Moving Toward a Third Generation of Medical Education

2021 ◽  
pp. 926-939
Author(s):  
Wendy M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Professions Education ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Transformative Approach ◽  
Issue Health

The number of health professions education programs continues to increase across the United States and globally, but unequal access to healthcare remains a pressing issue. Health professions education has shifted from a first-generation approach, centered on didactic teaching, to a second-generation approach, centered on problem-based learning. In a Lancet paper, Frenk and colleagues argued for the incorporation of a transformative paradigm within health professions education facilitating the move towards the third generation of health professions education. Drawing on Mezirow and Freire, they argued for the incorporation of a transformative paradigm to improve health professions education by better aligning medical education and population needs. This chapter examines how a transformative approach to health professions education could be implemented and where it would be most effective. It also looks at how a transformative paradigm within health professions education could provide an additional lens to understand health disparities, structural inequity, and diversity.

Moving Toward a Third Generation of Medical Education

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Professions Education ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Transformative Approach ◽  
Issue Health

The number of health professions education programs continues to increase across the United States and globally, but unequal access to healthcare remains a pressing issue. Health professions education has shifted from a first-generation approach, centered on didactic teaching, to a second-generation approach, centered on problem-based learning. In a Lancet paper, Frenk and colleagues argued for the incorporation of a transformative paradigm within health professions education facilitating the move towards the third generation of health professions education. Drawing on Mezirow and Freire, they argued for the incorporation of a transformative paradigm to improve health professions education by better aligning medical education and population needs. This chapter examines how a transformative approach to health professions education could be implemented and where it would be most effective. It also looks at how a transformative paradigm within health professions education could provide an additional lens to understand health disparities, structural inequity, and diversity.

The Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on Apple in Nova Scotia.: I. Influence of Intratree Distribution on the Selection of Sampling Units. II. Differences in Habits and Seasonal Trends in Orchards With Bivoltine and Trivoltine Populations. III. Distribution of Diapause Eggs. IV. Hatching of Diapause Eggs

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn Nova Scotia one leaf cluster with an adjoining 1 inch of twig taken from the inside of each of 10 apple trees replicated four times is an adequate sample unit to measure the density of the brown mite.The brown mite has one generation with a partial second in some orchards and one with a partial second and partial third in others. The first generation adults in the bivoltine and trivoltine populations lay summer eggs on the leaves and twigs, and diapause eggs on tin twigs. The second generation adults in the bivoltine populations lay only diapause eggs; in the trivoltine populations they lay both summer and diapause eggs. The adults of the third generation lay only diapause eggs.The brown mite is found on both the leaves and woody parts of the tree. In orchards with bivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80% by mid-July, but thereafter gradually decreased to 10% by the end of August. However, in orchards with trivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80 to 90% by mid-July, remained constant until mid-August, and thereafter decreased to approximately 40% by the end of August.The number of diapause eggs laid by adults of each generation in both the bivoltine and trivoltine populations varies widely. The eggs are deposited on the trunk as well as on the branches, with the heaviest deposition in the central area of the tree. The diapause eggs laid by adults of the first generation are the last to hatch and those laid by the third generation are the first to hatch the following spring.The factors responsible for the differences in the number of generations and in the number of diapause eggs laid are unknown.

scholarly journals Area of Interest of Indonesian Researches in Medical and Health Professions Education: Future Direction

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Mora Claramita ◽  
Gandes Retno Rahayu ◽  
Rahmi Surayya ◽  
Abu Bakar ◽  
Murti Mandawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Health Professions Education ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
Future Direction

Background: Medical education research has been flourished in the past two decades in Indonesia. It is highly important to study results of medical education researches in Indonesia to provide future direction for medical education. Six published literature in medical education from Asian context was used as the basis of this study.Method: We used the narrative review in which quantitative data were interpreted qualitatively. All national and international publication and the unpublished research in medical education from Indonesia between 2000 - 2013 were collected with multiple methods based on 8 criteria of inclusion/ exclusion. We also grouped the articles into quantitative and qualitative groups based on each method in each study.Results: Total articles interpreted was 151 and grouped into 17 areas of interest and level of evidences from ‘very rarely’ to ‘very frequently’ studied. Studies in the area of understanding problem–based learning (PBL) are still dominating the area of interest including the student-assessment within PBL program. Other areas are still rarely done, especially research in health professions education other than medical doctors.Conclusion: Research in medical education in Indonesia should be more stimulated; in terms of numbers and quality, more importantly to strive for future agent of culture, socio-economic and political changes based on the actual community problems in the universal coverage era toward solid interprofessional team work to accomplish patient safety.

scholarly journals Ethical Shades of Gray: Questionable Research Practices in Health Professions Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Artino ◽  
Erik W. Driessen ◽  
Lauren A. Maggio
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Misconduct ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Professions Education ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Questionable Research Practices

AbstractPurposeTo maintain scientific integrity and engender public confidence, research must be conducted responsibly. Whereas scientific misconduct, like data fabrication, is clearly irresponsible and unethical, other behaviors—often referred to as questionable research practices (QRPs)—exploit the ethical shades of gray that color acceptable practice. This study aimed to measure the frequency of self-reported QRPs in a diverse, international sample of health professions education (HPE) researchers.MethodIn 2017, the authors conducted an anonymous, cross-sectional survey study. The web-based survey contained 43 QRP items that asked respondents to rate how often they had engaged in various forms of scientific misconduct. The items were adapted from two previously published surveys.ResultsIn total, 590 HPE researchers took the survey. The mean age was 46 years (SD=11.6), and the majority of participants were from the United States (26.4%), Europe (23.2%), and Canada (15.3%). The three most frequently reported QRPs were adding authors to a paper who did not qualify for authorship (60.6%), citing articles that were not read (49.5%), and selectively citing papers to please editors or reviewers (49.4%). Additionally, respondents reported misrepresenting a participant’s words (6.7%), plagiarizing (5.5%), inappropriately modifying results (5.3%), deleting data without disclosure (3.4%), and fabricating data (2.4%). Overall, 533 (90.3%) respondents reported at least one QRP.ConclusionsNotwithstanding the methodological limitations of survey research, these findings indicate that a substantial proportion of HPE researchers report a range of QRPs. In light of these results, reforms are needed to improve the credibility and integrity of the HPE research enterprise.“Researchers should practice research responsibly. Unfortunately, some do not.” –Nicholas H. Steneck, 20061

scholarly journals Philosophy from the outside in: Rosenzweig’s critical project

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Willi Goetschel
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Martin Buber ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
The Third ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The University ◽  
Critical Intervention ◽  
Hermann Cohen

This paper examines Rosenzweig?s philosophic project in the context of his time as a critical intervention in the discussion of the place of Jewish thought in the university and in society. If Hermann Cohen represented the first generation of Jewish philosophers claiming that participation in the university is constitutive for the institution?s claim to universalism, the second generation-represented by Martin Buber - was more diffident about the university and its openness. For Buber, literary modernism offered what the university would refuse. Disappointed about the failure of the recognition of the efforts of the previous two generations, Rosenzweig represents the third generation. He turns the situation into a creative response anchoring philosophy as a project that calls for a resolute move outside the university.

scholarly journals The Application of Third Generation Semiconductor in Power Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Yuqian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Power Switching ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Great Possibility ◽  
Made In

With the rapid development of technologies, the third generation semiconductor is being studied, as it is leading to the significant change in industry like the manufacture of PC, mobile devices, lighting etc. Till now, due to its irreplaceable physical characteristics, third generation semiconductor is applied to lots of fields. This paper analyzes the application of third generation semiconductor, namely, GaN and SiC. Their characteristics including advantages as well as disadvantages will be discussed through reviewing the result of relevant researches. Meanwhile, comparison between the third generation semiconductors and the second as well as the first generation semiconductors is made in this paper. Through the comparison of physical characteristics, recent marketing, production and limitations, the advantages and disadvantages of each semiconductor is analyzed and the suggestion of how to avoid the disadvantage through application is proposed. At last, the future development is predicted. According to the analysis result of this paper, silicon poses more merits. Silicon is not only cheaper but also performs better making it a preference of GaAs, and GaN in the domain of IC. The second generation semiconductor, GaAs, is widely used in the circuits and photoelectric integration. Furthermore, the third semiconductor material GaN is a promising material for power switching and communication and has the great possibility to play a crucial role in market.

scholarly journals Diapause of Cameraria ohridella Deschka et Dimic and its impact on the species population dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Samek
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Unfavourable Weather ◽  
Population Continuity ◽  
Actual Damage

Cameraria ohridella Deschka et Dimic is a polyvoltine species which can complete under suitable conditions the development of as many as three generations a year. In the Czech Republic, however, the third generation suffers from high mortality due to the shortage of food and later also unfavourable weather. If the third generation is not completed the population continuity is ensured by diapausing pupae occurring in each generation. The number of diapausing pupae is determined by the actual abundance of the species and thus also by the actual damage to the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) foliage. Relationships of the parameters were investigated in the first generation of C. ohridella and their intensity was studied by methods of regression analysis.

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