scholarly journals Vote Validation using Blockchain Technology: A Conceptual Use Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frankline Makokha
Keyword(s):  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Distributed Consensus ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Computing Technologies ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Clear Description

Blockchain Technology is one of the computing technologies touted to likely bring about disruption in ways people conduct their transactions. By design, blockchains are decentralized, peer to peer, distributed consensus, and have anonymity property thus eliminating the need for a central Authority. Blockchain has been widely used in crypto currencies, with other uses lip frogging at slower paces.  This paper explores the various uses cases that have been advanced for blockchain highlighting the shortcomings of the listed cases. The paper expounds more on usage of blockchain in electoral processes, analyzing existing voting use cases and identifying the shortcomings of the listed blockchain voting use cases. A more elaborate voting use case is conceptualized with clear description on how to generate Digital Votes, linked to a NONCE and previous Digital Votes. The process of vote validation is explained with the main component of the blockchain voting being highlighted as the Smart Contract.

A Study of Use Cases for Smart Contracts Using Blockchain Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1823-1844
Author(s):  
S R Mani Sekhar ◽  
Siddesh G M ◽  
Swapnil Kalra ◽  
Shaswat Anand
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Digital Identity ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Healthcare Finance ◽  
Natural Disaster Management

Blockchain technology is an emerging and rapidly growing technology in the current world scenario. It is a collection of records connected through cryptography. They play a vital role in smart contracts. Smart contracts are present in blockchains which are self-controlled and trustable. It can be integrated across various domains like healthcare, finance, self-sovereign identity, governance, logistics management and home care, etc. The purpose of this article is to analyze the various use cases of smart contracts in different domains and come up with a model which may be used in the future. Subsequently, a detailed description of a smart contract and blockchain is provided. Next, different case-studies related to five different domains is discussed with the help of use case diagrams. Finally, a solution for natural disaster management has been proposed by integrating smart contract, digital identity, policies and blockchain technologies, which can be used effectively for providing relief to victims during times of natural disaster.

A Study of Use Cases for Smart Contracts Using Blockchain Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Mani Sekhar ◽  
Siddesh G M ◽  
Swapnil Kalra ◽  
Shaswat Anand
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Healthcare Finance ◽  
Natural Disaster Management

Blockchain technology is an emerging and rapidly growing technology in the current world scenario. It is a collection of records connected through cryptography. They play a vital role in smart contracts. Smart contracts are present in blockchains which are self-controlled and trustable. It can be integrated across various domains like healthcare, finance, self-sovereign identity, governance, logistics management and home care, etc. The purpose of this article is to analyze the various use cases of smart contracts in different domains and come up with a model which may be used in the future. Subsequently, a detailed description of a smart contract and blockchain is provided. Next, different case-studies related to five different domains is discussed with the help of use case diagrams. Finally, a solution for natural disaster management has been proposed by integrating smart contract, digital identity, policies and blockchain technologies, which can be used effectively for providing relief to victims during times of natural disaster.

scholarly journals Introduction to Blockchain and Cryptocurrenncy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhi Pitroda ◽  
Vraj Shah ◽  
Jinan Fiaidhi
Keyword(s):  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
High Security

In recent years blockchain technology has become mainstream research topic because of its decentralized, peer to peer transaction and anonymity properties. There are several applications of blockchain which are secure and easy as compare to the current techniques. One of the applications is a smart contract. Smart contracts are lines of code which are stored on a blockchain and automatically executed when the conditions defined by the it (developer) are met. This smart contract with the addition of blockchain technology can do task fast and with high security. In this paper we have developed a smart contract for a generalized notary application on solidity, Ethereum and the application is tested using the truffle suite. Furthermore, applications and their methodology for notary applications are also mentioned.

Developing a framework for considering blockchain pilots in the supply chain – lessons from early industry adopters

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remko van Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Purpose There is a lot of interest in blockchain technology in the supply chain, but to date, there is little empirical research to support managerial decision-making. Verhoeven et al. (2018) suggested five screens for ensuring mindful development of use cases for blockchain in the supply chain. This paper aims to extend the Verhoeven et al.’s (2018) framework and empirical research beyond the use case stage into the pilot stage. Design/methodology/approach Three case studies in different industries (logistics services, consumer products and retail), supply chain positions (manufacturer, carrier, and retailer) and geographies (Europe and USA) are conducted to explore lessons learned by early adopters of blockchain technology in the supply chain. Findings The case studies indicate that the Verhoeven et al.’s (2018) screens, with one added screen, are helpful in considering “what to adopt.” Based on the insights from the case studies, it is also possible to develop pilot design considerations that can inform “where to start.” Lessons learned include that there is value in scoping pilots in a targeted manner, including the use of existing technology in the pilot (as opposed to replacing existing technology) and that there is the ability to start a pilot fast, provided the existence of executive and stakeholder engagement. Practical implications In addition to the need to be being mindful in considering what use case for blockchain in the supply chain to potentially adopt, mindful consideration of blockchain technology in the supply chain extends into the design of pilots. Six specific design considerations are offered. Originality/value Based on the insights from early adopters in industry, the author extends guidance for the mindful adoption of blockchain in the supply chain beyond the development of use cases, into the design of actual pilots. These insights directly address calls for research from literature (including from Dobrovnik et al., 2018 and Ferdows, 2018).

scholarly journals Blockchain HIE Overview: A Framework for Healthcare Interoperability

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennan Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Public Key Encryption ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Audit Trail ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Security Verification

Data stored in a blockchain is immutable and available for access by separate parties. The excellent potential residing in this technology includes security, verification, and expanded data management for healthcare records, making it ideal for a new interoperability standard. As it stands today, public blockchain technology (i.e. Bitcoin) is a secure P2P (peer-to-peer) ledger system that uses public key encryption to protect information. Once entries are created on the chain, they are immutable, making blockchain ideal for storing permanent records. Because of this, authorized members of a network are confident of their data's authenticity within the encrypted chains. The shared ledger structure provides an immutable audit trail for every transaction. In healthcare, organizations can create authenticated records and entries without needing a central authority. Each link in the chain verifies the next, traceable back to what’s called the Genesis block, a.k.a. the first block in the chain ever created.    

scholarly journals Challenges and Approaches to Regulating Decentralized Finance

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 425-429
Author(s):  
Iwa Salami
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Peer Interactions ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Internet Connectivity ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Full Control

Decentralized finance (DeFi) is an ecosystem of financial applications that are built on top of blockchain networks. DeFi aims to create an open-source, permissionless, and transparent financial system that operates without any central authority. Instead, a smart contract—which is a self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement between transacting parties written into lines of code—replaces financial institutions in the transaction. As a result, DeFi is available to everyone with reliable access to electricity and Internet connectivity. It also serves as a form of non-custodial finance since users maintain full control of their assets and transact through smart contract programs that facilitate peer-to-peer interactions. While DeFi presents huge opportunities, it also poses significant risks to traditional finance ecosystems, including the use of stablecoins and the absence of a know-your-customer framework. This essay argues that for DeFi to secure credibility, it needs to be adequately regulated in a way that aligns with how the technology works.

scholarly journals A use case centric survey of Blockchain: status quo and future directions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinath Perera ◽  
Frank Leymann ◽  
Paul Fremantle
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Potential Outcomes ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
To Come ◽  
Level Of Effort

This paper presents an assessment of blockchain technology based on the Emerging Technology Analysis Canvas (ETAC) to evaluate the drivers and potential outcomes. The ETAC is a framework to critically analyze emerging technologies. The assessment finds that blockchain can fundamentally transform the world. It is ready for specific applications in use cases such as digital currency, lightweight financial systems, ledgers, provenance, and disintermediation. However, Blockchain faces significant technical gaps in other use cases and needs at least 5-10 years to come to full fruition in those spaces. Sustaining the current level of effort (e.g. startups, research) for this period of time may be challenging. We also find that the need and merits of decentralized infrastructures compared to centralized and semi-centralized alternatives is not always clear. Given the risk involved and significant potential returns, we recommend a cautiously optimistic approach to blockchain with the focus on concrete use cases. The primary contributions of this paper are a use case centric categorization of the blockchain, a detailed discussion on challenges faced by those categories, and an assessment of their future.

scholarly journals Article A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail ◽  
Materwala
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Distributed Databases ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Future Research Directions

Over the last decade, blockchain technology has emerged to provide solutions to thecomplexity and privacy challenges of using distributed databases. It reduces cost for customers byeliminating intermediaries and builds trust in peer-to-peer communications. Over this time, theconcept of blockchain has shifted greatly due to its potential in business growth for enterprisesand the rapidly evolving applications in a collaborative smart-city ecosystem, healthcare, andgovernance. Many platforms, with different architectures and consensus protocols, have beenintroduced. Consequently, it becomes challenging for an application developer to choose the rightplatform. Furthermore, blockchain has misaligned with the goals for an efficient green collaborativedigital ecosystem. Therefore, it becomes critical to address this gap and to build new frameworks toalign blockchain with those goals. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of blockchain architectureand consensus protocols, bringing a retrospective analysis and discussing the rationale of theevolution of the various architectures and protocols, as well as capturing the assumptions conduciveto their development and contributions to building collaborative applications. We introduce aclassification of those architectures helping developers to choose a suitable platform for applicationsand providing insights for future research directions in the field to build new frameworks.

scholarly journals An Ethereum bill of lading under the UNCITRAL MLETR

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-274
Author(s):  
Niels-Philip Abdellatif
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Bill Of Lading ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Model Law

The paper bill of lading remains pervasive despite numerous problems associated with its form. Blockchain heralds change as it allows unique tokens to be possessed and traded peer-to-peer instantaneously over the internet without the need for a trusted central administrator. Blockchain furthermore promises to ease processes thanks to its applicability in smart contracting procedures. The Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR), passed by UNCITRAL in 2017, provides the relevant legal framework for legal protection of the blockchain bill of lading. This paper proposes Ethereum as a viable smart contract-enabled blockchain platform for a bill of lading system and examines said system’s compatibility with the MLETR. The analysis also shows that blockchain technology may have significant consequences for the ‘control’ approach for establishing possession of an electronic transferable record.

scholarly journals Smart Contract for Decentralized Water Management System using Blockchain Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2046-2050
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Management System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Peer Network

There is A finite amount of portable water which is decreasing day by day. Rapid degradation of useful water on earth results in an unkind impact on livelihood. In future, people may have to face (DAY 0) problem therefore, conservation of water is essential. A solution has been proposed to this problem that is “decentralized water management system” using blockchain technology. Blockchain technology can help to use water more efficiently so that every household can lend/borrow the required/extra water from its peer household in the network. In this research work, water ledger architecture has been proposed. This architecture can serve as the basis for Blockchain implementation which can help inbuilding transparency in the water management system with the ultimate goal of Water Conservation. To purpose a system architecture that meets the “demand and supply” of all consumers in a peer-to-peer network so that water can be conserved. A smart contract has been written for transactions (P2P network of 10 household) using Ethereum as a platform. A web interface is created for consumers. Hence, the overall objective is to create a smart water management system for 10 households using blockchain technology to conserve water by medium of sharing water among peer-to-peer as per their needs.

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