randomly distributed in four groups having three replications each. Each replicate group had 15 mice. Results revealed that supplementation of broiler fat in mice diet significantly changed (p<0.05) triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) among groups. The control group (T0) had the highest level of cholesterol and LDL. Cholesterol, TG and LDL markedly increased (p<0.05) in all dietary treatment groups, while high density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly (p<0.01) decreased after supplementation of experimental diets. It was concluded that all the dietary treatments in general increased blood cholesterol, TG and LDL in mice fed broiler fat with different oil supplements. However, the soybean and palm oil group was comparatively better than other groups in respect of cholesterol, HDL and LDL at the blood lipid profile of mice. Therefore, it can be concluded that consumption of broiler fat with soybean and palm oil could be less harmful for mice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19380 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (1): 21-24

scholarly journals Validation of the Friedewald Formula in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Cholesterol ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Knopfholz ◽  
Caio César Diniz Disserol ◽  
Andressa Jardim Pierin ◽  
Fernanda Letícia Schirr ◽  
Larissa Streisky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Direct Assay ◽  
Friedewald Formula

Currently, the Friedewald formula (FF) is the main method for evaluating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Recently, many limitations have emerged regarding its use, including patients with triglyceride levels ≥400 mg/dL, diabetes mellitus, and kidney or hepatic chronic diseases. We analyzed the use of the FF in patients with metabolic syndrome. We selected patients with known metabolic syndrome that fulfilled the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report and excluded patients with triglyceride levels ≥400 mg/dL and chronic liver and/or kidney disease. Using direct assays, we measured total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-c. Then, LDL-c was estimated using the FF and compared with the LDL-c by direct assay. The sample size was 135 patients. Using the FF, the mean LDL-c value was 124.4±42.1 mg/dL; it was 125.1±38.5 mg/dL by direct assay. The correlation coefficient between these two methods was 0.89, with statistical significance (P  value<0.001). There were no significant differences between the patients with triglyceride levels >150 mg/dL (P=0.618). In conclusion, FF is a good method for estimating LDL-c in patients with metabolic syndrome.

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