Clinical Features of Stroke

2022 ◽  
pp. 120-137
Author(s):  
Alper Uysal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Prolongation Of Life ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
Speech And Language Disorders ◽  
The Brain

Stroke is a clinical condition that causes neurological dysfunction due to focal infarction or haemorrhage in the brain, spinal cord, or retina. These clinical features may take 24 hours or more and result in death. Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death. With the prolongation of life in societies, stroke and stroke-related risk factors become more and more important. Age, gender, race, heredity, ethnicity, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, transient ischemic attack, and physical inactivity are risk factors of stroke. Signs and symptoms of stroke vary according to occluded vessel. Mental dysfunction, speech and language disorders, motor and sensory impairment may occur as a result of stroke.

Sa1644 Differences in Clinical Features and the Related Risk Factors Between Occult and Overt Cases of Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. AB278
Author(s):  
Junichi Okamoto ◽  
Satoshi Sugimori ◽  
Kazunari Tominaga ◽  
Tomoko Obayashi ◽  
Kunihiro Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Related Risk

scholarly journals Host‐Related Risk Factors and Clinical Features of Community‐Acquired Legionnaires Disease Due to the Paris and Lorraine Endemic Strains, 1998–2007, France

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Ginevra ◽  
Antoine Duclos ◽  
Philippe Vanhems ◽  
Christine Campèse ◽  
Françoise Forey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Legionnaires Disease

scholarly journals Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with the Blood–Brain Barrier

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2681
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Erickson ◽  
Elizabeth M. Rhea ◽  
Rachel C. Knopp ◽  
William A. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Brain

Emerging data indicate that neurological complications occur as a consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a critical interface that regulates entry of circulating molecules into the CNS, and is regulated by signals that arise from the brain and blood compartments. In this review, we discuss mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 interactions with the BBB may contribute to neurological dysfunction associated with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2. We consider aspects of peripheral disease, such as hypoxia and systemic inflammatory response syndrome/cytokine storm, as well as CNS infection and mechanisms of viral entry into the brain. We also discuss the contribution of risk factors for developing severe COVID-19 to BBB dysfunction that could increase viral entry or otherwise damage the brain.

scholarly journals TOXOPLASMIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-494
Author(s):  
GABRIEL A. SCHWARZ ◽  
ELIZABETH KIRK ROSE ◽  
WILFRED E. FRY
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Infantile Form ◽  
Cerebral Calcifications ◽  
Pathologic Findings ◽  
The Brain ◽  
In Infants And Children

Six cases of toxoplasmic encephalomyelitis in infants and children are presented. In all of these cases, the diagnosis was made on clinical grounds alone. All of these patients are still living. A description of the pathologic findings in the retina of one case is given. In an analysis of these six cases it was noted that the ocular findings were the most constantly occurring of all the features. Mental retardation was also noted in all six cases. Cerebral calcifications were found in all but one of the cases. The cases already reported in the literature are enumerated and a review of the clinical features of toxoplasmic encephalomyelitis is given. The chief features noted in the infantile form are: (1) onset at birth or soon after, (2) convulsions, (3) bilateral communicating hydrocephalus, (4) bilateral focal chorioretinitis usually involving both macula and (5) multiple calcifications in the brain. It is our feeling that this constellation of signs and symptoms should suggest the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis without recourse to the isolation of the protozoan or the securing of positive neutralization reactions.

Well-Being and Resilience in Children With Speech and Language Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena Lyons ◽  
Sue Roulstone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Strategies ◽  
Speech And Language Disorders

Purpose Children with speech and language disorders are at risk in relation to psychological and social well-being. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of these children from their own perspectives focusing on risks to their well-being and protective indicators that may promote resilience. Method Eleven 9- to 12-year-old children (4 boys and 7 girls) were recruited using purposeful sampling. One participant presented with a speech sound disorder, 1 presented with both a speech and language disorder, and 9 with language disorders. All were receiving additional educational supports. Narrative inquiry, a qualitative design, was employed. Data were generated in home and school settings using multiple semi-structured interviews with each child over a 6-month period. A total of 59 interviews were conducted. The data were analyzed to identify themes in relation to potential risk factors to well-being and protective strategies. Results Potential risk factors in relation to well-being were communication impairment and disability, difficulties with relationships, and concern about academic achievement. Potential protective strategies were hope, agency, and positive relationships. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of listening to children's narratives so that those at risk in relation to well-being can be identified. Conceptualization of well-being and resilience within an ecological framework may enable identification of protective strategies at both individual and environmental levels that can be strengthened to mitigate negative experiences.

scholarly journals Clinical Features And Prognostic Factors For Status Epilepticus In The Pediatric Emergency Department: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohyun Eun ◽  
Hye Eun Kwon ◽  
Heoung Jin Kim ◽  
Seo Hee Yoon ◽  
Moon Kyu Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Pediatric Emergency Department ◽  
First Line ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Icu Management ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: Uncontrolled status epilepticus (SE) causes damage to all organs, especially the brain. Although there are guidelines regarding the management of convulsive SE, the timing for administering first-line rescue medications (RMeds) remains unclear. Therefore, we analyzed patients with persistent SE lasting for >30 min, who visited the pediatric emergency department (pED), to determine clinical features and risk factors and provide directions for management on arrival to the pED. Methods: This study was conducted by retrospectively reviewing medical charts of patients aged 0–19 years diagnosed with SE and accompanying motor seizures, who visited the pED between January 2010 and December 2019. After arrival at the pED, patients were divided into two groups, namely ≥30 min (n = 12) and <30 min (n = 13), according to the additional seizure time and administration of the first dose of RMeds before and after 5 min. Results: Seizures lasting for <30 min were mainly belonged to idiopathic SE in the pED. Among four SE patients who needed intensive care unit (ICU) management, three had delayed administration of RMeds of >5 min, which was statistically significant; hence, more hospitalizations in the ICU were observed when RMed administration was delayed (p = 0.047). In acute symptomatic SE such as encephalitis, more than three doses of RMeds were needed to control seizures. Conclusions: Patients with convulsive SE should arrive at the pED as soon as possible and immediately receive RMeds after arrival at the pED for good outcomes.

Runas un valodas attīstības traucējumi, to korekcija un profilakse mūzikas terapijas praksē

2020 ◽  
pp. 335-351
Author(s):  
Mirdza Paipare ◽  
Dace Stieģele
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Melodic Intonation Therapy ◽  
Creative Music ◽  
Speech And Language Disorders ◽  
The Brain

Language is the most important instrument of communication that permits to express thoughts, feelings, sensations, desires and needs and to describe and comprehend emotions. Music without words can evoke strong emotional reactions by directly affecting emotional centres in the brain. Playing of music instrument or even listening to music can create neuroplastic changes in brain by activating compensatory mechanisms. Whereas during the listening to the music that is pleasant and preferred by the client, dopamine is released which is necessary for creating new neuron connections in the brain. Music therapy provides possibilities of effective treatment, the decrement of complications and disorders, as well as learning and recovering of skills for both children and adults with various speech and language disorders. In Latvia the integrative eclectic approach is being developed in music therapy. It permits to apply both creative music therapy methods and techniques and receptive techniques that are based on listening to music. For children with speech and language disorders more suitable are creative music therapy techniques that facilitate the awareness of oneself and one’s resources, the improvement of interaction, cooperation and communication skills, emotional expressions and control, the development of the speech motor system and the improvement of language skills. Music therapy is one of the few treatment possibilities that includes simultaneous work on improving motor skills and recognition of emotional difficulties and their solving. It is essential for patients that stutter to get help in correcting along with the psychological and emotional support and help. For patients after a stroke and with aphasia of various origins recommended and effective for recovering and improving speech and language skills are Melodic intonation therapy, SIPARI®, listening to music, as well as playing music in both individual and group therapies. Playing music as multisensory activity which activates and connects such areas and systems in the brain that normally are not working together. Therefore, it can stimulate the overtaking of the lost skills by non-damaged brain parts and restores speech and language skills.

scholarly journals Risk factors identification in children with speech disorders: pilot study

CoDAS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Martins Duarte Silva ◽  
Maria Ines Vieira Couto ◽  
Daniela Regina Molini-Avejonas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Speech And Language Development ◽  
Speech And Language Disorders ◽  
The City

PURPOSE: To identify the main risk factors related to children and their parents, associated with speech and language disorders. METHODS: A prospective descriptive study conducted with 170 children and their parents assisted at a school clinic in the period between March 2010 and July 2012. A protocol was developed for this study in order to identify risk factors for language and speech disorders. Data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by the Χ2 and Student' s t-test . RESULTS: The demographic profile is composed of male children aged between 4 and 5 years old, ethnicity declared by parents as being white, residents of the western region of the city of São Paulo, and whose parents had completed high school. The factors related to family and considered as risks for language impairment were being an only child and having a family history of speech and language disorders. As for the children' s health, prematurity, hospitalization for a long period, and the presence of deleterious oral habits were also considered as risk factors. CONCLUSION: The protocol allows establishing the main risk factors related to children with speech and language disorders. It is suggested that children who present with one or more of the aforementioned risk factors should be regularly monitored for speech and language development and, if necessary, referred for early intervention.

scholarly journals Clinical features, risk factors, and outcome of cerebral venous thrombosis in Tehran, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Yadegari ◽  
Askar Ghorbani ◽  
S Roohollah Miri ◽  
Mohammad Abdollahi ◽  
Mohsen Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
D Dimer

ABSTRACT Introduction: Despite increasing the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) has remained an under-diagnosed condition. In this study, characteristics and frequency of various risk factors of CVST patients in a tertiary referral hospital were closely assessed. Methods: Patients with an unequivocal diagnosis of CVST confirmed by MRI and magnetic resonance venography during 6 years of the study were included. All data from the onset of symptoms regarding clinical signs and symptoms, hospital admission, seasonal distribution, medical and drug history, thrombophilic profile, D-dimer, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid findings, mortality, and outcome were collected and closely analyzed. Result: A total of 53 patients with female to male ratio of 3.07 and mean age of 33.7 years were included in the study. Headache and papilledema were the most frequent clinical features (44 and 36 patients, respectively). An underlying disease (diagnosed previously or after admission) was the most common identified risk factor for CVST in both females and males (21 patients). A total of 15 women used the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) where 12 of them had simultaneously other predisposing factors. Overall, 19 patients (36%) had more than one contributing factor. D-dimer had a sensitivity of 71.4% in CVST patients. The mortality of patients in this study was 3.7% (n = 2). Focal neurologic deficit and multicranial nerve palsy were associated with poor outcome which defined as death, recurrence, and massive intracranial hemorrhage due to anticoagulation (P = 0.050 and 0.004, respectively). Conclusion: Unlike most of the CVST studies in which OCP was the main factor; in this study, an underlying disease was the most identified cause. Considering the high probability of multiple risk factors in CVST that was shown by this study, appropriate work up should be noted to uncover them.

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