Role of Urban Vegetation

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-251
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashar Ayub ◽  
Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi ◽  
Wajid Umar ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Zahoor Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Urban Vegetation ◽  
World Population ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Urban Heat

Increasing world population is the main reason behind rapid urbanization which is coupled with environmental pollutions (i.e., air, water, soil, noise, and atmospheric pollution). Urbanization is responsible for deteriorating living standards and quality of life for humans in major metropolitan cities around the world. The urban ecosystem leaves a major impact on world renewable resources and carbon footprint. Urban vegetation and forests can help in net balancing and buffering of immense pollutant surge intro urban ecosystems being done due to urbanization. Extensive urbanization is responsible for more and more wastewater and gaseous pollutant release in the environment which urban forests can help tackle effectively. Moreover, city vegetation also plays a critical role in decreasing city surface temperatures thus helping shrinkage of the urban heat island. The present draft presents the role of urban vegetation in effective management and buffering of urban microclimate.

Deliberation in Communication Studies

2018 ◽  
pp. 501-517
Author(s):  
John Gastil ◽  
Laura Black
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Public Sphere

The discipline of communication encompasses a broad spectrum of humanistic, interpretive, and social scientific approaches to studying public deliberation. Early work engaged Habermasian theories of the public sphere, and rhetorical scholarship has foregrounded the deliberative threads running back to the discipline’s earliest history in ancient Greece. The bulk of contemporary work, however, has examined the dynamics of deliberation, particularly in the context of face-to-face discussions and dialogues in small groups. These studies have revealed the importance of narrative and dialogic exchanges during deliberation, as well as the critical role of facilitation and the maintenance of deliberative norms. Research has also assessed the practical consequences of participating in deliberation. The discipline’s practical orientation has led some scholars to seek ways to optimize deliberative designs to maximize simultaneously the quality of their decision outputs and their civic impacts on participants.

Hybrid Image Segmentation Within a Computer Vision Hierarchy

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Ray Thomas ◽  
Fariborz Zahedi
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Segmentation Approach ◽  
Edge Based

Hybrid image segmentation within a computer vision hierarchy A generic model of a computer vision system is presented which highlights the critical role of image segmentation. A hybrid segmentation approach, utilising both edge-based and region-based techniques, is proposed for improved quality of segmentation. An image segmentation architecture is outlined and test results are presented and discussed.

Reducing overuse by recognising the unintended harms of good intentions

2019 ◽  
pp. bmjebm-2019-111247
Author(s):  
David Slawson ◽  
Allen F Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Hierarchy Of Evidence ◽  
Healthcare Interventions

Overdiagnosis and overtreatment—overuse—is gaining wide acceptance as a leading nosocomial intervention in medicine. Not only does overuse create anxiety and diminish patients’ quality of life, in some cases it causes harm to both patients and others not directly involved in clinical care. Reducing overuse begins with the recognition and acceptance of the potential for unintended harm of our best intentions. In this paper, we introduce five cases to illustrate where harm can occur as the result of well-intended healthcare interventions. With this insight, clinicians can learn to appreciate the critical role of probability-based, evidence-informed decision-making in medicine and the need to consider the outcomes for all who may be affected by their actions. Likewise, educators need to evolve medical education and medical decision-making so that it focuses on the hierarchy of evidence and that what ‘ought to work’, based on traditional pathophysiological, disease-focused reasoning, should be subordinate to what ‘does work’.

Outcome Data and Quality: The Critical Role of Policy

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Russell Renhard
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Clinical Level

Health outcomes data are a major focus of the Australian health policy debate and the national research agenda. There is general agreement that health outcomes data should be collected. Outcomes data have been shown to be a powerful stimulant to service quality at the clinical level. It is argued here that policy which places health outcomes data at the centre of resource allocation and competitive cost control strategies is likely to undermine its capacity to stimulate quality at the clinical level. Policy is needed to support the role of health outcomes data so that it is relevant to clinicians and is seen as being fundamental to quality improvement processes at the organisational level. Governments and other funding bodies require that services be accountable for the quality of their services. By using health outcomes data this quality guarantee can be based on evidence that the data are analysed routinely and, where appropriate, clinical services are modified and improved. Without this clear role for health outcomes data, they may become yet another ‘top-down’ accountability tool that has little relevance to clinicians and therefore loses its value as a stimulant to quality improvement.

Informatics for Patient Safety: A Nursing Research Perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Bakken
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Quality Of Health Care ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
National Framework

In Crossing the Quality Chasm, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America identified the critical role of information technology in designing a health system that produces care that is “safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable” (Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, 2001, p. 164). A subsequent IOM report contends that improved information systems are essential to a new health care delivery system that “both prevents errors and learns from them when they occur” (Committee on Data Standards for Patient Safety, 2004, p. 1). This review specifically highlights the role of informatics processes and information technology in promoting patient safety and summarizes relevant nursing research. First, the components of an informatics infrastructure for patient safety are described within the context of the national framework for delivering consumer-centric and information-rich health care and using the National Health Information Infrastructure (NHII) (Thompson & Brailer, 2004). Second, relevant nursing research is summarized; this includes research studies that contributed to the development of selected infrastructure components as well as studies specifically focused on patient safety. Third, knowledge gaps and opportunities for nursing research are identified for each main topic. The health information technologies deployed as part of the national framework must support nursing practice in a manner that enables prevention of medical errors and promotion of patient safety and contributes to the development of practice-based nursing knowledge as well as best practices for patient safety. The seminal work that has been completed to date is necessary, but not sufficient, to achieve this objective.

scholarly journals Hand hygiene implementation: an easy step to improve public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Fankhauser-Rodriguez ◽  
Chloé Guitart ◽  
Didier Pittet
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Nurse Staffing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Nurses And Midwives ◽  
Trained Nurse

The World Health Organization has declared 2020 the “Year of the Nurse and Midwife”. On May 5th of this year, for the annual celebration of the SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands campaign, the WHO highlighted the critical role of nurses and midwives in promoting public health. Increasing well-trained nurse staffing will enable nurses and midwives to improve quality of care and prevent infections. The implications for improved nursing and health policy are many. Investing in nurses ensures better care for patients, reduces infections and the economic burden of healthcare-associated infections on countries' economies.

Introduction to the Special Issue: Understanding the Direct Support Workforce in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
Carol B. Laws ◽  
Amy S. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Full Inclusion ◽  
Direct Support ◽  
Direct Support Professionals ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract This special issue on the direct support workforce highlights the critical role of the direct support workforce in the quality of life of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States. Although there is increasing demand for this workforce, challenges in the recruitment, training, and retention of direct support professionals (DSPs) threatens the safety, health, and full inclusion of people with IDD living in the community. This special issue brings to the forefront current research to understand this workforce and their importance and to consider strategies to address the complex challenges facing DSPs so that people with disabilities can live and thrive in their communities.

scholarly journals Education and inclusive growth in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Adeniyi ◽  
Patricia Iyore Ajayi ◽  
Abdulfatai Adekunle Adedeji
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

PurposeMany West African countries face the challenge of growth inclusiveness. The region is also facing challenges of equipping its teeming population with high-quality skills despite many reforms and initiatives introduced in the past. This study, thus, identifies education as a crucial contributory factor to growth inclusiveness in the region. It, therefore, examined the role of education in growth inclusiveness in West Africa between 1990 and 2017.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilised different proxies to capture quantity and quality dimensions of education. The unit root and ARDL “Bounds” tests were employed at a preliminary stage. Based on the preliminary tests, the study explored autoregressive distributed lags modelling technique to capture the short-run and long-run dynamic effects.FindingsThe empirical results reveal a positive impact of school enrolment measures in most of the countries in both short-run and long-run. Education quality measure exerts positive impact and significant in few countries under consideration.Practical implicationsThese countries should give adequate attention to quality when designing education policy to foster their inclusive growth.Originality/valueThis study highlights the critical role of education in the inclusive growth pursuit. Education quantity is important to growth inclusiveness but the quality of education is more fundamental. The quality of education possessed determine to a large extent, what individual can contribute to the productive activities within the economy and accessibility to benefits from economic prosperity.

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