Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure on the Distribution Network Power Quality

2022 ◽  
pp. 114-132
Author(s):  
Gagandeep Sharma ◽  
Vijay K. Sood
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Charging Stations

This chapter discusses the available charging systems for electric vehicles (EV) which include battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plugged hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). These architectures are categorized as common DC bus charging (CDCB) station and common AC bus charging (CACB) station. CACB charging stations are generally used as slow chargers or semi-fast chargers (on-board chargers). CDCB charging stations are used as fast chargers (off-board chargers). These chargers are vital to popularize the electric vehicles (EVs) as a green alternative to the internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Further, this chapter covers the power quality problems related to the grid-connected fast charging stations (FCS), AC-DC converter, control strategies for converters, proposed system of architectures, methodology, system results with comparisons, and finally, a conclusion.

scholarly journals Simulation of Future Electric Vehicle Charging Behavior—Effects of Transition from PHEV to FEV

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igna Vermeulen ◽  
Jurjen Rienk Helmus ◽  
Mike Lees ◽  
Robert van den Hoed
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Infrastructure Performance ◽  
Charging Stations

The Netherlands is a frontrunner in the field of public charging infrastructure, having one of the highest number of public charging stations per electric vehicle (EV) in the world. During the early years of adoption (2012–2015), a large percentage of the EV fleet were plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) due to the subsidy scheme at that time. With an increasing number of full electric vehicles (FEVs) on the market and a current subsidy scheme for FEVs only, a transition of the EV fleet from PHEV to FEV is expected. This is hypothesized to have an effect on the charging behavior of the complete fleet, and is reason to understand better how PHEVs and FEVs differ in charging behavior and how this impacts charging infrastructure usage. In this paper, the effects of the transition of PHEV to FEV is simulated by extending an existing agent-based model. Results show important effects of this transition on charging infrastructure performance.

scholarly journals A Review of Extremely Fast Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7566
Author(s):  
Naireeta Deb ◽  
Rajendra Singh ◽  
Richard R. Brooks ◽  
Kevin Bai
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Technology Gaps ◽  
Charging Stations

The expansion of electric vehicles made the expansion of charging infrastructure rudimentary to keep up with this developing technology that helps people in a myriad of ways. The main drawback in electric vehicle charging, however, is the time consumed to charge a vehicle. The fast charging of electric vehicles solves this problem thus making it a lucrative technology for consumers. However, the fast charging technology is not without its limitations. In this paper we have identified the technology gaps in EV fast charging stations mostly focused on the extremely fast charging topology. It will help pave a path for researchers to direct their effort in a consolidated manner to contribute to the fast charging infrastructure. A thorough review of all aspects and limitations of existing extremely fast charging (XFC) stations have been identified and supporting data are provided. The importance of DC power network based on free fuel energy sources and silicon carbide-based power electronics are proposed to provide ultra-low cost and ultra-high speed XFC stations.

scholarly journals Electric vehicle charging – aspects of power quality and electromagnetic compatibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Aleksander Chudy ◽  
Henryka Danuta Stryczewska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Charging Stations

Electromobility is becoming an increasingly popular topic mostly thanks to its positive environmental impact. Replacing combustion engine cars with electric vehicles seems to be a matter of time. Electric cars have many advantages, but their impact on a power quality must be taken into consideration. The article describes current status of electromobility and problems related to the influence of charging stations on a power system. The issue of standardisation of electromagnetic compatibility requirements for charging stations is also discussed.

scholarly journals Deploying Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Considering Time Cost and Existing Infrastructure

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Qiao ◽  
Kaisheng Huang ◽  
Johannes Jeub ◽  
Jianan Qian ◽  
Yizhou Song
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Service Areas ◽  
Harsh Criticism ◽  
The Right ◽  
Charging Stations

Under the challenge of climate change, fuel-based vehicles have been receiving increasingly harsh criticism. To promote the use of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) as an alternative, many researchers have studied the deployment of BEVs. This paper proposes a new method to choose locations for new BEV charging stations considering drivers’ perceived time cost and the existing infrastructure. We construct probability equations to estimate drivers’ demanding time for charging (and waiting to charge), use the Voronoi diagram to separate the study area (i.e., Shanghai) into service areas, and apply an optimization algorithm to deploy the charging stations in the right locations. The results show that (1) the probability of charging at public charging stations is 39.6%, indicating BEV drivers prefer to charge at home; (2) Shanghai’s central area and two airports have the busiest charging stations, but drivers’ time costs are relatively low; and (3) our optimization algorithm successfully located two new charging stations surrounding the central area, matching with our expectations. This study provides a time-efficient way to decide where to build new charging stations to improve the existing infrastructure.

scholarly journals Perceived Usage Potential of Fast-Charging Locations

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Krause ◽  
Stefan Ladwig ◽  
Lotte Saupp ◽  
Denis Horn ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Business Perspective ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
User Perspectives ◽  
Model Point

Fast-charging infrastructure with charging time of 20–30 min can help minimizing current perceived limitations of electric vehicles, especially considering the unbalanced and incomprehensive distribution of charging options combined with a long perceived charging time. Positioned on optimal location from user and business perspective, the technology is assumed to help increasing the usage of an electric vehicle (EV). Considering the user perspectives, current and potential EV users were interviewed in two different surveys about optimal fast-charging locations depending on travel purposes and relevant location criteria. The obtained results show that customers prefer to rather charge at origins and destinations than during the trip. For longer distances, charging locations on axes with attractive points of interest are also considered as optimal. From the business model point of view, fast-charging stations at destinations are controversial. The expensive infrastructure and the therefore needed large number of charging sessions are in conflict with the comparatively time consuming stay.

scholarly journals Latvian Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Infrastructure: Results of the First Year of Operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Aivars Rubenis ◽  
Aigars Laizans ◽  
Andra Zvirbule
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
First Year ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Large Dispersion ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Initial Results

Abstract This article presents preliminary analysis of the Latvian national EV fast - charging network after the first year of operation. The first phase of Latvian national EV fast-charging network was launched in 2018 with 70 charging stations on the TEN-T roads and in the largest towns and cities. The article looks at the initial results, both looking at the total capacity utilization for individual charging stations, determining the hourly charging distribution; and to the utilization of the network as a whole. The results present that there is a very large dispersion of the data, most of the charging events happening in a few charging stations in and around the capital of Latvia. However, there have been charging events in all charging stations, even in the most remote ones. Even more skewed distribution was observed analyzing the charging habits of the EV users, with 10 % of users accounting for more than half of the charging events. This should be taken into account when considering applying the results for the future, expecting larger number of electric vehicles in Latvia.

Feasibility Study of Renewable Energy Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

2016 ◽  
pp. 313-349
Author(s):  
Azhar Ul-Haq ◽  
Marium Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Charging Stations

This chapter presents a detailed study of renewable energy integrated charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs) and discusses its various aspects such as siting requirements, standards of charging stations, integration of renewable energy sources for powering up charging stations and interfacing devices between charging facilities and smart grid. A smart charging station for EVs is explained along with its essential components and different charging methodologies are explained. It has been recognized that the amalgamation of electric vehicles in the transportation sector will trigger power issues due to the mobility of vehicles beyond the stretch of home area network. In this regard an information and communication technology (ICT) based architecture may support EVs management with an aim to enhance the electric vehicle charging and energy storage capabilities with the relevant considerations. An ICT based solution is capable of monitoring the state of charge (SOC) of EV batteries, health and accessible amount of energy along with the mobility of EVs.

scholarly journals Energy Management Optimization of a Dual Motor Lithium Ion Capacitors-Based Hybrid Super Sport Car

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Alessandro Franceschi ◽  
Nicolò Cavina ◽  
Riccardo Parenti ◽  
Maurizio Reggiani ◽  
Enrico Corti
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Nowadays, hybrid electric vehicles represent one of the main solutions for the reduction of greenhouse gases in the automotive sector. Alongside the reduction of CO2, hybrid electric vehicles serve as a strong alternative on drivability and performance to conventional internal combustion engine-based vehicles. Vehicles exist with various missions; super sport cars usually aim to reach peak performance and to guarantee a great driving experience to the driver, but great attention must also be paid to fuel consumption. According to the vehicle mission, hybrid electric vehicles can differ in the powertrain configuration and the choice of the energy storage system. Manufacturers have recently started to work on Lithium-Ion Capacitors (LiC) -based hybrid vehicles. This paper discusses the usage of a control-oriented vehicle and powertrain model to analyze the performance of a dual motor LiC-based hybrid V12 vehicle by Automobili Lamborghini. P3–P4 and P2–P4 parallel hybrid configurations have been selected and compared since they allow to fully exploit the potential of the LiC storage system characterized by high power. The validated model has been used to develop control strategies aimed at fuel economy and CO2 reduction, and in particular, both Rule Based Strategies (RBS) and Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies (ECMS) are presented in the paper. A critical comparison between the various powertrain configurations is carried out, keeping into account the peculiarities of the LiC technology and evaluating the performance of the different control approaches.

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