“Ihsanic” Philosophy as an Alternative to Social Justice

2022 ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
Jahid Siraz Chowdhury ◽  
Haris Abd Wahab ◽  
Rashid M. Saad ◽  
Parimal Roy

This chapter argues that Rawlsian social justice fails to ensure property rights for Indigenous people in the Bangladesh context. Explaining from an Indigenous standpoint paradigm (IRP) in bioprospecting (commercial use of plant materials) research among the Rakhain community, the authors conclude that non-Western utilitarian justice rather Ihsan (good deed for good deed, good acts for good acts) is a probable solution for minimizing the majority-minority tensions, establishing the rights of marginal people, and reaching SDGs in subsequent decades. Despite a rural, remote, and minority context, the appeal remains global as the bioprospecting is neither a national nor regional but a historical and global phenomenon and needs immediate policy, either attention or action or both.

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Hacker

Abstract This article suggests enacting an accession tax instead of the estate duty – which was repealed in Israel in 1981. This suggestion evolves from historical and normative explorations of the tension between perceptions of familial intergenerational property rights and justifications for the “death tax,” as termed by its opponents, i.e., estate and inheritance tax. First, the Article explores this tension as expressed in the history of the Israeli Estate Duty Law. This chronological survey reveals a move from the State’s taken-for-granted interest in revenue justifying the Law’s enactment in 1949; moving on to the “needy widow” and “poor orphan” in whose name the tax was attacked during the years 1959–1964, continuing to the abolition of the tax in 1981 in the name of efficiency and the right of the testator to transfer his wealth to his family, and finally cumulating with the targeting of tycoon dynasties that characterizes the recent calls for reintroducing the tax. Next, based on the rich literature on the subject, the Article maps the arguments for and against intergenerational wealth transfer taxation, placing the Israeli case in larger philosophical, political, and pragmatic contexts. Lastly, it associates the ideas of accession tax and “social inheritance” with inspirational sources for rethinking a realistic wealth transfer taxation to bridge the gap between notions of intergenerational familial rights and intergenerational social justice.


Author(s):  
Maluleka Khazamula Jan

The main issue that bothers indigenous people is an unequal and unjust representation of their knowledge in relation to the formalized Western education system. Despite the affirmation of indigenous knowledge by the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Western formal education system defines what knowledge and teaching methods are authentic or not. The purpose of this chapter is to determine the value of the indigenous knowledge and their pedagogic methods for preschool and school teachers. The data collected has been critically analyzed through John Rawls' theory of social justice. There is an agreement between authors and teachers that indigenous people had education systems that sustained them for years. This chapter provides some recommendations on how these valuable methods of teaching can be incorporated into the mainstream education systems.


Author(s):  
Anne C. Jennings

This chapter explores social work and community development practices in light of the urgent social, economic, and environmental issues facing the world today. Can those professions, established to support individuals and communities, overcome social disadvantage, evolve into new, alternative roles that seek combined human and non-human (animals, plants, living organisms) understandings leading towards transformative practices? Those professions are viewed within their own constructs and environmental agendas. Ancient and contemporary Indigenous knowledges are then considered, as they relate to the First Law of caring for their living country and living lifestyles. Two community development case studies are examined, involving non-Indigenous people in their community, and Indigenous traditional owners across a whole river catchment to address key questions: How can those disciplines contribute to ecological transformation? Can they appreciate and include non-humans in their practice? and How can Indigenous ancient and current knowledges contribute to social justice practice?


Author(s):  
Anna Dessertine

Women’s involvement in the processes of state formation is marked by a strong ambivalence in Guinea: female political mobilizations appear as an indispensable advantage for state power when they are deployed in support of it, but these mobilizations can likewise disrupt and generate major problems for the state when they are directed against it. The efficacy of female political involvement is closely linked to the historiography of relationships between women and the state in Guinea, a country that helped construct an image of female activism outside of areas considered to be exclusively political, and as a guarantor of social justice. During the colonial period, as was the case for many other countries under French colonial rule, the influence of women was restricted to the domestic sphere: once households ceased to constitute a political resource for the colonial regimes (in contrast to the precolonial era), the influence that women were able to wield within, for example, matrimonial alliances was considerably reduced. Yet, women played a highly important role in nationalist conflicts and under the regime of Sékou Touré, who served as Guinea’s first president from 1958 to 1984. Presented as the “women’s man,” Touré sought high integration of women into his political party, based on structures inspired by the Soviet socialist model. This was a Guinean political originality. In this context, even though women were given official prominence, their demands nonetheless drew on conservative models that relied on a politicization of the maternal figure. Yet the domestic and apolitical character of female mobilization still lends it a spontaneous efficacy in a context in which laws supporting women are seldom enforced and in which the situation seems to have become increasingly precarious for women due to male emigration and inequalities in property rights.


2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-290
Author(s):  
Valentino Cattelan

Abstract This article deals with the nature of Islamic economics as a scientific paradigm which claims to be alternative to conventional economic thinking. To critically evaluate this claim, the work investigates the peculiar religious and moral principles that shape the idea of social justice in Islam. Subsequently, it outlines how Islamic economics derives from these principles a specific conceptualization of property rights and commercial relations that embraces parameters of (1) primacy of real economy; (2) transactional equilibrium; (3) and profit- and risk-sharing. By endorsing the conceptual autonomy of Islamic economics from conventional capitalism, the article also refers to the current emergence of the Islamic financial market at a global stage, and the possible implications for a plural financial system in the future.


2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.O. Hayner ◽  
R.L. Bratton ◽  
R.E. Mizia ◽  
W.E. Windes ◽  
W.R. Corwin ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Raimundo Wilson Gama Raiol ◽  
Andrea Ferrreira Bispo

A concepção de lugar como espaço, tempo e cultura permite compreender que a visão que uma sociedade tem de si mesma constitui um lugar-mundo, cujos limites não correspondem às fronteiras de um Estado. Assim, nos conflitos entre sociedades distintas, as subordinações que se estabelecem correspondem à sobreposição de um lugar-mundo ao outro. Os processos de dominação que envolvem os povos indígenas e não-indígenas no Brasil, desde o período colonial, têm correspondido à sobreposição do lugar-mundo ocidental sobre o lugar-mundo dos povos indígenas. O objetivo deste artigo é responder a seguinte questão: como se dá essa sobreposição? Implícitas nesta pergunta há outras duas mais específicas: como essa sobreposição se justifica e quais são os seus pressupostos? Realizou-se a análise comparativa da carta do Jesuíta Manoel da Nóbrega, escrita em 1549, e do Relatório Figueiredo, elaborado em 1967, e em seguida fez-se a indicação das categorias homólogas nesses dois documentos, ambos relativos a práticas de órgãos oficiais a respeito da questão indígena. Ao final, sugeriu-se que o reconhecimento do direito de propriedade é indispensável para uma mudança de paradigma no tratamento dos temas relacionados aos povos indígenas. Abstract The conception of place as a space, time and culture allows to comprehend that the vision a society has of itself constitute a place-world, which its limits do not correspond to a state borders. This way, conflicts between distincts societies  the subordination stablished correspond to a sobreposition from a place-world to another one. The domination processes that envolve indigenous peoples and non-indigenous people in Brazil, since colonial period, has been corresponding to a sobreposition of occidental place-world against indigenous peoples place-world. This article aims to answer the following question: How does this sobreposition happen? There are two more questions implicit in this one: How does this sobreposition justifies itself and what are its pressuposts? A comparative analysis was made of the Jesuit Manoel da Nobrega letter, written in 1549, and the Figueiredo Report, elaborated in 1969, then a category homologation in these two documents was mad to indicate it, both related to official departments regarding the indigenous issue. In the end, it was suggested that recognize the property rights is indispensable to a change in the paradigm regarding the treatment of themes related to indigenous peoples.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Chay Brown

Aboriginal people in Alice Springs mapped the safe places in their Town Camps. This participatory research led to the implementation of safety features. Safety mapping was developed in response to deficit-based research which pathologized Aboriginal people in Alice Springs. Safety mapping was conducted with Aboriginal people in Town Camps to identify safe places and improve safety. A strengths-based approach showed that problems and their solutions are known, and there are considerable safety assets within Town Camps. The safety mapping centred the voices and experiences of Aboriginal people to produce research that was of benefit to Town Campers, over which Indigenous people retained ownership. This paper highlights that an Indigenist approach to participatory action research is strengthened by Indigenous knowledge in driving social justice.


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