SARS-Cov-2 and Associated Heart Failure

2022 ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Abdelmohcine Aimrane ◽  
Bilal El-Mansoury ◽  
Said Sabir ◽  
Soraia El Baz ◽  
Nadia Zouhairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Large Vessels

The newly emerged pandemic of coronavirus-induced disease of the year 2019 (COVID-19) has become the utmost health concern worldwide. Patients with COVID-19 are highly susceptible to develop hypercoagulable state increasing the risk of causing venous and arterial thrombosis at both small and large vessels. Additionally, in patients showing co-morbidities, for instance patients with inborn errors of metabolism linked to heart failure, the complications and mortalities are even higher than in any other case. In such frail patients already showing health concerns, the COVID-19-induced pneumonia may cause acute or chronic cardiovascular complications. Indeed, several reports of thrombotic complications in association with other complications has been presented, such as large vessels storks, clotting of catheters, and myocardial injury. Nevertheless, knowledge on the COVID-19-associated cardiovascular diseases remains scarce. Thus, in this chapter, the authors represent an overview of the available data on the induced heart failure related to COVID-19.

scholarly journals New glucose-lowering drugs in patients with heart failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Plamen Gatzov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
New Class ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Positive Effect

The cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of mortality in the countries of Europe and North America. The heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are widely spread diseases that become more frequent with the population aging in those regions. The algorithm of HF treatment in the last two decades includes several new medications. The SGLT-2 inhibitors (dapaglifl ozin, empaglifl ozin and canaglofl ozin) are new class anti diabetic medications which have positive effect on cardiovascular complications in patients with and without DB. The main trials using those medications in this group of patients and the most probable mechanisms, responsible for their effects, are the topic of this review.

scholarly journals Branched Chain Amino Acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Neinast ◽  
Danielle Murashige ◽  
Zoltan Arany
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Branched Chain

Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are building blocks for all life-forms. We review here the fundamentals of BCAA metabolism in mammalian physiology. Decades of studies have elicited a deep understanding of biochemical reactions involved in BCAA catabolism. In addition, BCAAs and various catabolic products act as signaling molecules, activating programs ranging from protein synthesis to insulin secretion. How these processes are integrated at an organismal level is less clear. Inborn errors of metabolism highlight the importance of organismal regulation of BCAA physiology. More recently, subtle alterations of BCAA metabolism have been suggested to contribute to numerous prevalent diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and heart failure. Understanding the mechanisms underlying altered BCAA metabolism and how they contribute to disease pathophysiology will keep researchers busy for the foreseeable future.

scholarly journals Arterial thrombosis, the unfairly forgotten actor in COVID-19: a case series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGIO RAMOS CILLÁN ◽  
LAURA SOLÁN BLANCO ◽  
MARTA TOMÁS MALLEBRERA ◽  
ANA B. ARRIBAS DÍAZ ◽  
JAVIER CORNAGO NAVASCUES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Multicenter Clinical Trials

Abstract Background. - It is known that patients with COVID-19 are at increased risk of thrombosis. Although COVID-19 infection primarily affects the lower respiratory tract system, emerging reports suggest direct and indirect cardiovascular complications. However, the key mechanisms under thrombosis development at great arterial vessels are still unclear.Case presentation. – We report the cases of 4 patients who were admitted to our hospital and suffered from arterial thrombotic complications. All of them were older than 60 years and only 1 did not have cardiovascular risk factors. It should be noted that days prior to the diagnosis of arterial thrombosis, 3 of the 4 patients were under anticoagulant treatment. It is also interesting that in contrast to already known typical microvascular locations, our patients suffered from large arterial vessels thrombosis. Furthermore, none of them would present with severe respiratory symptoms. Conclusions. – The underlying mechanism of COVID-19-associated arterial thrombosis remains unclear and might be independent of the cytokine storm that occurs in patients with COVID-19-associated venous thrombosis. Also, the role of anti-platelets agents as prophylactic treatment in high-risk patients remains unclear. Multicenter clinical trials are necessary to clarify these issues.

scholarly journals Animal Models of Cardiovascular Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Zaragoza ◽  
Carmen Gomez-Guerrero ◽  
Jose Luis Martin-Ventura ◽  
Luis Blanco-Colio ◽  
Begoña Lavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Models Of Disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the first leading cause of death and morbidity in developed countries. The use of animal models have contributed to increase our knowledge, providing new approaches focused to improve the diagnostic and the treatment of these pathologies. Several models have been developed to address cardiovascular complications, including atherothrombotic and cardiac diseases, and the same pathology have been successfully recreated in different species, including small and big animal models of disease. However, genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in cardiovascular pathophysiology, making difficult to match a particular disease, with a single experimental model. Therefore, no exclusive method perfectly recreates the human complication, and depending on the model, additional considerations of cost, infrastructure, and the requirement for specialized personnel, should also have in mind. Considering all these facts, and depending on the budgets available, models should be selected that best reproduce the disease being investigated. Here we will describe models of atherothrombotic diseases, including expanding and occlusive animal models, as well as models of heart failure. Given the wide range of models available, today it is possible to devise the best strategy, which may help us to find more efficient and reliable solutions against human cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Molecular pathogenesis of heart failure in diabetes mellitus – new direction for the therapeutic approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 452-463
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łukawska-Tatarczuk ◽  
Beata Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska ◽  
Edward Franek ◽  
Leszek Czupryniak
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Individualization Of Therapy ◽  
Clinical Pictures

As it has been proven, cardiovascular diseases are several times more common in diabetic patients than in the general population. Despite many studies and hypotheses, is still not explained why this happens. Considering the frequent coexistence of cardiovascular risk factors with diabetes, the identification of diabetic cardiomyopathy as an independent complication is controversial, and diagnosis in clinical practice is rare. Nevertheless, the presence of diabetes significantly worsens the course and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, and a better understanding of the diabetic component in the development of heart failure seems essential in the search for an effective therapy. The pathogenetic factors of the development of heart failure in diabetes include: metabolic disorders related to hyperglycaemia, lipotoxicity, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, immune system dysfunction, genetic predisposition and epigenetic disorders. The clinical pictures of diabetic cardiomyopathy vary depending on the type of diabetes, and dysfunction includes not only the cells of the myocardium, as well as stromal cells, endothelial and nervous system cells. The long-term and asymptomatic course of this complication and its progressive nature shortening the lives of diabetic patients prompt the search for new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. A better understanding of the molecular basis of myocardial dysfunction in diabetes appears essential in the search. Stopping the “cascade” of pathways responsible for activation of inflammation, fibrosis or apoptosis in individual organs could effectively prevent the development of diabetic complications. The paper presents existing pathogenetic concepts and their therapeutic implications, which may be used in the prevention of cardiovascular complications in diabetes and allow individualization of therapy.

NT-PROBNP AND THE CUT-OFF VALUE IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2011 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Anh Tien Hoang ◽  
Van Minh Huynh ◽  
Khanh Hoang ◽  
Huu Dang Tran ◽  
Viet An Tran
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
European Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cardiac Marker ◽  
Cardiac Biomarker ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology

NT-ProBNP is a high value cardiac biomarker and widely applies in many cardiovascular diseases. The evaluation of concentration of NT-ProBNP needs the concern about age, gender, obesity and especially we need each cut-off point for each cause of cardiovascular disease in evaluation and clinical application. Because NT-ProBNP is a new cardiac marker and has been researched in 5 recent years, the cut-off of NT-ProBNP is still being studied for the clinical application in cardiovascular diseases. Only the cut-off of NT-ProBNP in diagnosis heart failure was guided by European Society of Cardiology. The meaning of introduce cut-off value of value plays an role as pilot study for the other relate study and brings the NT-ProBNP closely approach to clinical application.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND ANATOMOSIS OF ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAR IN PATIENTS WITH REGULARLY HEMODIALYSIS

2017 ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Van Hien Pham ◽  
Huu Vu Quang Nguyen ◽  
Tam Vo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in patients with chronic renal failure. When a patient undergoes dialysis, making AVF or AVG causes cardiovascular events. Understanding the relationship between complications: hypertension, heart failure, AVF or AVG (formation time, position, diameter) helps us monitor, detect, prevent and treatment of complications to limit the risk of death in patients with dialysis. Objective: Relationship between cardiovascular diseases and anatomosis of arteriovenous fistular in patients with regularly hemodialysis at Cho Ray Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Cho Ray Hospital from 2015 to 2016. The survey some cardiovascular diseases are done by clinical examination, tests for diagnostic imaging such as X-ray, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram: heart and diameter of anastomosis AVF, AVG. Results: The study population included 303 patients with chronic renal failure who were dialysis. Of which, patients aged 25-45 accounted for the highest proportion (43.9%). The proportion of male and female patients was similar (48.5% and 51.5% respectively). The mean value of systolic blood pressure on patients made AVF, AVG less than 12 months is higher than patients made AVF, AVG over 12 months, and there is negative correlation (r = -0.43) between AVF, AVG and systolic blood pressure (p <0.05). The mean value of diastolic blood pressure on patients made AVF, AVG less than 12 months is lower than patients made AVF, AVG over 12 months, and and there is positive correlation (r = -0.43) between AVF, AVG and diastolic blood pressure (p <0.05) (p <0.05). The prevalence of patients with heart failure made AVF, AVG over 12 months is higher than that of the under 12 months group, there is a negative correlation (r = - 0.43) between AVF, AVG diameter and EF index (p <0.05). Conclusion: It is important to note the diameter of anastomosis AVF, AVG in patients with chronic renal failure dialysis to limit cardiovascular complications, especially heart failure. Key words: Chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document