A Framework on Enterprise-Grade Smart Contract Using Blockchain

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Krithika L. B. ◽  
Abhisek Mazumdar ◽  
Rajesh Kaluri ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cloud Storage ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
System A ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Character Code ◽  
Encryption Method

Blockchain technology is very trending and promising. It can revolutionize the traditional way of manipulation of data in many industries. There are industries which blockchain can disrupt: banking, cyber security, smart contract, insurance, cloud storage, government, healthcare, media streaming. The decentralized approach of blockchain using peer-to-peer system to verify the correct record of the ledger, which builds a trust in the system. A system can be compiled and made to get adopted with the concept of smart contract. The aim of the work is to develop a system that is flexible enough to get implemented in the industries like finance, cyber security, data storage, buying and selling of properties, healthcare, etc. This will use a one-way encryption method known as SHA-256. A block with the 256-character code bind with the other metadata of the block will be termed as a smart contract for the item.

A System Architecture for Data Storage in the Cloud

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hammami ◽  
Hatem Bellaaj
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Cloud Storage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Data Manager ◽  
And Storage

The Cloud storage is the most important issue today. This is due to a rapidly changing needs and a huge mass of varied and important data to back up. In this paper, we describe a work in progress and propose a flexible system architecture for data storage in the Cloud. This system is centered on the Data Manager module. This module provides various functions such as the dispersion of data in fragments, encryption and storage of fragments... etc. This architecture proves to be very relevant. It ensures consistency between different components. On the other hand, it ensures the security and availability of data.

Smart Contracts

2019 ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Brownsword
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Regulatory Purpose ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
Covering Law ◽  
Business To Business

The main purpose of this chapter is to sketch two principal ways in which lawyers are likely to engage with new transactional technologies (such as smart contract applications of blockchain technologies), each form of engagement being characterized by its own questions and conversations. Whereas one form of engagement, ‘coherentism’, focuses on the fit between particular new technologies and the covering law of contract, the other, ‘regulatory-instrumentalism’, focuses on whether the law (relative to particular new technologies) is fit for regulatory purpose. The sketch is refined by drawing further distinctions between ‘transactionalist’ and ‘relationalist’ variants of ‘coherentism’ and ‘rule-based’ and ‘technocratic’ variants of regulatory-instrumentalism. With a view to decoding legal debates about emerging transactional technologies, this sketch is then applied to questions concerning smart contracts in, respectively, business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and peer-to-peer transactions.

scholarly journals Blockchain-based Secure Big Data Storage on Cloud

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Cloud Storage ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Mobile Cloud ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Data Authentication ◽  
Big Data Storage

In the cryptocurrency era, Blockchain is one of the expeditiously growing information technologies that help in providing security to the data. Data tampering and authentication problems generally occur in centralized servers while sharing and storing the data. Blockchain provides the platform for big data and cloud storage in enhancing the security by evading from pernicious users. In this paper, we have discussed the exhaustive description of blockchain and its need, features and applications. Analysis of blockchain is done for different domains such as big data, cloud, internet of things and mobile cloud where the differences V’s are compared with big data and blockchain. SWOT (Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats) analysis is performed to address the merits and limitations in blockchain technology. The survey in aspects of data security, data storage, data sharing and data authentication through blockchain technology is done and the challenges are discussed to overcome the problem that leads in big data and cloud storage. The detailed comparative analysis proves that the blockchain technology overcomes the problems in big data storage and data security in cloud.

scholarly journals Vote Validation using Blockchain Technology: A Conceptual Use Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frankline Makokha
Keyword(s):  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Distributed Consensus ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Computing Technologies ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Clear Description

Blockchain Technology is one of the computing technologies touted to likely bring about disruption in ways people conduct their transactions. By design, blockchains are decentralized, peer to peer, distributed consensus, and have anonymity property thus eliminating the need for a central Authority. Blockchain has been widely used in crypto currencies, with other uses lip frogging at slower paces.  This paper explores the various uses cases that have been advanced for blockchain highlighting the shortcomings of the listed cases. The paper expounds more on usage of blockchain in electoral processes, analyzing existing voting use cases and identifying the shortcomings of the listed blockchain voting use cases. A more elaborate voting use case is conceptualized with clear description on how to generate Digital Votes, linked to a NONCE and previous Digital Votes. The process of vote validation is explained with the main component of the blockchain voting being highlighted as the Smart Contract.

scholarly journals Introduction to Blockchain and Cryptocurrenncy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhi Pitroda ◽  
Vraj Shah ◽  
Jinan Fiaidhi
Keyword(s):  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
High Security

In recent years blockchain technology has become mainstream research topic because of its decentralized, peer to peer transaction and anonymity properties. There are several applications of blockchain which are secure and easy as compare to the current techniques. One of the applications is a smart contract. Smart contracts are lines of code which are stored on a blockchain and automatically executed when the conditions defined by the it (developer) are met. This smart contract with the addition of blockchain technology can do task fast and with high security. In this paper we have developed a smart contract for a generalized notary application on solidity, Ethereum and the application is tested using the truffle suite. Furthermore, applications and their methodology for notary applications are also mentioned.

Consequent Formation in Security With Blockchain in Digital Transformation

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-144
Author(s):  
Shanthi Makka ◽  
Gagandeep Arora ◽  
B. B. Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
P2p Network ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Future ◽  
Digital Transactions

Blockchain technology makes use of a centralized, peer-to-peer (P2P) network of databases, also called nodes, to validate and record digital transactions between individual users located anywhere across the globe. These transactions often take place through the exchange of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoins, Ethereum, and Ripple, etc. The security and transparency that is inherently present in digital transactions place blockchain technology in high demand across various industrial applications. Each node updates its database in real-time as and when transactions occur. The transaction gets authorized only when a majority of the nodes in the network validate the transaction. Once the verification is complete, a block, consisting of hash and keys, is generated for each new transaction and is linked to previous transactions in every database. Every node updates its database with the new block. A hacker would have to break down every node in the system to commit fraud. Blockchain could play a major role in maintaining the cyber security of digital transactions in the future.

scholarly journals Combating Health Care Fraud and Abuse: Conceptualization and Prototyping Study of a Blockchain Antifraud Framework

10.2196/18623 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. e18623
Author(s):  
Tim Ken Mackey ◽  
Ken Miyachi ◽  
Danny Fung ◽  
Samson Qian ◽  
James Short
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Health Care Fraud ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Secure Data ◽  
Health Care Claims ◽  
Technical Framework

Background An estimated US $2.6 billion loss is attributed to health care fraud and abuse. With traditional health care claims verification and reimbursement, the health care provider submits a claim after rendering services to a patient, which is then verified and reimbursed by the payer. However, this process leaves out a critical stakeholder: the patient for whom the services are actually rendered. This lack of patient participation introduces a risk of fraud and abuse. Blockchain technology enables secure data management with transparency, which could mitigate this risk of health care fraud and abuse. Objective The aim of this study is to develop a framework using blockchain to record claims data and transactions in an immutable format and to enable the patient to act as a validating node to help detect and prevent health care fraud and abuse. Methods We developed a health care fraud and abuse blockchain technical framework and prototype using key blockchain tools and application layers including consensus algorithms, smart contracts, tokens, and governance based on digital identity on the Ethereum platform (Ethereum Foundation). Results Our technical framework maps to the claims adjudication process and focuses on Medicare claims, with the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) as the central authority. A prototype of the framework system was developed using the blockchain platform Ethereum (Ethereum Foundation), with its design features, workflow, smart contract functions, system architecture, and software implementation outlined. The software stack used to build the system consisted of a front-end user interface framework, a back-end processing server, and a blockchain network. React was used for the user interface framework, and NodeJS and an Express server were used for the back-end processing server; Solidity was the smart contract language used to interact with a local Ethereum blockchain network. Conclusions The proposed framework and the initial prototype have the potential to improve the health care claims process by using blockchain technology for secure data storage and consensus mechanisms, which make the claims adjudication process more patient-centric for the purposes of identifying and preventing health care fraud and abuse. Future work will focus on the use of synthetic or historic CMS claims data to assess the real-world viability of the framework.

scholarly journals Analysis of Load Balancing Techniques in Cloud Computing

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 737-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Sidhu ◽  
Supriya Kinger
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Load Balancing ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Cloud Storage ◽  
Job Scheduling ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
System A ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Scalable Network

Cloud Computing is an emerging computing paradigm. It aims to share data, calculations, and service transparently over a scalable network of nodes. Since Cloud computing stores the data and disseminated resources in the open environment. So, the amount of data storage increases quickly. In the cloud storage, load balancing is a key issue. It would consume a lot of cost to maintain load information, since the system is too huge to timely disperse load. Load balancing is one of the main challenges in cloud computing which is required to distribute the dynamic workload across multiple nodes to ensure that no single node is overwhelmed. It helps in optimal utilization of resources and hence in enhancing the performance of the system. A few existing scheduling algorithms can maintain load balancing and provide better strategies through efficient job scheduling and resource allocation techniques as well. In order to gain maximum profits with optimized load balancing algorithms, it is necessary to utilize resources efficiently. This paper discusses some of the existing load balancing algorithms in cloud computing and also their challenges.

SlimChain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2314-2326
Author(s):  
Cheng Xu ◽  
Ce Zhang ◽  
Jianliang Xu ◽  
Jian Pei
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Processing ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
System Security ◽  
Total Order ◽  
Transaction Data ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Integrity Assurance

Blockchain technology has emerged as the cornerstone of many decentralized applications operating among otherwise untrusted peers. However, it is well known that existing blockchain systems do not scale well. Transactions are often executed and committed sequentially in order to maintain the same view of the total order. Furthermore, it is necessary to duplicate both transaction data and their executions in every node in the blockchain network for integrity assurance. Such storage and computation requirements put significant burdens on the blockchain system, not only limiting system scalability but also undermining system security and robustness by making the network more centralized. To tackle these problems, in this paper, we propose SlimChain, a novel blockchain system that scales transactions through off-chain storage and parallel processing. Advocating a stateless design, SlimChain maintains only the short commitments of ledger states on-chain while dedicating transaction executions and data storage to off-chain nodes. To realize SlimChain, we propose new schemes for off-chain smart contract execution, on-chain transaction validation, and state commitment. We also propose optimizations to reduce network transmissions and a new sharding technique to improve system scalability further. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed SlimChain system. Compared with the existing systems, SlimChain reduces the on-chain storage requirements by 97% ~ 99%, while also improving the peak throughput by 1.4× ~ 15.6×.

scholarly journals An Ethereum bill of lading under the UNCITRAL MLETR

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-274
Author(s):  
Niels-Philip Abdellatif
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Bill Of Lading ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Model Law

The paper bill of lading remains pervasive despite numerous problems associated with its form. Blockchain heralds change as it allows unique tokens to be possessed and traded peer-to-peer instantaneously over the internet without the need for a trusted central administrator. Blockchain furthermore promises to ease processes thanks to its applicability in smart contracting procedures. The Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR), passed by UNCITRAL in 2017, provides the relevant legal framework for legal protection of the blockchain bill of lading. This paper proposes Ethereum as a viable smart contract-enabled blockchain platform for a bill of lading system and examines said system’s compatibility with the MLETR. The analysis also shows that blockchain technology may have significant consequences for the ‘control’ approach for establishing possession of an electronic transferable record.

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