Marker-Assisted Breeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-83
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Breeding Objectives

Advancement in sequencing technologies has contributed towards identification and development of different types of molecular markers. Molecular plant breeding has contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of molecular markers and their role in identifying the genetic diversity within the crop plants. Marker-assisted breeding is basically the application of molecular markers, in combination with linkage maps and genomics, to alter and improve plant traits on the basis of genotypic assay. Several modern plant breeding strategies were developed which include marker-assisted selection (MAS), marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC), marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS), and genome-wide selection (GWS) or genome selection (GS). The selection of right type of molecular markers is usually dependent on the breeding objectives. Similarly, selection strategies of molecular markers for qualitative and quantitative characters may differ. The procedure followed for marker assisted selection under various breeding objectives and conditions, for qualitative and quantitative traits are discussed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Insights into Marker Assisted Selection and Its Applications in Plant Breeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Kumawat ◽  
Chander Kanta Kumawat ◽  
Kailash Chandra ◽  
Saurabh Pandey ◽  
Subhash Chand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Germplasm Diversity

Burgeoning the human population with its required food demand created a burden on ever-decreasing cultivated land and our food production systems. This situation prompted plant scientists to breed crops in a short duration with specific traits. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) has emerged as a potential tool to achieve desirable results in plants with the help of molecular markers and improves the traits of interest in a short duration. The MAS has comprehensively been used in plant breeding to characterize germplasm, diversity analysis, trait stacking, gene pyramiding, multi-trait introgression, and genetic purity of different cereals, pulses, oilseeds, and fiber crops, etc. Mapping studies pointed out several marker-trait associations from different crop species, which specifies the potential application of MAS in accelerating crop improvement. This chapter presents an overview of molecular markers, their genesis, and potential use in plant breeding.

scholarly journals Role of Molecular Markers in Crop Breeding: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajitha Jayakumar Nair ◽  
Manoj Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Entire Genome

Molecular markers are effective tools used to ‘flag’ the location of a specific gene or the inheritance of a definite trait. Markers are unique DNA fragments that can be identified inside the entire genome. The development of molecular markers combined with high throughput technologies have paved the way for achieving the desirable traits as well as induced biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plant, which enhanced the crop breeding. Highly polymorphic molecular markers are developed for gene mapping, estimation of genetic diversity, finding out the evolution and phylogeny of crop, analysis of heterosis, assessment of diploid/haploid crops and genotyping of cultivars along with Marker Assisted Breeding (MAB)/Marker Assisted Selection (MAS). These are the most significant objectives for crop breeding. This review reveals about the role of various recently developed molecular markers in the improvement of crop. Molecular markers act as a “milestone” for the researchers who aim to enhance crop breeding.

scholarly journals Marker-assisted selection for quantitative traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (spe) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection For

Although thousands of scientific articles have been published on the subject of marker-assisted selection (MAS) and quantitative trait loci (QTL), the application of MAS for QTL in plant breeding has been restricted. Among the main causes for this limited use are the low accuracy of QTL mapping and the high costs of genotyping thousands of plants with tens or hundreds of molecular markers in routine breeding programs. Recently, new large-scale genotyping technologies have resulted in a cost reduction. Nevertheless, the MAS for QTL has so far been limited to selection programs using several generations per year, where phenotypic selection cannot be performed in all generations, mainly in recurrent selection programs. Methods of MAS for QTL in breeding programs using self-pollination have been developed.

scholarly journals Confirmation of Rpp Genes Conferring Resistance to Asian Soybean Rust and Mapping of Rpp1 Allele from PI 594723

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Meira ◽  
Vinícius de B. Bez Batti ◽  
Leomar G. Woyann ◽  
Anderson Simionato Milioli ◽  
Antonio Henrique Bozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
Resistant Sources ◽  
Kasp Markers

Abstract In this study, we aim to develop and validate KASP molecular markers in soybean populations for Asian soybean rust (ASR) resistance gene Rpp1 (PI 200492, PI 594538A, PI 587880A), identify the gene hypothetically present in PI 594723, and validate KASP markers for Rpp2 (PI 230970), Rpp3 (PI 506764), Rpp4 (PI 459025A), and Rpp5 (PI 506764, PI 200487). Ten F2 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) populations derived from crosses between rust-susceptible (55I57RSF IPRO, 63I64RSF IPRO) x rust-resistant sources (PI 200492, PI 594738A, PI 587880A, PI 594723, PI 230970, PI 506764, PI 459025A and PI 200487) were evaluated. All F2 plants were individually evaluated in field conditions for ASR phenotypic reactions, classified according to sporulation level. SNP markers were developed according to markers associated with Rpp genes available at the SoyBase, using KASP methodology. Based on a slight difference in map position and different phenotypic disease reactions of PI 200492, the authors suggest that PI 594723 carries a resistance gene Rpp1-b. The Rpp1-b gene from PI 594723 was mapped in Chr 18 in a 12.4 cM region. The PIs carrying Rpp1-b (PI 594723, PI 587880A, and 594538A) showed strong resistance to ASR compared to the lines carrying Rpp1 (PI 200492). A total of 26 KASP markers were significantly associated (P < 0.01) with ASR. Among those, M1, M5 and M6 (Rpp1), M13 and M14 (Rpp2), M16, M17 and M20 (Rpp3), M25 and M26 (Rpp4), and M27 and M28 (Rpp5) have the potential to be used in marker-assisted selection strategies.

Bioinformatics tools and Databases for Genomics Assisted Breeding and Population Genetics of Plants: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Babasaheb Aglawe ◽  
Amit Kumar Verma ◽  
Atul Kumar Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Sequencing Technologies

Genomics is the study of complete genetic material of an organism. It would not be an exaggeration to say that we are at the peak of genomics era as with the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies we have an enormous amount of genomic data coming every day. Genomics assisted breeding (GAB) is becoming increasingly popular in the field of crop improvement. GAB utilizes available genomics information of different crops and their relatives for the purpose of plant breeding to produce improved varieties of the crops. Proper knowledge of these tools and databases helps in speeding up the process of plant breeding. The available tools can be categorize in several groups such as: genetic diversity, Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL)/gene mapping, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) based Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, Molecular breeding, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), Genomic Selection (GS), Marker Assisted Recurrent Selection (MARS), Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) etc. Most of the available tools are user friendly and where it is not, needs to be updated soon. There is an urgent need of the hour to develop the scientific resources and technical expertise for the proper and effective use of these tools. In this review, we have extensively covered the available tools and databases for the genomic assisted breeding and population genetics study of the plants. The details of these tools and databases along with their web links are also provided. We believe this review will be handy and useful for the scientists and researches of plant breeding, population genetics and genomics.

Statistical analysis and molecular markers in plant breeding for heterosis (review)

2014 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Chesnokov ◽  
◽  
N.V. Kocherina ◽  
A.M. Artemyeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Plant Breeding

scholarly journals Marker-assisted breeding for Downy mildew, Powderey mildew and Phylloxera resistance at FEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Silvia Vezzulli ◽  
Chiara Dolzani ◽  
Daniela Nicolini ◽  
Paola Bettinelli ◽  
Daniele Migliaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Sono Stati

Il programma di miglioramento genetico per le resistenze a stress biotici ha avuto inizio presso la Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM) nel 2010. Inizialmente è stata condotta una caratterizzazione sia genotipica che fenotipica di materiali acquisiti da altri programmi di breeding e di materiale selvatico raccolto in New Jersey. Sia i genotipi conosciuti nei database internazionali che i genotipi sconosciuti, imparentati e non, sono stati impiegati come linee parentali nel processo di introgressione e di piramidazione di loci di interesse. Una volta pianificati e ottenuti gli incroci, la valutazione delle progenie è avvenuta seguendo un processo di Marker-Assisted Selection: dapprima è avvenuta la selezione fenotipica in serra in base al tipo di malattia e al numero di loci attesi per la medesima malattia; successivamente si è proceduto con lo screening molecolare in base ai loci specifici attesi nei parentali. Cinque sono i loci Run/Ren associati alla resistenza all'oidio presenti nel programma FEM; riguardo ai loci associati alla resistenza alla peronospora, quattro Rpv sono ben rappresentati nel piano di incroci. Ad oggi il 26% delle F1 è piramidizzato per quattro loci di resistenza.

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