Evalutation of Turbo Decoder Performance Through Software Reference Model

2022 ◽  
pp. 179-197
Author(s):  
Manjunatha K. N. ◽  
Raghu N. ◽  
Kiran B.
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Channel Noise ◽  
Clock Gating ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Turbo Decoder ◽  
Data Encoding ◽  
Frame Length ◽  
Noise Type ◽  
Turbo Encoder ◽  
Number Of Iterations

Turbo encoder and decoder are two important blocks of long-term evolution (LTE) systems, as they address the data encoding and decoding in a communication system. In recent years, the wireless communication has advanced to suit the user needs. The power optimization can be achieved by proposing early termination of decoding iteration where the number of iterations is made adjustable which stops the decoding as it finishes the process. Clock gating technique is used at the RTL level to avoid the unnecessary clock given to sequential circuits; here clock supplies are a major source of power dissipation. The performance of a system is affected due to the numbers of parameters, including channel noise, type of decoding and encoding techniques, type of interleaver, number of iterations, and frame length on the Matlab Simulink platform. A software reference model for turbo encoder and decoder are modeled using MATLAB Simulink. Performance of the proposed model is estimated and analyzed on various parameters like frame length, number of iterations, and channel noise.

scholarly journals Error Detection in Turbo Decoding using Neural Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S) ◽  
pp. 218-221
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Turbo Codes ◽  
Iterative Decoding ◽  
Turbo Decoding ◽  
Turbo Decoder ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Turbo Encoder

In this paper reduction of errors in turbo decoding is done using neural network. Turbo codes was one of the first thriving attempt for obtaining error correcting performance in the vicinity of the theoretical Shannon bound of –1.6 db. Parallel concatenated encoding and iterative decoding are the two techniques available for constructing turbo codes. Decrease in Eb/No necessary to get a desired bit-error rate (BER) is achieved for every iteration in turbo decoding. But the improvement in Eb/No decreases for each iteration. From the turbo encoder, the output is taken and this is added with noise, when transmitting through the channel. The noisy data is fed as an input to the neural network. The neural network is trained for getting the desired target. The desired target is the encoded data. The turbo decoder decodes the output of neural network. The neural network help to reduce the number of errors. Bit error rate of turbo decoder trained using neural network is less than the bit error rate of turbo decoder without training.

scholarly journals Evolution of Wireless Communication along with Encoders

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2589-2593
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Turbo Decoder ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Decoder Architecture ◽  
Turbo Encoder ◽  
Technology Growth ◽  
Rate Frequency ◽  
Communication Path

Now a days technology drastically increasing, leads to increase in communication also. Internet of Things (IOT) is very basic fundamental necessary to the consumers in this decade, which requires a communication path mainly from end to end. By understanding this technology growth, took as motivation and started a survey for turbo decoder architecture in Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 3GPP-LTE communication. Different generation technologies adopt different kinds of encoder as well as decoder to encrypt the data which can be sent from source devices to destination devices, which consists parameters like data rate, frequency used to transmit and speed of transitioning i.e., encoding and decoding the data at the transmitter as well as receiver. This paper represents a survey on different architectures of turbo decoder in LTE communication which can give a brief idea about the communication and also the usage of turbo encoder in various applications. Initially we look back a history and development of a communication system till LTE. Later we discuss the different technologies and topologies on turbo decoder along with its architecture, advantage and disadvantage.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF TURBO CODER FOR LTE ON FPGA

2014 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
SANTOSH GOORU ◽  
DR. S. RAJARAM
Keyword(s):  
Turbo Codes ◽  
Turbo Code ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Turbo Decoder ◽  
Map Algorithm ◽  
3Gpp Lte ◽  
Channel Codes ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Turbo Encoder

Recent wireless communication standards such as 3GPP-LTE, WiMax, DVB-SH and HSPA incorporates turbo code for its excellent performance. This work provides an overview of the novel class of channel codes referred to as turbo codes, which have been shown to be capable of performing close to the Shannon Limit. It starts with a brief discussion on turbo encoding, and then move on to describing the form of the iterative decoder most commonly used to decode turbo codes. Here, Turbo decoder uses original MAP algorithm instead of using the approximated Max log-MAP algorithm thereby it reduces the number iterations to decode the transmitted information bits. This paper presents the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) implementation simulation results for Turbo encoder and decoder structure for 3GPP-LTE standard.

scholarly journals Simplified on-The-Fly IAG QPP Interleaver for Turbo Channel Coding Scheme

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1443-1448
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Channel Coding ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Timing Constraints ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Turbo Decoder ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Turbo Encoder ◽  
Block Sizes

Interleaver is an indispensable component in the design of Turbo encoder and Turbo Decoder. QPP interleaver is a 3GPP specified conflict free interleaver for turbo channel coding scheme for all code block sizes of 40 to 6144. Thus the efficient design of a conflict free reconfigurable QPP interleaver for turbo encoder and turbo decoder is a pre-eminent task in turbo channel coding scheme. In this article, Design of a simplified reconfigurable (40 to 6144 block sizes) Recursive QPP interleaver for computation of address locations to minimize the computational complexity and to avoid storage of interleaver tables has been presented. The proposed interleaver will be further integrated in the design and implementation of high throughput parallel turbo decoder. The proposed design is synthesized and implemented using 28nm CMOS technology Zynq Zed FPGA and achieved low processing timing constraints, utilization and power constraints compared with other conventional designs.

scholarly journals Compartive study on performance of the LDPC codes and turbo-codes used in the image transmission in the gaussian and rayleigh channel

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayssal Menezla ◽  
Rachida Meliani ◽  
Zoubir Mahdjoub
Keyword(s):  
Turbo Codes ◽  
Turbo Code ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
Channel Noise ◽  
Gaussian Channel ◽  
Image Correction ◽  
Rayleigh Channel ◽  
Number Of Iterations

The errors induced by channel noise influence on the quality of digital transmission. The latter depends on the probability of errors in the transmitted symbols. To control these errors, a technique of digital signal processing is used, including the information code to be transmitted. As these techniques are used for controlling the transmssion, they are called "channel encoding". In this paper, we introduced and studied two major correction code families' error; LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) and the turbo code. We used our simulation model to evaluate the performance of a Gaussian channel. The results show the effect of iterative LDPC and Turbo code on the transmission and quality of information. Our numerical simulation has shown that the resulting image was corrected gradually as the number of iterations increases for both channels. On the Rayleigh channel, the image correction is obtained for a higher number of iterations over the Gaussian channel.

scholarly journals Bluetooth Low Energy Wireless Sensor Network Library in MATLAB Simulink

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Rolands Shavelis ◽  
Kaspars Ozols
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Data Packet ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Channel Noise ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
High Data

The paper describes the elements of the developed MATLAB Simulink library for building the models of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) wireless sensor networks to simulate the communication between BLE devices in the presence of interference and channel noise. Various parameters can be configured for the devices including their 2D positions to take into account the distances between them for calculating the attenuation coefficients of the transmitted signals. Two simulation examples are provided, one of which demonstrates the data exchange between one master device and one slave at high data packet transmission rate (2 kHz), while the other example shows the data exchange between one master and multiple slaves simultaneously, in which case the data packet transmission rate can be no larger than 133 Hz.

scholarly journals Method of Improving Lateral Stability by Using Additional Yaw Moment of Semi-Trailer

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6317
Author(s):  
Zhenyuan Bai ◽  
Yufeng Lu ◽  
Yunxia Li
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Lateral Stability ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Braking Torque

The lateral stability control of tractor semi-trailer plays a vital role for enhancing its driving safety, and the distributed electric drive structure of a hub motor creates opportunities and challenges for realising the lateral stability accurately. Based on the dynamics simulation software TruckSim, a nonlinear dynamic tractor semi-trailer model is established, and a MATLAB/Simulink linear three-degree-of-freedom monorail reference model is established. The upper controller adopts fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative control to export active yaw torque values of the tractor and semi-trailer. The lower controller outputs the driving/braking torque of each wheel according to the target wheel driving/braking rules and torque distribution rules. The tractor produce an active yaw torque through conventional differential braking the hub motor is installed on both sides of the semi-trailer, and the active yaw torque is produced by the coordinated control of the driving/braking torque of the hub motor and the differential braking of the mechanical braking system. To prevent wheel locking, the slip rate of each wheel is controlled. Finally, based on the TruckSim–MATLAB/Simulink cosimulation platform, cosimulation is performed under typical working conditions. The simulation results show that the control strategy proposed in this report is superior to the conventional differential braking control (ESP). It can not only improve the lateral stability of the vehicle more effectively, but also improve the roll stability.

scholarly journals Stability control of in-wheel motor driven vehicle based on extension pattern recognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 003685042095853
Author(s):  
Wang Hongbo ◽  
Sun Youding ◽  
Tan Hongliang ◽  
Lu Yongjie
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Sideslip Angle ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Yaw Rate ◽  
Control Pattern

According to the characteristics that the torque of each wheel of the in-wheel motor driven vehicle is independent and controllable, the stability control of in-wheel motor driven vehicle based on extension pattern recognition method is proposed in this paper. The dynamic model of the vehicle is established by Matlab/Simulink and Carsim. Taking two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) vehicle model as reference model, the vehicle yaw rate and the sideslip angle as the control objectives. The differences between the actual values and the reference values of the yaw rate and the actual sideslip angle are used to define the vehicle stability status. The vehicle stability status is divided into four stability control patterns, which are the no control pattern, the yaw rate control pattern, the yaw rate and sideslip angle joint control pattern, and the sideslip angle control pattern, respectively. The extension pattern recognition algorithm is used to determine the vehicle control pattern. The fuzzy controllers of yaw rate and sideslip angle are designed to obtain the additional yaw moment. Besides, the optimal torque distribution method is proposed by taking the lowest total energy loss of four motors as the objective function. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified by Matlab/Simulink and Carsim joint simulation platform and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test.

Die Spezifität von Begabungsüberzeugungen als Determinante des verbalen und mathematischen Begabungsselbstkonzepts

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Möller ◽  
Britta Pohlmann ◽  
Lilian Streblow ◽  
Julia Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
External Frame

Zusammenfassung: Das I/E-Modell (“Internal/External Frame of Reference Model”) von Marsh (1986) postuliert, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler dimensionale Vergleiche der eigenen Leistungen in einem Fach mit den Leistungen in einem anderen Fach anstellen. Diese Vergleiche führen dazu, dass z. B. Schüler mit guten Leistungen in Mathematik ihre verbalen Fähigkeiten niedriger einschätzen. Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung mit N = 1114 Probanden ist die Frage, ob die Überzeugungen von Personen zum Zusammenhang von mathematischer und verbaler Begabung die Effekte dimensionaler Vergleiche moderieren. Analysen zeigten die Bedeutung der Begabungsüberzeugungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler: Negative Zusammenhänge zwischen den Fachleistungen in einem Fach und dem akademischen Selbstkonzept in einem anderen Fach ergaben sich insbesondere für Personen, die annehmen, dass Begabung domänenspezifisch ist, man also entweder mathematisch oder sprachlich begabt ist. Für Schüler mit eher wenig spezifischer Begabungsüberzeugung ergaben sich geringere Effekte dimensionaler Vergleiche.

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